味辛，寒。主阳痿绝伤，茎中痛，利小便，益气力，强志。一名刚前。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶淫羊藿，神农、雷公∶辛；李氏∶小寒。坚骨（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生上山郡阳山。
味苦，平。主诸热黄胆，肠 泄利，逐水，下血闭，恶创，恒蚀火疡。一名腐肠。生川
谷。
《吴普》曰∶黄芩，一名黄文，一名妒妇，一名虹胜，一名红芩，一名印头，一
名内虚，神农、桐君、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊∶苦，无毒；李氏∶小温。二月生赤黄叶，两两四
四相值，茎空中或方员，高三、四尺，四月花紫红赤，五月实黑、根黄。二月至九月采（《御
览》）
《名医》曰∶一名空肠，一名内虚，一名黄文，一名红芩，一名妒妇。生秭归及
冤句。三月三日采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，黄 也。《广雅》云∶
云∶黄芩，出三辅。色黄者，
善。
味苦，平。主腰背，强关机，缓急，周痹寒湿，膝痛。颇利老人。一
《吴普》曰∶狗脊，一名狗青，一名赤节。神农，桐君、黄帝、岐伯、雷公
、扁鹊∶甘，无毒；李氏∶小温。如萆 ，茎节如竹，有刺，叶圆赤，根黄白，亦如竹根，
毛有刺。《岐伯经》云∶茎
《名医》曰∶一名强膂，一名扶盖，一名扶筋，生常山，二月、八月采根，曝干。
案∶《广雅》云∶菝 ，狗脊也。《玉篇》云∶菝 ，狗脊根也。《名医》别出菝 条，
非。
Epimedium (Yinyanghuo): Pungent in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats impotence, severe consumptive injuries, pain in the penis, promotes urination, benefits qi and strength, and stabilizes the will. Also known as Gangqian. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Epimedium, according to Shennong and Lei Gong, is pungent; Li Shi considers it slightly cold. (It) strengthens bones (cited from Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It grows on Yang Mountain in Zhongshan Commandery.
Scutellaria (Huangqin): Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats various heat-induced jaundice, intestinal diarrhea and dysentery, expels fluid retention, resolves blood stasis/closure, treats malignant sores, and chronic fire ulcers. Also known as Fuchang. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu states: Scutellaria, also known as Huangwen, Dufu, Hongsheng, Hongqin, Yintou, Neixu. According to Shennong, Tongjun, Huangdi, Lei Gong, and Bianque, it is bitter and non-toxic; Li Shi considers it slightly warm. In February, it produces reddish-yellow leaves, arranged pairwise or in groups of four; the stem is hollow or square-shaped, three to four chi high; in April, it bears purple-red flowers; in May, it yields black fruits, and the root is yellow. Harvested from February to September (cited from Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: Also known as Kongchang, Neixu, Huangwen, Hongqin, Dufu. Grows in Zigui and Yuanju. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
Commentary: Shuowen Jiezi states: "[Character], is Huangqin." Guangya states: "[Character], is Huangqin." Yaoxing Lun states: Huangqin originates from the Sanchu region. Those with a yellow color are of superior quality.
Cibotium (Gouji): Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats stiffness of the waist and back, joint rigidity and spasms, generalized bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness, and knee pain. Particularly beneficial for the elderly.
Wu Pu states: Cibotium, also known as Gouqing, Chijie. According to Shennong, Tongjun, Huangdi, Qibo, Lei Gong, and Bianque, it is sweet and non-toxic; Li Shi considers it slightly warm. It resembles Dioscorea hypoglauca (Bixie), with stems and nodes like bamboo, possessing thorns; the leaves are round and reddish; the root is yellowish-white, resembling bamboo rhizomes, with hairy thorns. The Qibo Jing states: The stem...
Mingyi Bie Lu states: Also known as Qianglv, Fugai, Fujin. Grows in Changshan. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and sun-dried.
Commentary: Guangya states: "Baqi is Gouji." Yupian states: "Baqi is the root of Gouji." Mingyi Bie Lu lists Baqi as a separate entry, which is incorrect.