味酸，平。主安五脏，益精气，长阴令坚，强志倍力，有子。久服，轻身、不老一名
复盆。生平泽。
《吴普》曰∶ 盆，一名决盆（《御览》）。《甄氏本草》曰∶复盆子，一名马 ，一名
陆荆（同上）。
《名医》曰∶一名陵 ，一名阴药。生荆山及冤句。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，木也； ，缺盆也。《广雅》云∶ 盆，陆英，莓也。《尔雅》
云∶ ， 盆。郭璞云∶复盆也，实似莓而小，亦可食。《毛诗》云∶葛苗苗之。陆玑云∶
一名巨瓜，似燕 ，亦连蔓，叶似艾，白色，其子赤，可食。《列仙传》云∶昌容食蓬 根
。李当之云∶即是人所食莓。陶弘景云∶蓬 ，是根名；复盆，是实名。
味苦，平。主湿痹，腰脊膝痛，补中，除暴疾，益精气，强志，令耳目聪明。久服，轻
身、不饥、耐老、神仙。一名雁啄实。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶一名芡，生雷泽。八月采。
案∶《说文》云∶芡，鸡头也。《广雅》云∶ 芡，鸡头也。《周礼》笾人∶加笾之实
，芡。郑元云∶芡，鸡头也。《方言》云∶ 芡，鸡头也，北燕谓之 ；青徐淮泗之间谓之
芡；南楚江湘之间谓之鸡头，或谓之雁头，或谓之乌头。《淮南子·说山训》云∶鸡头，已
。高诱云∶水中芡，幽州谓之雁头。《古今注》云∶叶似荷而大，叶上蹙绉如沸，实有芒
刺，其中有米，可以度饥，即今茑子也。
上果，上品五种。旧六种，今以橘、柚入木。
[Peng Shi (Rubus Chingii Fruit)]
Taste: Sour. Nature: Neutral.
Main actions: Calms the Five Zang Organs (Wu Zang, 五脏), tonifies Essence and Qi (Jing Qi, 精气), promotes the growth of the Yin region and makes it firm, strengthens willpower and doubles physical strength, and aids in conception. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Also known as Fupen (Rubus Chingii). Grows in ponds and marshes.
Wu Pu states: "Pen" is also known as Juepen (cited from Taiping Yulan). The Bencao of Ms. Zhen states: Fupenzi (Rubus Chingii) is also known as Ma [Shu], and also known as Lujing (ibid.).
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is also known as Ling [Shu], and also known as Yin Yao. It grows in Jing Mountain and Yuanju.
Research: The Shuowen Jiezi states: "[Shu]" is a tree; "[Quefen]" refers to the clavicular fossa (supraclavicular depression). The Guangya states: "[Shu]pen" is Luying, which is Mei (berry). The Erya states: "[Shu]" is "[Shu]pen". Guo Pu comments: It is Fupen; its fruit resembles Mei but is smaller, and is edible. The Mao Shi (Book of Songs) states: "Ge miao miao zhi [Shu]." Lu Ji states: It is also known as Juggua, resembling Yan [Shu], growing with vines; leaves resemble Ai (Mugwort), are white in color, fruits are red and edible. The Liexian Zhuan (Biographies of Immortals) states: Changrong ate the roots of Peng [Shu]. Li Dangzhi states: It is the Mei that people eat. Tao Hongjing states: Peng [Shu] refers to the root name; Fupen refers to the fruit name.
[Ji Tou Shi (Euryale Seed / Foxnut)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral.
Main actions: Treats Bi syndrome caused by Dampness (Shi Bi, 湿痹), relieves pain in the waist, spine, and knees, tonifies the Middle Jiao (Zhong Jiao, 中焦), eliminates acute diseases, tonifies Essence and Qi, strengthens willpower, and improves hearing and vision. Long-term consumption lightens the body, reduces hunger, enhances longevity, and leads to immortality. Also known as Yan Zhuo Shi. Grows in ponds and marshes.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is also known as Qian, growing in Lei Ze. Harvested in the eighth month.
Research: The Shuowen Jiezi states: "Qian" is Ji Tou (Chicken Head/Euryale seed). The Guangya states: "[Qian] Qian" is Ji Tou. The Zhou Li (Rites of Zhou), under the section Bian Ren, records: Among the items added to the Bian basket, there is Qian. Zheng Xuan comments: "Qian" is Ji Tou. The Fangyan states: "[Qian] Qian" is Ji Tou; in the Northern Yan region, it is called "[Qian]"; between Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Huai River, and Si River, it is called "Qian"; in Southern Chu, Jiangxiang regions, it is called "Ji Tou," or alternatively "Yan Tou" (Goose Head), or "Wu Tou" (Crow Head). The Huainanzi · Shoushan Xun states: "Ji Tou, already [Qian]." Gao You comments: Aquatic Qian is called Yan Tou in Youzhou. The Gujin Zhu states: Leaves resemble Lotus leaves but are larger; the leaf surface is wrinkled like boiling water; the fruit has thorns; inside is grain, which can be used to stave off hunger; this is the current Niao Zi.
These are the Fruit category, classified as Upper Grade (Shang Pin, 上品), five species. The old edition listed six species; now, Ju (Tangerine) and You (Pomelo) are included in the Wood category.