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There are twenty-nine types in total.

Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig): Sweet and acrid, very hot in nature, slightly toxic. Mainly benefits the liver and lung qi. Treats headache. Ri Huazi states it treats all wind pathogens and brightens the eyes.

Songzhi (Pine Resin): Bitter and sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic. Clears latent heat in the stomach.

Gouqi (Goji Berry): Bitter, cold in nature. The root is named Digupi (Root of Lycium Bark), which is very cold; the fruit is slightly cold and non-toxic. Leaves are harvested in spring and summer, stems and fruits in autumn, and roots in winter. According to *Yaoxing Lun*, leaves cooked with mutton as a soup are very beneficial, dispelling wind and brightening the eyes. If thirsty, it can be boiled as a drink to replace tea. It mainly treats eye wind barriers, red membranes, and dimness/pain. Crushing leaves into juice and dripping them into the eyes yields wonderful results. According to *Qianjin Fang*, for treating liver deficiency or tearing in the wind, take two sheng of the plumpiest goji berries, crush them, place them in a silk bag, immerse them in one dou of wine in a jar, seal tightly to prevent leakage. After thirty-seven days, drink each morning at dawn, allowing freedom but avoiding intoxication. According to *Zhouhou Fang*, for treating eye heat, skin growths, and red/white eyes, crushing goji berry juice and applying it to the eyes yields immediate results. According to *Waitai Miyao*, for treating sudden eye redness, epidemic swelling/itching/pain, use three jin of Digupi, boil in three dou of water until three sheng remain, filter out the dregs, add one liang of salt, and stir-fry until two sheng remain, then apply to the eyes. Dried ginger (two liang) may also be added.

Baishi (Cypress Seed): Sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Mainly tonifies qi and dispels wind. Long-term consumption makes ears and eyes sharp.

Fuling (Poria): Sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Mainly opens the chest and epigastrium, regulates zang-fu qi. Leigong stated: When collected, crush finely, squeeze in a basin of water. What floats is Fuling; what sinks is the woody core. Accidental ingestion of the core causes eye opacities, small spots on the black cornea, and blindness. Remember this.

Hupo (Amber): Sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Ri Huazi states it brightens the eyes and rubs away opacities.

Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark): Bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats eye heat, redness, and swelling. Ri Huazi states it cleanses the liver, brightens the eyes, and stops tearing.

Chushi (Broussonetia Fruit): Sweet, cold in nature, non-toxic. Mainly brightens the eyes. Leaves are also used in prescriptions. According to *Waitai Miyao*, for eye opacities: Take white bark of Broussonetia, dry it in the sun, roll it into a rope-like shape like a hairpin shaft, burn it to ash. Wait for it to cool, grind finely like flour. Apply to the opacity three to five times daily until it gradually disappears.

Manjing (Vitex Fruit): Bitter and acrid, slightly cold, neutral/warm, non-toxic. Mainly brightens the eyes, treats cephalalgia due to wind, and tearing. Ri Huazi states it treats red eyes.

Ruhe (Prunus Mume Kernel): Sweet, warm, slightly cold, non-toxic. Mainly brightens the eyes, treats redness/swelling/pain/tearing, and swollen/ulcerated eyes. In *Tujing Bencao* by Liu Yuxi (*Chuanxin Fang*), the method noted is most unique: For eye wind tearing/itching, or generation of opacities/redness, it treats all these conditions. Take Xuanzhou Huanglian (Phellodendron), sift into powder; Ru Ren (Prunus Kernel), peel and grind into paste. Because this substance is slightly moist, it cannot be made into powder alone. Mix equal parts with Huanglian powder. Take two dried dates without worms, cut off the top slightly keeping it, remove the pit, fill with the two substances, replace the top. Wrap in thin cotton. Boil half a bowl of water in a silver vessel over mild fire until reduced to the volume of an egg white. Filter through cotton, let cool, and apply to eyes. It is infallible. Tested on dozens of people previously with success. Current physicians also use it effectively, so it is appended here.

Huoxiang (Patchouli): Slightly warm, treats wind pathogens.

Ruxiang (Frankincense): Slightly warm. Ri Huazi states it is acrid and hot, slightly toxic. Dispels evil wind.

Sangye (Mulberry Leaf): Mainly eliminates chills and fever. Ri Huazi states it is warm/non-toxic, eliminates wind pain. Spring leaves before opening can be decocted and taken, treating all wind pathogens. An empirical formula for treating Qingmang (blindness): This method should be followed strictly. It is effective for those whose vision is blurred as if looking through a falcon's hood. On specific auspicious days: 8th of Jan, 8th of Feb, 6th of Mar, 4th of Apr, 5th of May, 6th of Jun, 7th of Jul, 20th of Aug, 12th & 17th of Sep, 22nd of Oct, and the last day of the lunar month. On these days, use mulberry branch ash to make a decoction, pour into a porcelain vessel, clarify thoroughly. Wash the eyes while the liquid is slightly warm. If it cools, reheat gently over water. Wash continuously. One must wash on these days as they are the sacred days of this method.

Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit): Bitter, cold, very cold, non-toxic. Treats eye heat, redness, pain, and stomach heat.

Qilinjie (Dragon's Blood): Sweet and salty, neutral, toxic. Mildly breaks up accumulated blood. Ri Huazi states this drug acts quickly and should not be used in large amounts.

Longnao (Borneol): Acrid and bitter, slightly cold. Another view says warm/neutral, non-toxic. Mainly brightens the eyes, removes redness/skin of the eye. Haiyao cites Tao Hongjing: Treats internal and external cataracts/opacities. There is also "Canglongnao" (Green Dragon Brain); using it for eye drops causes injury. Selection is crucial.

Zhike (Aurantii Fructus): Bitter and sour, slightly cold, non-toxic. Stops wind pain. Ri Huazi states it dispels wind, brightens the eyes, and benefits lung qi. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Use one liang of Zhike, pound into powder, decoct like tea to brighten the eyes.

Qinpi (Fraxinus Bark): Bitter, slightly cold, very cold, non-toxic. Dispels wind and clears heat. For green opacities and white membranes in the eyes, decoct to wash the eyes. *Yaoxing Lun*: Mainly brightens the eyes, removes long-standing heat from the liver, redness/swelling/pain of both eyes, and wind-induced tearing. Decoct one sheng of Qinpi in water, clarify, and wash red eyes when cold for extreme efficacy. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats red eyes and ulcers on the eyeball. Soak one liang of Qinpi in one sheng of clear water in a white bowl for more than the time of one meal in spring/summer until a green color appears. Wrap around the tip of a chopstick, lie supine, and apply to the affected eye. Start washing from the outer canthus filling the eye. Mild pain is not feared. After three to five meals, lie on the side, drain the hot fluid. Apply ten times daily. Recovery occurs within two days. Also treats opacities after redness subsides. Chop one liang of Qinpi, boil in one sheng five he of water until seven he remain, clarify, and soak the eyes.

Moyao (Myrrh): Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats opacities/dizziness/pain in the eyes, redness of the skin.

Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis): Bitter and sour, neutral, non-toxic. Treats wind in the lung zang. *Boji Fang*: Treats wind-toxin attacking the eyes causing unbearable swelling, itching, dryness, and pain. Or redness/ulceration of upper/lower eyelids, floating opacities, and granulation tissue invading the pupil. Formula: Shenxiao Qufeng San. One liang Wubeizi, one and a half liang Manjingzi, pound together into powder. Take two qian per dose, decoct in two zhan of water in a copper/stone vessel until one zhan remains. Filter, wash with the hot liquid, save the dregs. Repeat the washing for the second dose. Greatly brightens the eyes and removes dryness/itching.

Mimenghua (Buddleja Flower): Sweet, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats Qingmang (blindness), skin opacities, redness/dryness, excessive discharge/tearing, eliminates red vessels in the eyes, and treats malnutrition attacking the eyes.

Helale (Chebula Fruit): Bitter, warm, non-toxic. *Tujing Bencao*: Take its seed, mix with white honey, grind, and drip into the eyes. Extremely effective for wind-induced redness/dryness/pain.

Shinan (Rhododendron Leaf): Acrid and bitter, contains toxicity. Can expel various winds.

Gouteng (Uncaria Ramulus): Slightly cold, non-toxic.

Tuju Bai (Turkic White Substance): Bitter.

Huaimu (Locust Wood): *Qianjin Fang*: Treats liver red eyes. Take locust wood branches the size of a horse whip, two chi long, cut evenly. Add one spoonful of sesame oil to a copper mortar. Have a child grind the wood in the oil until dizzy. Lie the patient supine, apply to the eyes, three times daily for recovery. Another formula for brightening eyes and darkening hair: Soak locust seeds in ox gallbladders, dry in shade for one hundred days. Swallow one seed after meals. After ten days, the body feels light; after thirty days, white hair turns black; within one hundred days, spiritual clarity is achieved. *Shiyi Xinjing* Bright Eye Formula: Steam one jin of tender locust leaves as if preparing roasted liver, grind into powder, decoct like tea, and sip.

Moujingmu (Vitex Wood): *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats sudden eye pain. Burn vitex wood to extract yellow juice, apply to the area.

Jishe Xiang (Clove): *Baopuzi*: Use this fragrance decocted with Huanglian and milk to treat eye diseases.

Kuzhu (Bitter Bamboo): Sun Simiao's *Shiji*: Treats redness/pain in the eyes like stabbing, inability to open. Caused by excess heat in the liver. Or generation of opacities. Mix five he of Kuzhu Li (bamboo sap) with two fen of Huanglian, wrap in cotton, soak overnight in the bamboo sap, and drip into the eyes several times to induce hot tears. All leafy bamboos can be decocted and drunk. Bamboo leaves generate the膏 (ointment) above the gallbladder.