味苦，平。主暴中风，身热肢满，忽忽不知人，狂惑，邪气，寒热酸 ，温疟洗洗，发
作有时。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名白幕，一名薇草，一名春草，一名骨美。生平原。三月三日
采根，阴干。
味辛，寒。主暴热身痒（《艺文类聚》《初学记》痒，此是），下水气，胜酒，长须发（《艺
文类聚》作乌发），消渴。久服，轻身。一名水华（《艺文类聚》引云∶一名水廉）。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶水萍，一名水廉。生泽水上。叶员小，一茎一叶，根入水。五月花白，三
月采，晒干（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一始水白，一名水苏。生雷泽。三月采，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶苹， 也，无根，浮水而生者。萍，苹也。KT ，大萍也。《广雅》
云∶
KT，萍也。《夏小正》云∶七月湟潦生苹。《尔雅》云∶萍， 。郭璞云∶水中浮萍，江
东谓之KT 。又其大者， 。《毛诗》云∶于以采 。《传》云∶ ，大萍也。《范子计然》
曰∶水萍，出三辅。色青者，善。《淮南子·原道训》云∶萍树根于水。高诱云∶萍，大
也。
味苦，寒。主消渴内痹瘀血，月闭，寒热，酸疼，益气，俞聋。一名土瓜。生平泽。
《名医》曰∶生鲁地田野及人家坦墙间。三月采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，王 也。《广雅》云∶葵茹、瓜 ，王瓜也。《夏小正》云∶四月
王
郭璞云∶钩， 也，一名王瓜，实如 瓜，正赤，味苦。《月令》∶王瓜生。郑元云∶《月
令》云王 生。孔颖达云∶疑王 ，则王瓜也。《管子·地员篇》剽土之次曰五沙，其种大
细 ，白茎青秀以蔓。《本草图经》云∶大 ，即王 也。芴，亦谓之土瓜，自
[Baiwei (Cynanchum atratum)]
Bitter, neutral. Primarily treats sudden onset of wind-stroke, fever with limb fullness, mental confusion with inability to recognize people, mania and delirium, pathogenic factors causing alternating cold and heat with soreness, and warm-malaria (a type of malaria characterized by high fever and chills) occurring at regular intervals. Grows in river valleys.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Baimu, Weicao, Chuncuo, and Gumei. Grows in plains. Roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
[Shuiping (Wolffia arrhiza / Lemna minor)]
Pungent, cold. Primarily treats sudden high fever and skin itching (according to *Yiwen Leiju* and *Chuxue Ji*, the character "itching" is correct here), promotes urination to drain water qi, counteracts alcohol intoxication, promotes growth of beard and hair (recorded as "darkens hair" in *Yiwen Leiju*), treats xiao-ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Long-term use lightens the body. Also known as Shuihua (cited in *Yiwen Leiju* as: also known as Shuilian). Grows in ponds and marshes.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Shuiping, also known as Shuilian. Grows on the surface of marshes. Leaves are round and small, one stem bears one leaf, roots enter the water. White flowers appear in the fifth lunar month; harvested in the third lunar month and sun-dried (according to *Taiping Yulan*).
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: One name is Shibai, another is Shuisu. Grows in Leize. Harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the sun.
Research note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Ping refers to a plant like Xing, without roots, floating on water. Ping is synonymous with Ping. KT (pronounced similarly to 'ping' but referring to larger varieties) is large duckweed. *Guangya* states: KT is ping. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: In the seventh month, ping grows in stagnant pools. *Erya* states: Ping is an aquatic plant. Guo Pu comments: Floating duckweed in water is called KT in the Jiangdong region. The larger variety is called "". *Mao Shi* states: Where to gather "?". The Commentary states: "" is large duckweed. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Shuiping originates from the Sanchu region. Those with green color are superior. *Huainanzi · Yuandao Xun* states: Duckweed roots itself in water. Gao You comments: Ping is large duckweed.
[Wagua (Trichosanthes cucumerina)]
Bitter, cold. Primarily treats xiao-ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), internal bi-syndrome with blood stasis, amenorrhea, alternating cold and heat, muscle soreness, tonifies qi, and treats deafness. Also known as Tugua. Grows in marshes and flatlands.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in fields of Lu territory and between walls of houses. Roots are harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
Research note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Is Wagua. *Guangya* states: Kui ru and Gua are both Wagua. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: In the fourth month, Wagua... Guo Pu comments: Gou is..., also known as Wagua, fruit resembling a bottle gourd, bright red, bitter taste. *Yueling* states: Wagua grows. Zheng Xuan comments: *Yueling* states Wagua grows. Kong Yingda comments: Suspecting Wagua, it is indeed Wagua. *Guanzi · Diyuan Pian* mentions: For slippery soil, the fifth category is Sha, its seeds are large and fine, with white stems, green flowers, and creeping vines. *Bencao Tujing* states: Da is Wagua. Wu is also called Tugua, self...