味辛，温。主杀鬼精物、蛊毒恶气。久服，益气力，长阴、肥健，轻身、增年。一名离
母，一名鬼督邮。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶换督邮，一名神草，一名阎狗。或生太山，或少室。茎、箭赤，无叶，根
如芋子。三月、四月、八月采根，日干。治痈肿（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生陈仓雍州，及太山少室，三月、四月、八月采根，曝干。
案∶《抱朴子》云∶按∶仙方中，有合离草，一名独摇，一名离母，所以谓之合离、离
母者，此草为物，下根如芋魁，有游子十二枚周环之，去大魁数尺，虽相须，而实不相连，
但以气相属耳，别说云∶今医家见用天麻，即是此赤箭根。
（旧作庵闾，《御览》作奄闾，是）
味苦，微寒。主五脏瘀血，腹中水气，胪张留热，风寒湿痹，身体诸痛。久服，轻身、
延年、不老。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶奄闾，神农、雷公、桐君、岐伯∶苦，小温，无毒；李氏∶温，或生上
党，叶青浓两相当，七月，花曰；九月，实黑，七月、九月、十月采，驴马食，仙去（《御
览》）。
《名医》曰∶ 食之，神仙。生雍州，变生上党及道边，十月采根，阴干。
案∶《司马相如赋》有奄闾，张揖云∶奄闾，蒿也。子可治疾。
味辛，微温。主明目，目痛泪出，除痹，补五脏，益精光。久服，轻身，不老。一名蔑
析，一名大蕺，一名马辛。生川泽及道旁。
《吴普》曰∶析 ，一名析目，一名荣冥，一名马 。雷公、神农、扁鹊∶辛；李氏∶
小温，四月采干。二十日，生道旁。得细辛，良。畏干姜、苦参、荠实，神农∶无毒。生野
田，五月五日采，阴干。治腹胀（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名大荠，生咸阳。四月、五月采，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，析 ，大荠也；《广雅》云∶析 ，马辛也，《尔雅》云∶析 、
大荠。郭璞云∶荠，叶细，俗呼之曰老荠。旧作菥，非。
Chi Jian (Tianma, Gastrodia Rhizome)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats the expulsion of demonic spirits, gu poison, and malignant qi. Long-term consumption boosts vital energy, promotes genital growth, enhances physical robustness and health, lightens the body, and extends lifespan. Also known as Li Mu (Separating Mother), also known as Gui Du You (Ghost Supervisor). Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu records: Huan Du You, also known as Shen Cao (Divine Grass), also known as Yan Gou. Some grow at Mount Tai, others at Mount Shaoshi. The stem and arrow-like structures are red, without leaves; the root resembles a taro tuber. Roots are harvested in March, April, and August, dried in the sun to treat carbuncles and swellings.
Famous Physicians' Records state: Grows in Chencang Yongzhou, as well as Mount Tai and Mount Shaoshi. Roots are harvested in March, April, and August, and sun-dried.
Commentary: Baopuzi states: In immortal prescriptions, there is He Li Cao (Union-Parting Grass), also known as Du Yao (Solely Shaking), also known as Li Mu. It is called He Li or Li Mu because this plant has a lower root tuber resembling a taro corm, surrounded by twelve smaller roots (youzi) at a distance of several feet from the main tuber. Although they depend on each other, they are not physically connected, but only linked by their qi. Another note says: The Tianma currently used by physicians is precisely the root of this Chi Jian.
Yan Lü Zi
Bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature. Primarily treats blood stasis in the five zang organs, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, abdominal distension with retained heat, bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, and various pains in the body. Long-term consumption lightens the body, extends lifespan, and prevents aging. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu records: Yan Lü, according to Shennong, Leigong, Tongjun, and Qibo: Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic; Li Shi considers it: Warm. Some grow in Shangdang, with thick green leaves of equal size; flowers appear in July; fruits turn black in September. Harvested in July, September, and October; donkeys and horses consume it and ascend to immortality (Taiping Yulan).
Famous Physicians' Records state: Consuming it leads to immortality. Grows in Yongzhou, changing to grow in Shangdang and by roadsides. Roots are harvested in October and dried in the shade.
Commentary: Sima Xiangru's Fu mentions Yan Lü. Zhang Yi states: Yan Lü is a type of mugwort. Its seeds can treat diseases.
Zhi Zi
Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Primarily improves vision, treats eye pain and tearing, dispels bi syndrome, tonifies the five zang organs, and benefits essence and brilliance. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging. Also known as Mie Xi, also known as Da Ji (Large Shepherd's Purse), also known as Ma Xin (Horse Pungency). Grows in river marshes and by roadsides.
Wu Pu records: Zhi, also known as Zhi Mu, also known as Rong Ming, also known as Ma. Leigong, Shennong, and Bianque consider it: Pungent; Li Shi considers it: Slightly warm, harvested and dried in April. Grows by roadsides within twenty days. If combined with Xixin (Asarum), the effect is excellent. Adverse reactions occur with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Kushen (Sophora Root), and Qishi (Shepherd's Purse Seed); Shennong considers it: Non-toxic. Grows in wild fields, harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and dried in the shade. Treats abdominal distension (Taiping Yulan).
Famous Physicians' Records state: Also known as Da Qi, grows in Xianyang. Harvested in April and May, and sun-dried.
Commentary: Shuowen Jiezi states: Zhi refers to Da Qi (Large Shepherd's Purse); Guangya states: Zhi refers to Ma Xin (Horse Pungency); Erya states: Zhi and Da Qi are the same. Guo Pu states: Qi has slender leaves and is commonly called Lao Qi (Old Shepherd's Purse). The old text used the character Xi, which is incorrect.