味苦，温。主惊痫、 疾，鬼注、蛊毒，除寒热，贲豚、五癃，邪气、挛缩。一名
豚颠。悬蹄∶主五痔、伏热在肠、肠痈、内蚀。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，小豕也。从豸省，象形，从又，持内以给祭祀，篆文作豚。《方
言》云∶猪，其子或谓之豚，或谓之 。，吴扬之间，谓之猪子。
味辛，温。主痈肿、恶创、死肌，寒、风、湿痹，四肢拘缓不收，风头，肿气，通腠理。
一名官脂。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生南山及雀淮南边。十月取。
案∶《说文》云∶麋，鹿属，冬至解其角。《汉书》云∶刘向以为∶麋之为言，迷也。
盖牝兽之淫者也。
主堕胎，令人产易。生平谷。
《名医》曰∶生山都。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，鼠形，飞走且乳之鸟也。籀文作 。《广雅》云∶KT KT ，
飞也。
陶弘景云∶是鼯鼠，一名飞生见。《尔雅》云∶鼯鼠，夷由
味咸，平。主鬼注、蛊毒，寒热、惊痫， 、狂走。骆驼毛，尤良。
案∶陶弘景云∶六畜，谓马、牛、羊、猪、狗、鸡也；蹄，即踯省文。
上兽，下品四种。旧同。
味辛，寒。主邪气，破症坚，血、痈肿、阴创。服之，不患热病。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶一名蟾蜍，一名 ，一名去甫，一名苦 。生江湖。五月五日取，阴干
。东行者，良。
案∶《说文》云∶虾，虾蟆也；蟆，虾蟆也； ，虾蟆也； ， ，詹诸也。其鸣詹
诸；其皮 ；其行 ，或作 。 ，詹诸也。《夏小正》传云∶蜮也者，长股也，
或曰屈造之属也。《诗》曰∶得此 ，言其行 ， ，詹诸，以鸣者。虾蟆也。郭璞
云∶似虾蟆，居陆地。《淮南》谓之去蚊。又 蟆，郭璞云∶蛙类。《周礼》云∶蝈氏。郑司
农云∶蝈，读为蜮。蜮，虾蟆也。元谓蝈，今御所食蛙也。《月令》云∶仲夏之月，反舌无
声。蔡邕云∶今谓之虾蟆。薛君《韩诗》注云∶戚放蟾蜍。高诱注《淮南子》云∶蟾，
也。又蝈，虾蟆也。又蟾蜍，虾蟆。又鼓造，一曰虾蟆。《抱朴子·内篇》云∶或问，魏武
帝曾收左元放而桎梏之，而得自然解脱，以何法乎？《抱朴子》曰∶以自解去父血。
[Toad] Bitter, warm. Primarily treats fright epilepsy (Jing Xian), dian epilepsy (Dian Ji), ghost injection (Gui Zhu), gu poison (Gu Du), eliminates chills and fever, treats hernia-like pain rising from the lower abdomen (Ben Teng), five types of strangury (Wu Long), expels pathogenic factors, and relieves muscle spasms and contractures. Also known as Tun Dian.
[Suspended Hoof] (i.e., Pig's Tarsal Bone/Hoof) Primarily treats five types of hemorrhoids (Wu Zhi), latent heat in the intestines (Fu Re Zai Chang), intestinal abscess (Chang Yong), and internal erosion/ulceration.
Case Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Zhi" refers to a small pig. The character is pictographic, derived from a simplified 'Zhi', combined with 'You' (hand), indicating holding a pig for sacrificial rites; the seal script form is 'Tun'. *Fangyan* states: The offspring of a pig is sometimes called 'Tun', or 'Shizi'. In the Wu and Yang regions, it is called 'Zhu Zi'.
[Deer Antler] Pungent, warm. Primarily treats carbuncles and swellings (Yong Zhong), malignant sores (E Chuang), necrotic tissue (Si Ji), cold-wind-dampness bi-syndrome (Han Feng Shi Bi), flaccidity and inability to control the four limbs (Si Zhi Ju Huan Bu Shou), wind affecting the head (Feng Tou), swelling and qi stagnation (Zhong Qi), and unblocks the interstices (Tong Cou Li). Also known as Guan Zhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
*Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Grows in southern mountains and south of Que River. Harvested in the tenth lunar month.
Case Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Mi belongs to the deer family; its antlers shed at the Winter Solstice. *Book of Han* records that Liu Xiang believed: The word 'Mi' implies confusion. It is likely associated with the lust of female animals.
[Bat] Primarily induces abortion (Duo Tai) and facilitates easy childbirth (Ling Ren Chan Yi). Grows in plains and valleys.
*Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Grows in Shandu.
Case Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Wu has the shape of a rat; it is a bird that flies and walks while nursing its young. The large seal script form is written as [Character]. *Guaya* states: Wuwu refers to flying.
Tao Hongjing says: This is the flying squirrel (Wu Shu), also known as Fei Sheng Jian. *Erya* states: Wu Shu is also known as Yi You.
[Camel Hair] Salty, neutral. Primarily treats ghost injection (Gui Zhu), gu poison (Gu Du), chills and fever (Han Re), fright epilepsy (Jing Xian), mania and wild running (Kuang Zou). Camel hair is particularly effective.
Case Note: Tao Hongjing states: The six domesticated animals refer to horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, and chickens; the character 'Ti' (hoof) is a abbreviated form of 'Zhi'.
The above four are animal-derived substances, classified under the Lower Grade of the Superior Category. Old classifications were identical.
[Toad Secretion/Skin] Pungent, cold. Primarily treats pathogenic factors (Xie Qi), breaks up hard masses and accumulations (Po Zheng Jian), blood stasis (Xue), carbuncles and swellings (Yong Zhong), and yin sores (Yin Chuang). Upon ingestion, one will not suffer from heat diseases. Grows in ponds and marshes.
*Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Also known as Chan Chu, also known as [Character], also known as Qu Fu, also known as Ku Li. Grows in rivers and lakes. Harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dried in the shade. Those that move eastward are considered superior.
Case Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Xia refers to Toad; Ma refers to Toad; [Character] refers to Toad; Zhan Zhu refers to Toad. Its cry sounds like Zhan Zhu; its skin is rough; its movement is described as [Character], alternatively written as [Character]. Zhan Zhu is the Toad. *Xiaoxiaozheng* commentary states: Yu refers to long-legged creatures, or some say they belong to the Quzao genus. *Shijing* states: Obtaining this [Character] describes its movement; Zhan Zhu, known by its cry, is the Toad. Guo Pu says: Similar to a toad, inhabiting land. *Huainanzi* calls it Qu Wen. Again, [Character] Ma, Guo Pu says: A type of frog. *Rites of Zhou* states: Guoshi. Zheng Sino Nong says: Gu is read as Yu. Yu is the Toad. Zheng Xuan says: Gu refers to the frog currently consumed by the imperial court. *Monthly Ordinances* states: In the second month of summer, the fan she (reversing tongue) becomes silent. Cai Yong says: Now called Toad. Xue Jun's commentary on *Han Shi* states: Qifang is the Toad. Gao You's commentary on *Huainanzi* states: Chan is [Character]. Again, Gu is the Toad. Again, Chan Chu is the Toad. Again, Guzao is another name for Toad. *Baopuzi · Inner Chapters* states: Someone asked, Emperor Wu of Wei once arrested Zuo Yuanfang and put him in shackles, but he achieved natural release. What method was used? *Baopuzi* says: By using the method of self-releasing father's blood.