味辛，微温。主胸胁痛如刀刺，腹满，肠鸣幽幽，惊恐悸气（《御览》引云∶一
名利如。《大观本》作黑字）。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶桔梗，一名符扈，一名白芍，一名利如，一名梗草，一名卢如。神农、医
和∶苦，无毒；扁鹊、黄帝∶咸；岐伯、雷公∶甘，无毒；李氏∶大寒。叶如荠 ，茎如笔
管，紫赤。二月生（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名利如，一名房图，一名白药，一名梗草，一名荠 。生蒿高及冤句。
二、八月采根，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶桔，桔梗，药名。《广雅》云∶犁如，桔梗也。《战国策》云∶今求
柴胡，及之睾黍梁父之阴，则 车而载耳。桔梗于沮泽，则累世不得一焉，《尔雅》云∶ ，
。郭璞云∶荠
味苦，寒。主齿痛出虫，肉痹拘急，使人健行，见鬼。多食，令人狂走。久服，轻身、
走及奔马、强志、益力、通神。一名横唐。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名行唐。生海滨及壅州。五月采子。
案∶《广雅》云∶ 萍，KT 荡也。陶弘景云∶今方家多作野狼 。旧作菪。案∶《说文》
无
菪、 字。《史记·淳于意传》云∶淄川王美人怀子而不乳，引以莨荡药一撮。《本草图经》
引作浪荡
味苦，寒。主疥瘙、痂痒、恶创，杀虫，留热在骨节间，明目。一名青蒿，一名方溃。
生川泽。
《名医》曰∶生华阴。
案∶《说文》云∶蒿， 也； ，香蒿也，或作 。《尔雅》云∶蒿 。郭璞云∶今人呼
青蒿香中炙啖者为 。《史记·司马相如传》∶ 。注《汉书音义》曰∶ ，蒿也。陶弘
景
云∶即今青蒿。
[Jie Geng (Platycodon Root)]
Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats chest and hypochondriac pain as if pierced by a knife, abdominal fullness, and low-pitched borborygmus (intestinal rumbling) (cited from *Taiping Yulan*: also known as Li Ru; the *Daguan Bencao* version writes it as "Hei"). Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu records: Jie Geng is also known as Fu Hu, Bai Shao, Li Ru, Geng Cao, and Lu Ru. Shen Nong and Yi He considered its flavor bitter and non-toxic; Bian Que and Huang Di considered it salty; Qi Bo and Lei Gong considered it sweet and non-toxic; Li Shi considered it greatly cold. The leaves resemble those of Shepherd's Purse (*Shepherdia*), the stems resemble pen tubes, and the color is purple-red. It grows in the second lunar month (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Mingyi Bie Lu* records: Also known as Li Ru, Fang Tu, Bai Yao, Geng Cao, and Qi Cao. Grows in Gaogao and Yuanju. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and dried in the sun.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Jie" refers to Jie Geng, a medicinal name. *Guaya* states: "Li Ru" is Jie Geng. *Zhan Guo Ce* states: "If one seeks Chai Hu today on the north side of Gaoshu Liangfu Mountain, it can be loaded onto carts. But if one seeks Jie Geng in marshes, it cannot be found for generations." *Erya* states: [Text missing]. Guo Pu comments: [Text missing].
[Lang Dang Zi (Scopolia Seed)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats toothache with worms, muscle paralysis with stiffness and spasm, enables vigorous walking, and causes hallucinations of seeing ghosts. Excessive consumption leads to frenzied running. Long-term use makes the body light, enables running as fast as a galloping horse, strengthens willpower, increases strength, and enhances spiritual clarity. Also known as Heng Tang. Grows in river valleys.
*Mingyi Bie Lu* records: Also known as Xing Tang. Grows by the sea and in Yongzhou. The seeds are harvested in the fifth lunar month.
Commentary: *Guaya* states: [Text missing] Ping is Lang Dang. Tao Hongjing says: Practitioners nowadays mostly write it as Ye Lang [Text missing]. The old form was Dan. Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* contains no characters for Dan or [Text missing]. *Shiji · Chunyu Yi Zhuan* states: "The favored consort of the King of Zichuan was pregnant but could not give birth, so she was induced with a pinch of Lang Dang medicine." *Bencao Tujing* cites it as "Lang Dang".
[Cao Hao (Artemisia Annua)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats scabies itching, crusted itching, malignant sores, kills parasites, clears lingering heat in the bone joints, and improves vision. Also known as Qing Hao, Fang Kui. Grows in rivers and marshes.
*Mingyi Bie Lu* records: Grows in Huayin.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Hao" is [Text missing]; [Text missing] is fragrant Hao, alternatively written as [Text missing]. *Erya* states: Hao [Text missing]. Guo Pu says: What people now call Qing Hao that has a strong fragrance and is suitable for roasting and eating is [Text missing]. *Shiji · Sima Xiangru Zhuan*: [Text missing]. The commentary on *Han Shu Yin Yi* states: [Text missing] is Hao. Tao Hongjing says: It is exactly Qing Hao of today.