味甘，平。主皮肤寒热，胃中热气，寒湿痹，坚筋骨，令人嗜食。久服，轻身。花、叶∶
去白虫。一名剧草，一名三坚，一名豕首。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶蠡实，一名剧草，一名三坚，一名剧荔华（《御览》），
一名泽蓝，一名豕首。神农、黄帝∶甘，辛，无毒。生宛句。五月采（同上）。
《名医》曰∶一名荔实。生河东。五月采实，阴干。
案∶《说文》云，荔，草也，似蒲而小，根可作刷。《广雅》云∶马KT ，荔也。《月令
》云∶仲冬之月，荔挺出。郑云∶荔挺，马薤也。高诱注《淮南子》云∶荔马，荔草也。《通
俗文》云∶一名马兰。颜之推云∶此物河北平泽率生之，江东颇多，种于阶庭，但呼为早蒲，
故不识马薤。
味苦，寒。主关格，诸癃结，小便不通，出刺，决痈肿，明目去翳，破胎堕子，下闭血。
一名巨句麦。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名大菊，一名大兰。生大山。立秋采实，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶蘧，蘧麦也。菊、大菊，蘧麦。《广雅》云∶茈威、陵苕，蘧麦也。
《尔雅》云∶大菊，蘧麦。郭璞云∶一名麦句姜，即瞿麦。陶弘景云∶子颇似麦，故名瞿麦
味苦，微寒。主腹中寒热积聚，女子产乳余疾，补肾气，令人目明。一名重台。
《吴普》曰∶元参，一名鬼藏，一名正马，一名重台，一名鹿腹，一名端，一名元台，
神农、桐君、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊∶苦，无毒；岐伯∶咸；李氏∶寒。或生冤朐山阳。二月生
叶如梅毛，四四相植似芍药，黑茎方高四、五尺，花赤，生枝间，四月，实黑（《御览》）。
、四月采根，曝干。
案∶《广雅》云∶鹿肠，元参也。《范子计然》云∶元参，出三辅。青色者，善。
[Lishi]
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral. It primarily treats alternating chills and fever of the skin (Pifu Hanre), heat qi in the stomach (Weizhong Reqi), bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness (Han Shi Bi), strengthens bones and tendons (Jian Gu Jin), and promotes appetite (Ling Ren Shi Shi). Long-term use makes the body light (Qing Shen). Flowers and leaves: remove white parasites (Bai Chong). Also known as Jucuo (Jucao), also known as Sanjian, also known as Shishou. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu states: Lishi, also known as Jucao, also known as Sanjian, also known as Julihua (from *Taiping Yulan*), also known as Zelan, also known as Shishou. Shennong and Huangdi: taste is sweet and pungent, non-toxic. Grows in Wanju. Harvested in May (ibid.).
*Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Also known as Lishi. Grows in Hedong. Harvest fruits in May, dry in shade.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states, Li is a grass, resembling cattail but smaller, roots can be made into brushes. *Guangya* states: Ma KT (likely referring to Allium macrostemon or similar), is Li. *Li Ji · Yue Ling* states: In the second month of winter, Li Ting emerges. Zheng Xuan's annotation: Li Ting is Ma Xie (Allium macrostemon). Gao You's annotation on *Huainanzi* states: Li Ma is Li grass. *Tongsu Wen* states: Also known as Malan. Yan Zhitui states: This plant grows abundantly in the plains and marshes of Hebei, is common in Jiangdong, planted in courtyards, only called Zaopu, thus unrecognized as Ma Xie.
[Qumai]
Taste is bitter, nature is cold. It primarily treats Guan Ge syndrome (obstruction with vomiting and urinary retention), various types of long-bi and stagnation (Zhu Longjie), urinary obstruction (Xiaobian Butong), expels spicules, resolves carbuncles and swellings (Jue Yongzhong), brightens eyes and removes nebula (Mingmu Qu Yi), breaks gestation and induces abortion (Po Tai Duo Zi), and expels stagnant blood (Xia Bi Xue).
Also known as Juju Mai. Grows in river valleys.
*Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Also known as Daju, also known as Dalan. Grows in large mountains. Harvest fruits at Start of Autumn, dry in shade.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Qu is Qumai. Ju, Daju, is Qumai. *Guangya* states: Ziwei, Lingtiao, is Qumai. *Erya* states: Daju is Qumai. Guo Pu states: Also known as Maijujiang, which is Qumai. Tao Hongjing states: The seeds resemble wheat greatly, hence named Qumai.
[Yuanshen]
Taste is bitter, nature is slightly cold. It primarily treats cold-heat accumulations in the abdomen (Fuzhong Hanre Jiju), residual diseases after childbirth in women (Nvzi Chanru Yujì), tonifies Kidney Qi (Bushen Qi), and brightens vision (Ling Ren Mingmu). Also known as Chongtai.
Wu Pu states: Yuanshen, also known as Guicang, also known as Zhengma, also known as Chongtai, also known as Lufu, also known as Duan, also known as Yuantai. Shennong, Tongjun, Huangdi, Leigong, Bian Que: taste is bitter, non-toxic; Qibo: taste is salty; Li Shi: nature is cold. Some grow on the south side of Yuanqu Mountain. Leaves emerge in February like plum leaves with hairs, four leaves opposite each other resembling Peony, black square stems, four to five chi high, red flowers growing among branches, black fruits in April (*Taiping Yulan*). Harvest roots in February and April, sun-dry.
Textual Research: *Guangya* states: Luchang is Yuanshen. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Yuanshen originates from Sanchu. Those that are green are superior.