夏尺六尺为步。（比营造尺五尺短二寸。）
商尺五尺为步。（即今营造尺。）
周尺八尺为步。（比营造尺五尺长一寸二分。）
钞尺即裁衣尺。（三尺是夏四尺，用四因三归。）
铜尺即量地尺。（比裁衣尺短四分。）
曲尺即营造尺。（比裁衣尺短六分，即商汤尺。）
商尺法天。（五尺为步，象天中数。）
夏尺法地。（六尺为步，象地中数。）
周尺法人。（八尺为步，以象纲常。）
（此下三尺，于营造尺减去二寸，是为真黄钟。）
纵黍尺。（九黍为寸，计八十一分。轩辕氏尺，宋尺宗之。）
横黍尺。（十黍为寸，计一百分。夏后氏尺，唐尺宗之。）
斜黍尺。（十黍为寸，九寸为尺。周景王尺，汉尺宗之。）
嘉量起于黄钟律龠。前汉志曰∶量本起于黄钟之龠。龠者，黄钟律之实也。（律龠，乐器
也，尺寸之数与黄钟同，容黍一千二百粒，是为半合。嘉量，量器也，其形圆，以铜为之，下有圆足
曰，上有两耳，量腹内径一尺四寸一分四厘微强，高深一尺， 内径一尺，高深一寸，耳内径二
寸五分，高深四寸，俱浓一分，造用夏尺。量腹容二十豆，是为一 ； 容四升，是为一豆；耳容
一十龠，是为一升。二图具律吕全书。）嘉量为器，端直以应绳者，表里上下，皆端直也；平正以应准
者，内外中边，皆平正也。后世好古之士，欲为此器者，八法之义，不可不知。八法者，律度量衡规
矩绳准也。此器体圆应规，函方应矩，端直应绳，平正应准，容受应量，轻重应衡，声音应律，八
法具焉，是为嘉量矣。
The Xia dynasty chi (traditional Chinese unit of length) used six chi to make one bu (pace/step). (This is two cun shorter than the Yingzao chi, which is five chi.)
The Shang dynasty chi used five chi to make one bu. (This is identical to the current Yingzao chi.)
The Zhou dynasty chi used eight chi to make one bu. (This is one cun and two fen longer than the five-chi Yingzao chi.)
The Chao chi is the same as the tailor's chi. (Three Chao chi equal four Xia chi; the calculation involves multiplying by four and then reducing.)
The Tong chi is the land-measuring chi. (It is four fen shorter than the tailor's chi.)
The Qu chi is the Yingzao chi. (It is six fen shorter than the tailor's chi, and is also known as the Chi of Tang of Shang.)
The Shang chi models Heaven. (Five chi make a bu, symbolizing the central number of Heaven.)
The Xia chi models Earth. (Six chi make a bu, symbolizing the central number of Earth.)
The Zhou chi models Humanity. (Eight chi make a bu, symbolizing ethical principles and social hierarchy.)
(The following three chi are derived by subtracting two cun from the Yingzao chi, representing the true length of the Huangzhong pitch pipe.)
The Zong Shu chi (Vertical Millet Chi): Nine millet grains width constitute one cun, totaling eighty-one fen. This is the Chi of Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor), upon which the Song dynasty chi was modeled.
The Heng Shu chi (Horizontal Millet Chi): Ten millet grains width constitute one cun, totaling one hundred fen. This is the Chi of Xiahou Shi (Yu the Great), upon which the Tang dynasty chi was modeled.
The Xie Shu chi (Diagonal Millet Chi): Ten millet grains width constitute one cun, with nine chi making one zhang. This is the Chi of King Jing of Zhou, upon which the Han dynasty chi was modeled.
The Jialiang (Standard Measure Vessel) originates from the capacity of the Huangzhong lü yue (pitch pipe vessel). The *Book of Han: Treatise on Music* states: "Measurement originated from the Yue of Huangzhong." The 'Yue' refers to the physical volume of the Huangzhong pitch pipe. (The Lüyue is a musical instrument; its dimensions correspond to those of Huangzhong, holding 1,200 millet grains, which constitutes half a ge. The Jialiang is a measuring vessel, circular in shape, made of bronze, with a round foot at the bottom and two ears at the top. The inner diameter of the vessel body is slightly more than one chi, four cun, one fen, and four li, with a depth of one chi; the inner diameter of the neck is one chi, with a depth of one cun; the inner diameter of the ears is two cun and five fen, with a depth of four cun. The wall thickness for all parts is one fen. These were manufactured using the Xia chi. The vessel body holds twenty dou, which equals one hu; one dou holds four sheng, which equals one dou; the ears hold ten yue, which equals one sheng. See the *Lülv Quanshu* for illustrations.) As an artifact, the Jialiang is upright and straight to comply with the plumb line (Sheng), meaning its exterior, interior, top, and bottom are all upright and straight; it is level and correct to comply with the water level (Zhun), meaning its interior, exterior, center, and edges are all level and correct. Scholars in later generations who wished to create such vessels must understand the Eight Methods. The Eight Methods refer to: Lü (Pitch), Liang (Volume), Du (Length), Heng (Weight), Gui (Compass), Ju (Square), Sheng (Plumb Line), and Zhun (Water Level). This vessel has a round body corresponding to the Gui (compass), contains square forms corresponding to the Ju (square), is upright and straight corresponding to the Sheng (plumb line), is level and correct corresponding to the Zhun (water level), has capacity corresponding to the Liang (volume), weight corresponding to the Heng (balance), and sound corresponding to the Lü (pitch). With these eight methods fully embodied, it becomes the Jialiang.