味苦，微温。主伤寒，补不足，金创痈伤，折跌，续筋骨，妇人乳难（《御览》作乳痈，
云崩中、漏血，《大观本》作黑字）。久服，益气力。一名龙豆，一名属折。生山
《名医》曰∶一名接骨，一名南草，一名槐。生常山。七月、八月采，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶ ，续断也。《范子计然》云∶续断，出三辅∶《桐君药录》云∶续
断，生蔓延，叶细，茎如荏大，根本黄白，有汁。七月、八月采根。
味甘，咸寒。主皮肤热、恶创、疽痔、湿痹，下乳汁。久服，轻身益气，耳目聪
明，不老、延年。一名野兰。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生乔山，八月采根，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶飞廉，漏芦也；陶弘景云∶俗中取根，名鹿骊。
味酸，温。主痈疽恶创，结肉跌筋，败创，热气，阴蚀不疗，利关节。一名墙薇
，一名墙麻，一名牛棘。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶蔷薇，一名牛勒，一名牛膝，一名蔷薇，一名山枣（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名牛勒，一名蔷蘼，一名山棘，生零陵及蜀郡，八月、九月采，阴干。
案∶陶弘景云∶即是墙薇子。
味甘，寒。主瘀血、血瘕欲死、下血。止血，利小便。久服轻身、耐老。一名麦句姜，
一名虾蟆蓝，一名豕首。生川泽。
《名医》曰∶一名天门精，一名玉门精，一名彘颅，一名蟾蜍兰，一名觐，生平原。五
月采。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，豕首也；《尔雅》云∶ ， ，豕首。郭璞云∶今江东呼 首，
可以 蚕蛹。陶弘景云∶此即今人呼为 ，《唐本》云∶鹿活草是也。《别录》一名天
蔓菁，南文呼为地松；掌禹锡云∶陈藏器别立地菘条，后人不当仍其谬。
[Duanyuan (Dipsaci Radix)]
Bitter in flavor, slightly warm. Primarily treats Shanghan (Cold Damage diseases), tonifies deficiencies, treats injuries from metal weapons and sores/wounds, fractures and falls, reconnects broken bones and tendons; used for women's difficult lactation (The Taiping Yulan records it as "Ruyong" (Breast Abscess), and mentions Bengzhong and Louxue (Metrorrhagia and Metrorrhaxis); the Daguan Bencao edition has black characters). Long-term use benefits Qi and strengthens strength. Also known as Longdou, also known as Shuzhe. Grows in mountains.
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Also known as Jiegu, also known as Nancao, also known as Huai. Grows in Changshan. Harvested in July and August, dried in shade.
Research: *Guangya* records: [Character], is Duanyuan. *Fanzi Jiran* records: Duanyuan originates from the Sanchu region; *Tongjun Yaolu* records: Duanyuan grows with spreading vines, leaves are slender, stems are as large as Ren (Perilla) plants, roots are yellowish-white with juice. Roots are harvested in July and August.
[Tianmingjing (Cacumen Sonchii / Sonchus Root)]
Sweet in flavor, salty and cold. Primarily treats skin heat, malignant sores, carbuncles and hemorrhoids, damp-bi (Dampness-Bi syndrome characterized by pain and numbness due to dampness obstruction), promotes milk flow. Long-term use makes the body light and energetic, improves hearing and vision, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Also known as Yelan. Grows in valleys.
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Grows in Qiaoshan, roots are harvested in August, dried in shade.
Research: *Guangya* records: Feilian is Loulu; Tao Hongjing records: The root taken by common people is named Luli.
[Qiangwei (Rosae Chinensis Fructus / Rose Hip)]
Sour in flavor, warm. Primarily treats carbuncles and malignant sores, nodules and tendon injuries, ulcerated wounds, excess heat, non-healing genital ulcers (Yinshi), and promotes joint mobility. Also known as Qiangwei, also known as Qiangma, also known as Niují. Grows in rivers and valleys.
*Wu Pu Bencao* records: Qiangwei, also known as Niule, also known as Niuxi, also known as Qiangwei, also known as Shanzao (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Also known as Niule, also known as Qiangmi, also known as Shanji, grows in Lingling and Shujun, harvested in August and September, dried in shade.
Research: Tao Hongjing records: This is exactly Qiangweizi (Rose hips).
[Tianmingjing (Another entry/Different species identification)]
Sweet in flavor, cold. Primarily treats blood stasis, Xiazha yusi (Abdominal mass with severe pain nearing death), lower bleeding. Stops bleeding, promotes urination. Long-term use makes the body light and resilient to aging. Also known as Maijujiang, also known as Xiamalan, also known as Shishou. Grows in rivers and marshes.
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Also known as Tianmenjing, also known as Yumenjing, also known as Zhilu, also known as Chanshulan, also known as Jin, grows in plains. Harvested in May.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* records: [Character], is Shishou; *Erya* records: [Character], [Character], is Shishou. Guo Pu records: In the Jiangdong region today, [Character] is called Shou, which can be used to feed silkworm pupae. Tao Hongjing records: This is what people today call [Character]; *Tang Bencao* records: Luhuaocao is this plant. *Bielu* also names it Tianmanjing, southern people call it Disong; Zhang Yuxi records: Chen Cangqi separately established the item Disheng, later generations should not follow his error.