味苦，平。主风寒湿痹，心腹邪气，利关节，止烦满。久服，轻身、明目、不老。一名
鲁果能（《御览》作食果），一名地椹。生川泽石边。
《吴普》曰∶龙芮，一名姜苔，一名天豆。神农∶苦，平；岐伯∶酸；扁鹊、李氏∶大
寒；雷公∶咸，无毒。五月五日采（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名石能，一名彭根，一名天豆。生太山，五月五日采子，二月、
八月采皮，阴干。
案∶《范子计然》云∶石龙芮，出三辅。色黄者，善。
味甘，寒。主劳伤虚羸，补中益气，除瘀血、血闭、寒热，利小便。其苗，主下水。一
名兰根，一名茹根。生山谷、田野。
《名医》曰∶一名地管，一名地筋，一名兼杜。生楚地，六月采根。
案∶《说文》云∶茅，菅也；菅，茅也。《广雅》云∶菅，茅也。《尔雅》云∶白华，
野菅。郭璞云∶菅，茅属。《诗》云∶白华菅兮，白茅束兮。《传》云∶白华，野菅也，已沤，
为菅。
味苦，温。主咳逆上气，胸中
《吴普》曰∶紫菀，一名青苑（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名紫茜，一名青苑。生房陵及真定邯郸。二月、三月采根，阴干
案∶《说文》云∶菀，茈菀，出汉中房陵。陶弘景云∶白者，名白菀。《唐本》
注云∶白菀，即女菀也。
[Shilongrui]
Bitter, neutral. Primarily treats wind-cold-damp bi (a syndrome characterized by pain, numbness, and limited mobility of limbs and joints caused by invasion of wind, cold, and damp pathogens), evil qi in the heart and abdomen, unblocks the joints, and relieves irritability and fullness. Long-term consumption lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and prevents aging. Also known as Luguo Neng (written as Shiguo in *Taiping Yulan*), also known as Dizhen. Grows beside stones in rivers and lakes.
*Wu Pu* records: Longrui is also known as Jiangtai, also known as Tiandou. Shennong states: bitter, neutral; Qibo states: sour; Bian Que and Li Shi state: very cold; Lei Gong states: salty, non-toxic. Harvested on the fifth day of the fifth month (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Mingyi Bielu* records: Also known as Shineng, also known as Penggen, also known as Tiandou. Grows in Mount Tai. Seeds are harvested on the fifth day of the fifth month; bark is harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Fanzi Jiran* states: Shilongrui originates from the Sanfu region. Those with yellow color are superior.
[Maogen]
Sweet, cold. Primarily treats emaciation and weakness due to labor injury or damage, tonifies the middle jiao and boosts qi, removes blood stasis, blood obstruction (stagnation or blockage of blood flow), and alternating chills and fever, and promotes urination. Its shoots primarily treat edema. Also known as Langen, also known as Rugen. Grows in valleys and fields.
*Mingyi Bielu* records: Also known as Diguan, also known as Dijin, also known as Jiandu. Grows in the Chu region. Roots are harvested in the sixth month.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Mao is Jian; Jian is Mao. *Guangya* states: Jian is Mao. *Erya* states: Those with white flowers are Yejian. Guo Pu comments: Jian belongs to the category of Mao. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "White flowers of Jian, bound white Mao." The Commentary states: White flowers refer to wild Jian, which becomes Jian after retting.
[Ziwan]
Bitter, warm. Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi and chest...
*Wu Pu* records: Ziwan is also known as Qingyuan (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Mingyi Bielu* records: Also known as Ziqian, also known as Qingyuan. Grows in Fangling and Handan, Zhending. Roots are harvested in the second and third months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Wan refers to Ziwan, originating from Fangling in Hanzhong. Tao Hongjing states: The white variety is named Baiwan. The commentary of *Tang Bencao* states: Baiwan is equivalent to Nuwan.