经曰；冬三月，此谓闭藏，水冰地坼，无扰乎阳，早卧晚起，必待日光。夫中寒者，卒中天地
之寒气也。或冬月严凝之气，或三时暴客之寒。手足厥冷，脐腹绞痛，战悚昏迷，唇青口噤，面如
刀刮，引衣蜷卧，不渴。当分三阴治之。中脘痛属太阴，理中汤；脐腹痛属少阴，五积散；小腹痛
属厥阴，四逆
汤（倍附子，加吴萸）治之。先用灸熨之法，稍缓不救。如腹不痛，惟脉沉肢冷者，俗谓阴证伤寒
是也。医以房室受寒为论，若患人因平素斫丧肾虚而成，病时不犯，必坚执不伏，不肯服药；或以
他证外治，反乐从之，药亦怠缓，不满六日而死。呜呼！遇此之候，但根据方调理，勿以犯淫为论，
致病者疑惑。有初感乍寒乍热，脉弦似疟，犹能行动，失用附子温散，三、四日手指渐冷而毙。脉
迟紧或沉细涩，皆寒；坚弦或沉细为中寒。寒脉散者，死。有汗，尺脉迟滞，寒在下焦者，死。
主方 （回阳救急汤） 人参 白术 茯苓 半夏（姜制） 干姜（炮） 肉桂 附子（煨，去皮脐）
甘草（炙。各一钱） 陈皮（五分） 五味子（九粒） 加姜煎服。
上方通治中寒证，甚者倍附子。干呕吐痰涎白沫，加吴茱萸；无脉加猪胆汁一匙；泻甚加黄
、升麻；吐甚多加姜汁，次兼官桂、当归温血分，盖寒伤荣也。仓卒无药，用布条缠作圈放脐上，
中安炒盐，上以大艾炷三个，灸多壮，腹痛止为度。更灸气海（一穴，脐下一寸五分，二十壮）、丹田
（一穴，脐下二寸）、关元（一穴，脐下三寸。治脏结不可攻者及阴汗不止、腹胀肠鸣、面黑指甲
青，百余壮。量法。病患屈中指，中节两折纹尖为一寸。）
熨法 用食盐（一斤，炒热，）布二层包，熨腹脐痛处，冷即换（无盐，麦麸、灰、砂皆可。）
一法用吴茱萸二升，酒拌炒，煮热，以绢袋盛，或二、三合煮滚。入麸一升，盐一合炒，包熨
心腹及手足心，气通则止。姜葱熨（方见伤寒）。
一法用葱一握，束缚如饼，切去根叶，存白二寸许，先以火烙一遍，令通热，着病患脐上下，
以熨斗火熨之。先以麝香、硫黄安脐中尤妙，更作三、四饼，坏则换。手足温，微汗乃止。内服主方。
蒸脐法 麝香 半夏末 皂角末（各三分，）安脐中，上铺盐，灸二、七壮。
理中汤 治太阴中脘痛，自利不渴，寒多，腹痛泻，霍乱厥冷。
人参 白术 干姜 甘草（各二钱，病轻减）上加生姜煎服。
肾气动者，去术加桂二钱；吐多，去术加生姜三钱、丁香五分；利多，加木香一钱；小便涩，
加茯苓；渴加术；寒加姜；腹痛下利，加附子炮、二钱；霍乱转筋，加 石膏五钱。枳实理中丸
治寒实结胸，加茯苓、枳实，为末，蜜丸弹大，白汤下。
五积散 治少阴脐腹痛及感冒寒邪，头疼，身痛拘急，呕吐。不问外感风寒，内伤生冷，寒湿
客于经络，腰背酸疼，妇人经闭。
白芷 当归 川芎 陈皮 浓朴 苍术 白芍 枳壳 桔梗 半夏（制。各一钱）干姜 茯苓 官桂（各五分）
甘草（三分） 麻黄（冬八分，夏二分） 加生姜三片，葱头三个，煎服。
四逆汤 治厥阴小腹痛，太阴自利不渴，阴证脉沉，身痛（先服轻剂）。
附子（一枚，生，去皮脐，切作八片。）甘草（炙，六钱） 干姜（五钱） 分二剂，水煎温服，取汗。
茱萸四逆汤 治厥阴中寒，小腹痛甚。通脉四逆汤（前方倍加甘草）。
吴萸（泡） 附子（炮） 干姜（各二钱） 炙草（钱半）上加姜，水煎服。
附子散 中寒阴证，唇青面黑，身背强直，四肢厥冷，诸沉寒痼冷。
附子（制熟，二钱） 官桂 当归 白术 干姜 半夏（各七分） 姜（五片） 枣（二枚）煎服。
苏合香丸 治中风、中气、中寒，卒倒，口噤不省，暴感寒毒，脐腹绞痛，肢冷吐泻，心痛
痹疼，鬼祟邪恶，痨瘵传尸，疫疠秽气，岚瘴蛊疰，小儿急、慢惊风。每服男、妇一丸，小儿半丸
，生姜汁化开，姜汤调下。牙紧半丸擦，牙开灌之。如感冒风寒，咳嗽痰喘，姜、葱汤下。产后泄
泻、腹痛，一切风寒、怒气胸满等证，防雾露，酒服。火病戒服。
香附 白术 安息香（如无，以白豆蔻代） 檀香 木香 荜茇 犀角（另锉末） 沉香 诃子（肉。
各二两） 麝香 乳香 朱砂（水飞，重研） 苏合油（各一两） 冰片（五钱）
上各取真者，另研细末，次入麝、冰、油、砂，研匀加炼熟白蜜和。每丸重二钱，黄蜡浓封或
入小瓶，蜡封口，勿令泄气，勿湿润。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: The three months of winter are called "closing and storing." At this time, water freezes and the earth cracks; one should not disturb the Yang Qi. One should go to bed early and rise late, waiting until sunlight appears. What is referred to as "Zhong Han" (Cold Strike) is the sudden invasion by the cold qi of heaven and earth. This may be due to the severe condensing cold of winter or the violent guest-cold of the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. Symptoms include coldness of the hands and feet, colicky pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, trembling and coma, cyanosis of the lips, locked jaw, a face pale as if scraped by a knife, curling up while holding clothes, and absence of thirst. Treatment should be differentiated according to the Three Yin channels. Pain in the Zhongwan region belongs to Taiyin disease and is treated with Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); pain around the navel belongs to Shaoyin disease and is treated with Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder); pain in the lower abdomen belongs to Jueyin disease and is treated with Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) (with doubled dose of Fuzi and added Wuzhuyu). Initially, moxibustion and hot compress methods should be used; if the condition is slightly alleviated but not treated, it will become untreatable. If there is no abdominal pain, only a deep pulse and cold limbs, this is commonly known as Yin Syndrome Cold Damage. Physicians might attribute it to cold contracted during sexual intercourse; however, if the patient became ill due to chronic depletion of Kidney Jing from past excesses, without violating chastity during the illness, the physician must persistently refuse to prescribe medicine; or if other external treatments are adopted, the patient