味咸，温。主结气、胁下满、惊悸，除水，去五脏间寒热，补中下气。一名金沸草，一
名盛椹。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名戴椹。生平泽。五月采花，晒干，二十日成。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，盗庚也。《尔雅》云∶ ，盗庚。郭璞云∶旋复似菊。
（《御览》作梨芦）
味辛，寒。主蛊毒，咳逆，泄
葱苒。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶藜芦，一名葱葵，一名丰芦，一名蕙葵（《御览》引云∶一名山葱，一名
公苒）。神农、雷公∶辛，有毒（《御览》引云∶玄黄帝∶有毒）；岐伯∶咸，有毒；李氏∶
大寒，大毒；扁鹊∶苦，有毒，大寒。叶、根小相
《名医》曰∶一名葱 ，一名山葱。生太山。三月采根，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶藜芦，葱苒也。《范子计然》云∶藜芦，出河东，黄白者，善。《尔
雅》云∶ ，山葱，疑非此。
（《御览》作 ）
味辛，温。主金创乳 ，中恶风，咳逆上气，水肿，杀鬼注（旧作疰，《御览》作注，
是）
蛊毒。一名野葛。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶秦，钩肠，一名毒根，一名野葛。神农∶辛；雷公∶有毒，杀人。生南越
山，或益州，叶如葛，赤茎大如箭、方，根黄。或生会稽东治，正月采（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生傅高山及会稽东野。
案∶《广雅》云∶莨，钩吻也。《淮南子·说林训》云∶蝮蛇螫人，敷以和堇，则愈。
高诱云∶和堇，野葛，毒药。《博物志》云∶钩吻毒，桂心、葱叶，沸，解之。陶弘景云∶
或云钩吻是毛莨。沈括《补笔谈》云∶闽中人，呼为吻莽，亦谓之野葛；岭南人，谓之胡蔓
；俗谓之断肠草。此草，人间至毒之物，不入药用。恐本草所出别是一物，非此钩吻也。
[Xuanfu Hua / Inulae Flos]
Salty in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats qi stagnation (Qi stagnation), fullness under the hypochondrium, palpitations with fright; eliminates water retention, removes cold and heat between the five zang organs, tonifies the middle jiao, and directs rebellious qi downward. Also known as Jinfei Cao (Inula Flower), also known as Shengshen. Grows in river valleys.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Daishen. Grows in plains and marshes. Flowers are harvested in the fifth month, sun-dried, and processed over twenty days.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "[Xuanfu], meaning to steal grain." *Erya* states: "[Xuanfu], meaning to steal grain." Guo Pu comments: Xuanfu resembles chrysanthemum.
(Tai Ping Yu Lan writes "Lilu")
[Lili / Veratrum Nigrum Rhizome]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats gu poison (parasitic poisoning), cough with reversed qi, and dysenteric discharge (textually "xie cong ran", interpreted as dysenteric symptoms). Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu's Materia Medica states: Lili, also known as Kongkui, also known as Fenglu, also known as Huikui (Tai Ping Yu Lan quotes: also known as Shancong, also known as Gongran). Shennong and Leigong state: Pungent, toxic (Tai Ping Yu Lan quotes: Xuan Huangdi states: toxic); Qibo states: Salty, toxic; Li Shi states: Extremely cold, highly toxic; Bian Que states: Bitter, toxic, extremely cold. The leaf and root have slight differences [in properties/toxicity].
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Cong [character missing], also known as Shancong. Grows in Mount Tai region. Roots are harvested in the third month and dried in the shade.
Note: *Guangya* states: Lili is Kongran. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Lili originates from Hedong; yellow and white varieties are superior. *Erya* states: "[Character], is Shancong," suspected not to be this plant.
(Tai Ping Yu Lan writes "[Character]")
[Gouwen / Gelsemium Elegans Root]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats metal wounds (traumatic injuries from sharp objects), breast carbuncles, evil wind invasion, cough with reversed qi ascending, edema, kills guizhu disease (old text "Zhu", Tai Ping Yu Lan writes "Zhu", which is correct), and gu poison. Also known as Yege. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu's Materia Medica states: Qin [likely textual error for a synonym or related herb, translated literally], Gouchang, also known as Dugen, also known as Yege. Shennong states: Pungent; Leigong states: Toxic, fatal. Grows in Nan Yue mountains, or Yizhou; leaves resemble kudzu, stem is red, thick like an arrow shaft and square, root is yellow. Or grows in Kuaiji Dongzhi, harvested in the first month (Tai Ping Yu Lan).
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in Fu Gao Mountain and Kuaiji Dongye.
Note: *Guangya* states: Lang [likely textual confusion with Belladonna/Scopolia, but translated as per source], is Gouwen. *Huainanzi · Shuilin Xun* states: If bitten by a viper, applying Hejin [a herb] cures it. Gao You comments: Hejin is Yege, a poisonous drug. *Bowuzhi* states: The toxicity of Gouwen can be resolved by boiling Guixin (Cinnamon Twig) and Scallion Leaf. Tao Hongjing states: Some say Gouwen is Ranunculus. Shen Kuo in *Supplement to Pen Talks* states: People in Fujian call it Womang, also called Yege; people in Lingnan call it Human; commonly called Dachangcao (Intestine-Cutting Grass). This herb is one of the most toxic substances in the human world and is not used in medicine. It is feared that the Gouwen mentioned in the *Bencao Jing* is a different substance, not this Gouwen.