味苦，平。主诸暴风湿偏痹，强骨髓，杀三虫，去伏尸。久服，轻身、益气、延年。一
名颠勒（《尔雅》注引云∶门冬，一名满冬，今无文）。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生奉高山，二月、七月、八月采根，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶墙，墙蘼，满冬也；《中山经》云∶条谷之山，其草多宜冬。《尔雅
》云∶墙蘼，满冬。《列仙传》云∶赤须子食天门冬；《抱朴子·仙药篇》云∶天门冬，或
名地门冬，或名筵门冬，或名颠棘，或名淫羊食，或名管松。
味甘，平。主五脏六腑寒热邪气，坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金创 ，解毒。久服，轻身、
延年（《御览》引云∶一名美草，一名密甘，《大观本》作黑字）。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名密甘，一名美草，一名蜜草，一名 草。生河西积沙山及上郡。二月、
八月除日，采根，曝干，十日成。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，甘草也； ，大苦也；苦，大甘苓也；《广雅》云∶美草，甘草
也。《毛诗》云∶隰有苓。《传》云∶苓，大苦。《尔雅》云∶ ，大苦。郭璞云∶今甘草
，蔓延生；叶似荷，青黄；茎赤黄，有节，节有枝相当。或云 似地黄，此作甘，省字。
苓，通。
味甘，寒。主折跌绝筋，伤中，逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉，作汤，除寒热积聚，除痹，
生者尤良。久服，轻身、不老。一名地髓。生川泽。
《名医》曰∶一名 ，一名芑，生咸阳、黄土地者，佳，二月八日采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，地黄也。《礼》曰∶ 毛牛藿、羊 、豕薇；《广雅》云∶地髓
，地黄也。《尔雅》云∶ ，地黄。郭璞云∶一名地髓，江东呼 。《列仙传》云∶吕尚服
地髓。
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats various sudden-onset wind-dampness causing hemiplegic bi-syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome affecting one side of the body), strengthens the bone marrow, kills three types of parasites (referring to internal parasitic worms), and eliminates latent "corpse" pathogens (chronic, infectious diseases). Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits qi (vital energy), and prolongs life. Also known as Dianle (The commentary of *Erya* states: Mendong is also called Mandong, but this text is no longer extant). Grows in mountain valleys.
*Famous Physicians' Records* states: Grows in the deep valleys of Fenggao Mountain. The roots are harvested in the second, seventh, and eighth lunar months and sun-dried.
Research notes: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Qiangmi is Mandong; *Classic of Mountains and Seas (Zhongshan Jing)* states: On the mountains of Tiaogu, many herbs named Yidong grow. *Erya* states: Qiangmi is Mandong. *Biographies of Divine Immortals* states: Chixu Zi consumed Tianmendong; *Baopuzi · Chapter on Immortal Herbs* states: Tianmendong is sometimes called Dimendong, Yanmendong, Dianji, Yinyangshi, or Guansong.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats cold and heat pathogenic factors affecting the five zang organs and six fu organs, solidifies the sinews and bones, increases muscle mass, doubles physical strength, treats metal wounds (injuries caused by sharp metal objects), and detoxifies. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life (*Taiping Yulan* cites: Also known as Meicao and Miganc; the *Daguan Edition* writes it with a black character). Grows in rivers and marshes.
*Famous Physicians' Records* states: Also known as Miganc, Meicao, Micao, and [missing character]cao. Grows at Jishashan in Hexi and Shangjun. Harvested on the "Chu" days (auspicious days for harvesting) of the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried, and processed over ten days.
Research notes: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [Character] is Gancao; [Character] is Daku; Ku is Dagangling; *Guangya* states: Meicao is Gancao. *Mao Shi* states: There is Ling in the lowlands. The Commentary states: Ling is Daku. *Erya* states: [Character] is Daku. Guo Pu states: The current Gancao grows spreadingly; leaves resemble lotus leaves, greenish-yellow; stems are reddish-yellow with nodes, and branches opposite each other at the nodes. Some say it resembles Dihuang; here written as "Gan," omitting characters. "Ling" is a variant of "Ling."
Sweet in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily treats fractures and dislocations causing tendon rupture, internal injuries, expels blood bi (obstruction due to blood stasis), fills the bone marrow, increases muscle mass, and when decocted, removes cold-heat accumulations and bi-syndrome. Fresh roots are particularly effective. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging. Also known as Disui. Grows in rivers and marshes.
*Famous Physicians' Records* states: Also known as [Character], also known as Qi. Those grown in Xianyang and yellow earth regions are superior. Harvested on the eighth day of the second lunar month, dried in the shade.
Research notes: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [Character] is Dihuang. *Book of Rites* states: [Character] Mao Niu Huo, Yang [Character], Shi Wei; *Guangya* states: Disui is Dihuang. *Erya* states: [Character] is Dihuang. Guo Pu states: Also known as Disui, referred to as [Character] in the Jiangdong region. *Biographies of Divine Immortals* states: Lu Shang consumed Disui.