味咸，平。主目翳、鬼注虫毒、腹痛、下血、五癃，利水道。烧用之，良。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶一名贝齿。生东海。
案∶《说文》云∶贝，海介虫也。居陆，名飙；在水，名 ，象形。《尔雅》云
，小者， 。郭璞云∶今细贝，亦有紫色，出日南。又 ，小而椭。郭璞云∶即上小贝。
味咸，寒。主五癃，破五淋，堕胎，内解结气，利水道，除热。一名水虱。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶石蚕，亦名沙虱。神农、雷公∶酸，无毒。生汉中。治五淋，破随内结气，利
水道，除热（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生江汉。
案∶《广雅》云∶水虱， 也。《淮南万毕术》云∶沙虱，一名蓬活，一名地脾。《御
览》虫豸部引李当之云∶类虫，形如老蚕。生附石。《广志》云∶皆虱，虱色赤，大过虮。
在水中，入人皮中，杀人，与李似不同。
味甘，平。主小儿惊痫，寒热结气，蛊毒鬼注。一名躁舍。
《名医》曰∶生汉中。采，蒸之。生树枝间，蛄 房也。八月取。
案∶《说文》云∶蛄，蛄斯黑也。《尔雅》云∶ ，蛄 。郭璞云∶ 属也。今青州人
呼为蛄 。按∶《本经》名为雀瓮者，瓮与蛹，音相近，以其如雀子，又如茧虫之蛹，因
呼之。
味咸，寒。主小儿惊痫、螈 ，腹胀寒热，大人疾狂易。一名 蜣。火熬之，良。生池
泽。
《名医》曰∶生长沙。五月五日取，蒸，藏之。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，渠 。一曰天杜。《广雅》云∶天杜，蜣螂也。《尔雅》云∶ 蜣，
蜣螂。郭璞云∶黑甲虫，啖粪土。《玉篇》∶蜣、螂同。《说文》无蜣字。渠 ，即 蜣，音
之缓急。
[Bei Zi (Concha)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Opacity of the eye (cataract/pterygium), poisoning from "Gui Zhu" (ghost fixation/toxic insects), abdominal pain, hematochezia (blood in stool), five types of strangury (difficulty in urination), and promoting the flow of water passages. Burned for use is effective. Habitat: Ponds and marshes.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Bei Chi (Shell Tooth). Grows by the sea.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Bei" refers to marine crustaceans/shellfish. Those living on land are called Biao; those living in water are called [Character missing], with a pictographic form resembling a shell. *Erya* states: [Character missing], the small ones are called [Character missing]. Guo Pu comments: The current fine shells also have purple varieties, originating from Rinan Commandery. Another type [Character missing] is small and oval. Guo Pu comments: This is the aforementioned small shell.
[Shui Shi (Water Louse)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Five types of strangury, breaking up stones caused by the five types of strangury, inducing abortion, resolving internal stagnant Qi, promoting the flow of water passages, and clearing heat. Also known as Shui Shi. Habitat: Ponds and marshes.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Shi Can (Stone Silkworm), also known as Sha Shi (Sand Louse). Shennong and Leigong consider it: Sour flavor, non-toxic. Grows in Hanzhong. Treats the five types of strangury, breaks up internal adherent stagnant Qi, promotes the flow of water passages, and clears heat (cited from *Taiping Yulan*).
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in the Jianghan region.
Textual Research: *Guangya* states: Shui Shi is [Character missing]. *Huainan Wanbi Shu* states: Sha Shi is also known as Peng Huo and Di Pi. *Taiping Yulan*, Section on Insects, cites Li Dangzhi: It belongs to insects, shaped like an old silkworm. Grows attached to stones. *Guang Zhi* states: They are all lice, red in color, larger than nits. Living in water, they enter human skin and can cause death, which differs from Li Dangzhi's description.
[Que Weng (Sparrow Urn)]
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, cold-heat stagnant Qi, Gu poison, and Gui Zhu. Also known as Zao She.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in Hanzhong. After harvesting, steam it. Grows among tree branches, being the nest of Gu [Character missing]. Harvested in August.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Gu, Gu Si is black. *Erya* states: [Character missing], is Gu [Character missing]. Guo Pu comments: Belongs to the Gu genus. People in Qingzhou now call it Gu [Character missing]. Note: The name Que Weng in *Ben Jing* arises because "Weng" (urn) sounds similar to "Yong" (pupa); it resembles a sparrow egg and also the pupa of a cocoon insect, hence the name.
[Qiang Lang (Dung Beetle)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, spasms and twitching, abdominal distension with cold and heat, and adult mania or erratic behavior. Also known as [Character missing] Qiang. Fire-roasted for use is effective. Habitat: Ponds and marshes.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in Changsha. Harvested on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, steamed, and stored.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [Character missing], Qu [Character missing]. Another name is Tian Du. *Guangya* states: Tian Du is Qiang Lang. *Erya* states: [Character missing] Qiang is Qiang Lang. Guo Pu comments: Black-shelled insect that eats dung and soil. *Yupian* states: Qiang and Lang are synonymous. *Shuowen Jiezi* does not contain the character "Qiang". Qu [Character missing] is equivalent to [Character missing] Qiang; the difference lies only in the speed of pronunciation.