may willingly comply, but the medication is delayed, leading to death within six days. Alas! When encountering such symptoms, one should simply follow the formula for regulation and not discuss sexual misconduct, causing confusion to the patient. Some cases present with initial alternating chills and fever, a wiry pulse resembling malaria, where the patient can still move; if Fuzi is not used for warming and dispersing, the fingers will gradually turn cold, leading to death in three to four days. A slow, tight, deep, fine, or choppy pulse all indicate Cold; a firm, wiry, or deep-fine pulse indicates Zhong Han. A scattered pulse indicates death. Sweating with a sluggish Chi pulse and Cold in the Lower Jiao indicates death.
Main Formula (Huiyang Jiujitang - Return Yang Rescue Crisis Decoction): Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma processed with ginger), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma dried), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix praeparata, baked, skin and rootlet removed), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma roasted), each 1 qian; Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 5 fen; Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) 9 grains. Add fresh ginger and decoct for administration.
The above formula treats Zhong Han generally; for severe cases, double the dose of Fuzi. For dry retching with white phlegm and saliva, add Wuzhuyu; for absent pulse, add one spoonful of Zhu Danzhi (Porcine Bile); for severe diarrhea, add Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Shengma ( Cimicifugae Rhizoma); for severe vomiting, add more Jiangzhi (Fresh Ginger Juice), followed by Guanzi Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) to warm the Blood level, as Cold damages Ying (Nutritive Qi). In emergencies without medicine, wrap a cloth strip into a circle and place it on the navel, put fried salt in the center, and apply three large moxa cones on top. Moxa until the number of cones is sufficient, stopping when abdominal pain ceases. Additionally, moxa Qihai (one point, 1.5 cun below the navel, 20 cones), Dantian (one point, 2 cun below the navel), and Guanyuan (one point, 3 cun below the navel). Treats Zang-Jie (organ knotting) which cannot be purged, continuous sweating of the yin area, abdominal distension with borborygmus, black complexion, and cyanotic fingernails (over 100 cones). Measurement method: Have the patient bend the middle finger; the distance between the two creases of the middle joint equals 1 cun.
Hot Compress Method: Use 1 jin of salt, stir-fry until hot, wrap in two layers of cloth, and press over the painful abdominal and umbilical areas. Replace when cool. (If salt is unavailable, wheat bran, ash, or sand can be used.) Another method: Use 2 sheng of Wuzhuyu, mix with wine and stir-fry, then boil hot. Place in a silk bag, or boil 2-3 he of Wuzhuyu until boiling, add 1 sheng of wheat bran and 1 he of salt, stir-fry, wrap, and press over the heart/abdomen and palms/soles. Stop when Qi circulation resumes. Ginger-Scallion Hot Compress (Formula see Shanghan chapter): Take a handful of scallions, bind into a cake shape, cut off roots and green leaves, keeping about 2 cun of the white part. First, sear with fire until thoroughly hot, place above and below the patient's navel, and iron with a heated iron. It is excellent to first place Shexiang (Musk) and Liuhuang (Sulfur) in the navel. Make 3-4 cakes and replace when damaged. Stop when hands and feet are warm and slight sweating occurs. Administer internal main formula.
