味咸，平。主青盲、目淫、肤赤、白膜、眼赤痛、泪出。久服，益精光（《太平御览》
引作理目珠精，理，即治字），轻身。生川泽。
《吴普》曰∶决明子，一名草决明，一名羊明（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生龙门，石决明，生豫章，十月采，阴干百日。
案∶《广雅》云∶羊 ，英光也。又决明，羊明也；《尔雅》云∶ ，英光。
郭璞云∶英，明也。叶黄锐，赤花，实如山茱萸。陶弘景云∶形似马蹄决明。
味苦，微寒。主心腹邪气，肠鸣幽幽如走水，寒热积聚；破症除瘕，止烦满，益
气。一名却蝉草。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶丹参，一名赤参，一名木羊乳，一名却蝉草。神农、桐君、黄帝、
雷公、扁鹊∶苦，无毒；李氏∶小寒。岐伯∶咸。生桐柏，或生太山山陵阴。茎花小方如荏
，毛、根赤，四月花紫，五月采根，阴干，治心腹痛（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名赤参，一名木羊乳，生桐柏山及太山，五月采根，曝干。
案∶《广雅》云∶却蝉，丹参也。
味苦，寒。主寒湿，风痹，黄胆，补中。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶可以染绛。一名地血，一名茹 ，一名茅搜，一名茜。生乔山。二月
、三月采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶茜，茅搜也。搜，茅搜，茹 。人血所生，可以染绛，从草从鬼。《
广雅》云∶地血，茹 ，茜也。《尔雅》云∶茹 ，茅鬼；郭璞云∶今茜也，可以染绛。
《毛诗》云∶茹 在阪。《传》云∶茹 ，茅搜也。陆玑云∶一名地血，齐人谓之茜，徐州
人谓之牛蔓。徐广注《史记》云∶茜，一名红蓝，其花染绘，赤黄也。按∶《名医》别出红
蓝条，非。
**Cassiae Semen (Jue Ming Zi)**
The taste is salty, and the nature is neutral. It primarily treats Qing Mang (dim vision or blindness with normal-appearing eyes), Mu Yin (redness, swelling, or excessive discharge of the eyelids), Fu Chi (redness of the skin), Bai Mo (white film on the eye surface), Yan Chi Tong (redness and pain of the eyes), and Lei Chu (tearing). Long-term ingestion benefits Jing Guang (brightens the eyes; according to *Taiping Yulan*, this is cited as "Li Mu Zhu Jing," where "Li" means "to treat") and lightens the body. It grows in marshes and wetlands.
*Wu Pu Ben Cao* states: Cassiae Semen is also known as Cao Jue Ming or Yang Ming (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: It grows in Longmen. Shi Jue Ming grows in Yuzhang; it is harvested in the tenth month and dried in the shade for one hundred days.
Commentary: *Guang Ya* states: Yang refers to Ying Guang. It also states that Jue Ming is Yang Ming. *Er Ya* states: refers to Ying Guang. Guo Pu states: Ying means bright. The leaves are yellow and sharp-pointed, the flowers are red, and the fruit resembles Corni Fructus (Shan Zhu Yu). Tao Hongjing states: Its shape resembles Ma Ti Jue Ming.
**Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Dan Shen)**
The taste is bitter, and the nature is slightly cold. It primarily treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, intestinal borborygmus sounding like flowing water, and accumulation of cold and heat. It breaks Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), alleviates irritability and fullness, and supplements Qi. It is also known as Que Chan Cao. It grows in river valleys.
*Wu Pu Ben Cao* states: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is also known as Chi Shen, Mu Yang Ru, or Que Chan Cao. Shen Nong, Tong Jun, Huang Di, Lei Gong, and Bian Que considered it bitter and non-toxic. Li Shi considered it slightly cold. Qi Bo considered it salty. It grows in Tongbai Mountain or on the northern slopes of Mount Tai. The stem and small square flowers resemble Perillae Folium (Ren Cao) and are hairy. The root is red. It flowers purple in the fourth month. The root is harvested in the fifth month, dried in the shade, and used to treat heart and abdominal pain (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: It is also known as Chi Shen or Mu Yang Ru. It grows in Tongbai Mountain and Mount Tai. The root is harvested in the fifth month and sun-dried.
Commentary: *Guang Ya* states: Que Chan is Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
**Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (Qian Gen)**
The taste is bitter, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats cold-dampness, Feng Bi (wind-dampness bi syndrome/painful obstruction), Huang Dan (jaundice), and supplements the Middle Jiao (Spleen and Stomach). It grows in river valleys.
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: It can be used to dye crimson. It is also known as Di Xue, Ru (Lu), Mao Sou, or Qian. It grows in Qiao Mountain. The root is harvested in the second and third months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: Qian is Mao Sou. Sou refers to Mao Sou, which is Ru . It is generated from human blood (an ancient superstition referring to its blood-red color) and can be used to dye crimson; its character consists of the grass radical and the ghost radical. *Guang Ya* states: Di Xue is Ru , which is Qian. *Er Ya* states: Ru is Mao Gui. Guo Pu states: This is the current Qian Cao, which can be used to dye crimson. *Mao Shi* states: Ru is on the slope. The commentary states: Ru is Mao Sou. Lu Ji states: It is also known as Di Xue. People of Qi call it Qian, and people of Xuzhou call it Niu Man. Xu Guang’s annotation of *Shi Ji* states: Qian is also known as Hong Lan; its flowers are used for dyeing, producing a red-yellow color. Note: *Ming Yi Bie Lu* lists Hong Lan separately, which is incorrect.