味甘，平。主伤中虚羸，补五内（《御览》作脏），益气力，长肌肉，填髓脑。久服，轻
身、不老。一名巨胜。叶，名青 。生川泽。
《吴普》曰∶胡麻，一名方金。神农、雷公∶甘，无毒。一名狗虱，立秋采。
《名医》曰∶一名狗虱，一名方茎，一名鸿藏。生上党。
案∶《广雅》云∶狗虱，巨胜，藤 ，胡麻也。《孝经·援神契》云∶ 胜延年。宋均
云∶世以 胜为苟杞子。陶弘景云∶本生大宛，故曰胡麻。按∶《本经》已有此，陶说非也
。且与麻贲并列，胡之言大，或以叶大于麻。故名之。
味辛，平。主五劳七伤，利五脏，下血，寒气。多食，令人见鬼狂走。久服，通神明、
轻身。一名麻勃。麻子∶味甘，平。主补中益气，肥健、不老、神仙。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶麻子中仁，神农、岐伯∶辛；雷公、扁鹊∶无毒。不欲牡蛎、白薇。先藏
地中者，食，杀人。麻蓝，一名麻贲，一名青欲，一名青葛。神农∶辛；岐伯∶有毒；雷公
∶甘。畏牡蛎、白薇。叶上有毒，食之杀人。麻勃，一名花。雷公∶辛，无毒。畏牡蛎（《
御览》）。
《名医》曰∶麻勃，此麻花上勃勃者。七月七日采，良。子，九月采。生太山。
案∶《说文》云∶麻与秫同，人所治在屋下， 麻也， 实也，或作 ，荸，麻母也
。，KT 也，以贲为杂 香草。《尔雅》云∶ ， 实， 麻。孙炎云∶ ，麻子也。郭
璞云∶别二名。又KT ，麻母，郭璞云∶苴，麻盛子者。《周礼》笾朝事之笾，其实 。郑
云∶ ， 实也。郑司农云∶麻实曰 。《淮南子·齐俗训》云∶胡人见 ，不知其可以为
布。高诱云∶ ，麻实也。据此则弘景以为牡麻无实，非也。《唐本》以为麻实，是。
上米、谷，上品二种。旧三种。今以青 入草。
**Hu Ma (Sesamum indicum / Black Sesame):**
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral. It primarily treats damage to the middle jiao causing deficiency and emaciation, tonifies the five zang organs (《Taiping Yulan》 records "zang"), benefits qi and strength, promotes muscle growth, and fills the marrow and brain. Long-term consumption makes the body light and prevents aging. Another name is Ju Sheng (Great Victory). The leaves are named Qing . Grows in river marshes.
Wu Pu states: Hu Ma, also known as Fang Jin. Shen Nong and Lei Gong: Taste is sweet, non-toxic. Also known as Gou Shi (Dog Louse), harvested at Start of Autumn.
Ming Yi Bie Lu states: Also known as Gou Shi, Fang Jing, Hong Zang. Grows in Shangdang.
Commentary: Guang Ya states: Gou Shi, Ju Sheng, Teng [missing character], and Hu Ma are the same substance. Xiao Jing · Yuan Shen Qi states: Sheng extends life. Song Jun explains: People consider Sheng Zi to be Gou Qi Zi (Goji berry). Tao Hongjing states: Originally from Dayuan, hence called Hu Ma. Note: This entry already exists in Ben Jing, so Tao's statement is incorrect. Furthermore, it is listed alongside Ma Ben. "Hu" means "large," possibly because its leaves are larger than those of hemp. Hence the name.
**Ma Ben (Hemp Flower / Cannabis sativa flower):**
Taste is pungent, nature is neutral. It primarily treats the five labors and seven injuries, benefits the five zang organs, directs blood downward, and dispels cold qi. Excessive consumption causes hallucinations, seeing ghosts, and狂走 (frantic running). Long-term consumption connects with divine spirit and makes the body light. Another name is Ma Bo.
**Ma Zi (Hemp Seed / Cannabis sativa seed):**
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral. It primarily tonifies the center and benefits qi, makes one robust and healthy, prevents aging, and leads to a state akin to immortals. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu states: The kernel inside the Ma Zi. Shen Nong and Qi Bo: Pungent; Lei Gong and Bian Que: Non-toxic. Do not use with Mu Li (Oyster Shell) or Bai Wei (Cynanchum Atratum Root). Ma Zi stored in the ground beforehand, if eaten, kills people. Ma Lan, also known as Ma Ben, Qing Yu, Qing Ge. Shen Nong: Pungent; Qi Bo: Toxic; Lei Gong: Sweet. Incompatible with Mu Li and Bai Wei. The leaves are toxic; eating them kills people. Ma Bo, also known as Hua (Flower). Lei Gong: Pungent, non-toxic. Incompatible with Mu Li (cited from Taiping Yulan).
Ming Yi Bie Lu states: Ma Bo refers to the vigorous part of the hemp flower. Harvested on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, which is good. Seeds harvested in September. Grows in Mount Tai area.
Commentary: Shuo Wen states: Ma is similar to Shu. What people process under the roof is Ma. Ma Shi (fruit), alternatively written as , Bi, is Ma Mu (Mother Hemp). [Garbled text] KT, using Ben as miscellaneous fragrant herbs. Er Ya states: , is Ma Shi, i.e., Ma. Sun Yan explains: , is Ma Zi (Hemp seed). Guo Pu states: These are two different names. Also KT, Ma Mu. Guo Pu states: Ju is the female hemp that bears fruit. Zhou Li mentions the Bian used for morning offerings contains . Zheng Xuan annotates: , is Ma Shi. Zheng Sinong states: Ma Shi is called . Huai Nan Zi · Qi Su Xun states: Hu people see , not knowing it can be made into cloth. Gao You annotates: , is Ma Shi. Based on this, Tao Hongjing's belief that male hemp has no fruit is incorrect. Tang Ben Zhu considers it Ma Shi, which is correct.
Shang Mi and Gu belong to the Superior Category, two species. Old editions had three species. Now Qing [missing/garbled] is included in the Grass category.