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[Liao Shi (Polygoni Fructus)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats brightening the eyes and warming the middle jiao, enhances resistance to wind-cold, promotes the discharge of water qi, and treats edema of the face and eyes as well as carbuncles and sores. Ma Liao (Polygonum aviculare) removes leeches from the intestines and lightens the body.
Grows in rivers and marshes.
Wu Pu states: Liao Shi is also known as Tian Liao, Ye Liao, or Ze Liao (cited from *Yiwen Leiju*).
*Names of Famous Physicians* states: Grows in Lei Ze.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Liao is a pungent vegetable, also called Qiang Yu." Qiang refers to Qiang Yu, which is Liao. *Guaya* states: "Hong, Long, [missing character], Ma Liao Kong."
*Erya* states: "Qiang Yu is Liao." Guo Pu comments: "Yu Liao is Ze Luo." It further states: "Hong, Long Gu. The larger ones are called Gui." Guo Pu comments: "Commonly, Hong Cao is called Long Gu; this is due to phonetic shift." *Mao Shi* states: "In the lowlands, there is You Long." The *Zhuan* commentary states: "Long is Hong Cao." Lu Ji states: "Also known as Ma Liao, with large leaves that are reddish in color, growing..."

[Cong Shi (Allii Fistulosi Fructus / Scallion Fruit)]
Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats brightening the eyes and supplementing deficiency in the middle jiao. Its stems can be boiled into a decoction to treat chills and fever caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage), induce sweating, and treat facial edema caused by Wind-Stroke.

[Xie (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus / Small-root Garlic)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats Jin Chuang (traumatic injuries from metal weapons), decay of sores, lightens the body, suppresses hunger, and promotes longevity. Grows in plains and marshes.
*Names of Famous Physicians* states: Grows in Lu Shan.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Xie is a vegetable with leaves resembling garlic chives." *Guaya* states: "Jiu, Xie, Qiao, its flower is called Jing." *Erya* states: "Xie Hong Hui." Guo Pu comments: "It is the Xie vegetable." It also mentions: "Jin Shan Ben." Tao Hongjing states: "Cong (Scallion) and Xie are different entities, but they are currently listed together. Since *Ben Jing* does not list Jiu (Garlic Chive), it is because they are of the same category, hence combined."

[Jia Su (Perillae Folium / Elsholtzia Spica - Perilla/Mint type)]
Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Primarily directs Qi downward, dispels bad breath, eliminates toxins, and wards off evil influences. Long-term consumption clarifies the spirit, lightens the body, and promotes longevity. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Wu Pu states: Jie [Su] is also known as Shui Su (Water Mint) or Lao Zu (cited from *Yulan*).
*Names of Famous Physicians* states: Also known as Ji Su, Lao Zu, Jie [Su], or Jie Ju. Grows in Jiuzhen Commandery, harvested in the seventh month.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Su is Gui Ren." *Guaya* states: "Jie [Su] is Shui Su." *Erya* states: "Su, Gui, Ren." Guo Pu comments: "Su belongs to the Ren category, hence named Gui Ren." *Fangyan* states: "Su is also Ren. In the regions east and west of the Pass, it is called either Su or Ren; between Zhou and Zheng, it is called Gong Ben; south of the Yuan and Xiang rivers, it is called [missing character]; the smaller variety is called Xie Rou." Note: Xie Rou is indeed Xiang Ru (Elsholtzia). It is also named Xiang [missing]. *Names of Famous Physicians* lists Xiang Ru separately, which is incorrect. Currently, Zi Su (Perilla Leaf), Bo He (Mint), etc., all belong to the Su category. *Names of Famous Physicians* lists them separately.
The above are vegetables, classified in the Middle Grade, totaling three species. The old edition had four. Upon examination, Cong Shi should be grouped with Xie. Jia Su is now included here and should ideally belong to the Grass section.