Navel Steaming Method: Shexiang (Musk), Banxia powder, Saojiao powder (each 3 fen). Place in the navel, cover with salt, and moxa 14 cones.
Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction): Treats Taiyin Zhong Han causing Zhongwan pain, spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, abundant Cold, abdominal pain with diarrhea, Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) with cold extremities.
Renshen, Baizhu, Ganjiang, Gancao (each 2 qian, reduce for mild cases). Add fresh ginger and decoct.
For moving Kidney Qi, remove Baizhu and add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) 2 qian; for excessive vomiting, remove Baizhu and add Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 3 qian, Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) 5 fen; for frequent diarrhea, add Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) 1 qian; for astringent urination, add Fuling; for thirst, add Baizhu; for Cold, add Ganjiang; for abdominal pain with diarrhea, add Paofuzi (Prepared Aconite) 2 qian; for Huoluan with muscle cramps, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 5 qian. Zhishi Lizhong Wan (Immature Bitter Orange Regulate the Middle Pill): Treats Han-Shi Jie-Xiong (Cold-Excess Chest Binding). Add Fuling and Zhishi, grind into powder, form pills with honey the size of beans, swallow with warm water.
Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder): Treats Shaoyin umbilical/abdominal pain and Cold Damage from exogenous Cold, headache, body pain with stiffness, vomiting. Regardless of exogenous Wind-Cold or endogenous injury from raw/cold food, Cold-Dampness lodging in meridians, soreness/pain of waist/back, amenorrhea in women.
Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Chenpi, Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Banxia (processed, each 1 qian); Ganjiang, Fuling, Guanzi Gui (each 5 fen); Gancao (3 fen); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (8 fen in winter, 2 fen in summer). Add 3 slices of fresh ginger and 3 scallion heads, decoct and administer.
Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction): Treats Jueyin lower abdominal pain, Taiyin spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, Yin syndrome with deep pulse, body pain (start with a mild dose).
Fuzi (one piece, raw, skin/rootlet removed, cut into 8 slices), Gancao (roasted, 6 qian), Ganjiang (5 qian). Divide into two doses, decoct in water, take warm, induce sweating.
Zhuyu Sini Tang (Evodia Frigidity Extremities Decoction): Treats Jueyin Zhong Han with severe lower abdominal pain. Tongmai Sini Tang (Unblock Pulse Sini Decoction) (Double the Gancao in the previous formula).
Wuzhuyu (soaked), Fuzi (prepared), Ganjiang (each 2 qian), Zhigancao (1.5 qian). Add fresh ginger, decoct in water and administer.
Fuzi San (Aconite Powder): Treats Zhong Han Yin syndrome, cyanotic lips and black face, rigidity of back and body, cold extremities, various entrenched Cold syndromes.
Fuzi (fully prepared/cooked, 2 qian), Guanzi Gui, Danggui, Baizhu, Ganjiang, Banxia (each 7 fen), Shengjiang (5 slices), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 2 pieces). Decoct and administer.
Suhe Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill): Treats Zhong Feng (Wind Stroke), Zhong Qi (Qi Strike), Zhong Han (Cold Strike), sudden collapse, locked jaw and unconsciousness, acute Cold-Toxin invasion, colicky abdominal pain, cold extremities with vomiting/diarrhea, Bi-pain of heart, evil spirits, Lao-Zhai (consumptive disease), Yi-Li (epidemic pestilence), foul air, Lan-Zhang (mountain miasma), Gu-Zhu (parasitic disease), pediatric acute/chronic convulsive wind. Dosage: Adults one pill, children half a pill. Dissolve in Fresh Ginger Juice, take with Ginger Water. For locked jaw, rub half a pill on teeth, then administer once open. For Wind-Cold with cough/phlegm/wheezing, take with Ginger-Scallion Water. For postpartum diarrhea/abdominal pain, all Wind-Cold/Anger-induced chest fullness, etc., protect against fog/dew, take with Wine. Contraindicated for Fire syndromes.
Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Baizhu, Anshixiang (Styrax), Tanxiang (Sandalwood), Muxiang, Bibo (Piperis Longi Fructus), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu, separately ground to powder), Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood), Hezi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus flesh, each 2 liang); Shexiang, Ruxiang (Boswelliae Resin), Zhusha (Cinnabar, water-ground and re-ground), Suheyou (Styrax Oil, each 1 liang); Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) (5 qian).
Take authentic ingredients, grind separately into fine powders. Then add Musk, Borneol, Styrax Oil, and Cinnabar, grind uniformly. Mix with refined white honey. Each pill weighs 2 qian. Seal thickly with yellow wax or store in small bottles sealed with wax. Prevent gas leakage and moisture.