味辛，微寒（《御览》有补中二字。《大观本》黑字）。主漏下赤白，寒热，破石淋，杀
禽兽、贼鼠。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶马刀，一名齐蛤。神农、岐伯、桐君∶咸，有毒；扁鹊∶小寒，大毒。生
池泽、江海。采无时也（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名马蛤。生江湖及东海。采无时。
案∶《范子计然》云∶马刀，出河东。《艺文类聚》引《本经》云∶文蛤，表有文。又
曰马刀，一曰名蛤，则岂古本与文蛤为一邪？
味咸，平。主小儿百二十种惊痫、螈 、 疾、寒热、肠痔，虫毒，蛇痫。火熬之，良。
一名龙子衣，一名蛇符，一名龙子单衣，一名弓皮。生川谷及田野。
《吴普》曰∶蛇蜕，一名龙子单衣，一名弓皮，一名蛇附，一名蛇筋，一名龙皮，一名
龙单衣（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名龙子皮。生荆州。五月五日、十五日取之，良。
案∶《说文》云∶它，虫也。从虫而长，象冤，曲 尾形。或作蛇蜕，蛇蝉所解皮也。
《广雅》云∶蝮 蜕也。《中山经》云∶来山多空夺。郭璞云∶即蛇皮脱也。
味咸，寒。主蛇瘕，去三虫、伏尸、鬼注、蛊毒，杀长虫。仍自化作水。生平土
《吴普》曰∶蚯蚓，一名白颈螳 ，一名附引（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名土龙。二月取，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，侧行者，或作蚓， 也。《广雅》云∶蚯蚓，蜿 ，引无也
。《尔雅》云∶ 蚓， 蚕。郭璞云∶即 也，江东呼寒蚓，旧作蚯，非。《吕氏春秋》
、《淮南子》邱蚓出，不从虫。又《说文训》云∶ ，无筋骨之强。高诱注∶ ，一名蜷
也。旧又有白颈二字，据《吴普》古本当无也。
[Madao]
Pungent in flavor, slightly cold in nature (Taiping Yulan contains the characters "tonify the middle"; Daguan edition has these characters in black ink). It primarily treats leukorrhea with blood or white discharge (leukorrhea with blood or white discharge), alternating chills and fever, breaks down urinary calculi (urinary calculi), and kills birds, beasts, and thieves' rats. It grows in ponds and marshes.
Wu Pu states: Madao is also known as Qi Ge. Shennong, Qibo, and Tongjun record: Salty in flavor, toxic; Bian Que records: Slightly cold in nature, highly toxic. It grows in ponds, marshes, rivers, seas, and oceans. There is no fixed time for harvesting (recorded in Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It is also known as Ma Ge. It grows in rivers, lakes, and the East China Sea. There is no fixed time for harvesting.
Commentary: Fanzi Jiran states: Madao originates from Hedong. Yiwen Leiju quotes Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing stating: Wen Ge has patterns on its surface. It also states that Madao is another name for Ge. Could it be that in ancient editions, Madao and Wen Ge were the same substance?
[Shetui]
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats one hundred and twenty types of pediatric convulsions, spasms, epilepsy, alternating chills and fever, intestinal hemorrhoids, insect poisoning, and snake-induced epilepsy. Frying it over fire yields good results.
It is also known as Longzi Yi, She Fu, Longzi Danyi, and Gong Pi. It grows in river valleys and fields.
Wu Pu states: Shetui is also known as Longzi Danyi, Gong Pi, She Fu, She Jin, Long Pi, and Long Danyi (recorded in Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It is also known as Longzi Pi. It is produced in Jingzhou. Harvesting it on the fifth and fifteenth days of the fifth lunar month yields good results.
Commentary: Shuo Wen Jie Zi states: Ta refers to insects. The character consists of 'chong' (insect) and is long, resembling a curved, wronged tail shape. Alternatively written as Shetui, it is the shed skin of snakes and cicadas. Guang Ya states: It is the shed skin of vipers. Zhongshan Jing states: Laishan is full of Kongduo. Guo Pu states: This refers to shed snake skin.
[Qiuyin]
Salty in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily treats snake-related abdominal masses (abdominal masses related to snakes), expels the three parasites, Fusshi (latent dead blood or parasites), Guizhu (tuberculosis), and Gudus (gu poison), and kills long worms (intestinal parasites). It can still transform itself into water. It grows in flat soil.
Wu Pu states: Qiuyin is also known as Baijing Tang and Fuyin (recorded in Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It is also known as Tulong. Harvested in the second lunar month and dried in the shade.
Commentary: Shuo Wen Jie Zi states: Yin refers to side-crawling creatures; alternatively written as Yin, it is the earthworm. Guang Ya states: Qiuyin, winding and twisting, implies extension without end. Erya states: Yin is equivalent to Can. Guo Pu states: It is Yin; Jiangdong calls it Han Yin. The old form 'Qiu' is incorrect. Lü Shi Chun Qiu and Huainanzi mention Qiu Yin appearing, not using the 'chong' radical. Furthermore, Shuo Wen Xun states: Yin lacks strong sinews and bones. Gao You's commentary notes: Yin is also known as Quan. Older editions include the characters 'Baijing'; according to Wu Pu, the ancient edition should not have contained them.