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The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian has sixty-three acupoints, including Jingming (BL1), Cuanzhu (BL2), and Qucha (BL3). Wuchu (BL4), Chengguang (BL5), and Tongtian (BL7) are connected; Luoque (BL8), Yuzhen (BL9), and Tianzhu (BL10) are on the sides. Dazhu (BL11) and Fengmen (BL12) lead to Feishu (BL13); Jueyinshu (BL14), Xinshu (BL15), Geshu (BL17), Ganshu (BL18), and Danshu (BL19) are located in sequence. Pishu (BL20), Weishu (BL21), Sanjiaoshu (BL22), and Shenshu (BL23) follow; Dachangshu (BL25), Xiaochangshu (BL27), and Pangguangshu (BL28) are also here. Zhonglü Neishu (BL29) and Baihuanshu (BL30) are both in the second row, approximately two cun from the midline of the spine. Shangliao (BL31), Ciliao (BL32), Zhongliao (BL33), and Xialiao (BL34) are arranged sequentially downwards; Huiyang (BL35) should be taken towards the side of the sacrum. Fufen (BL16) is in the third row, corresponding to three and a half cun below the second vertebral prominence. Pohu (BL42), Gaohuang (BL43), and Shentang (BL44), as well as Ge Guan (BL45) and Hunmen (BL47), are on the sides. Yanggang (BL48), Yishe (BL49), and Weicang (BL50), along with Huangmen (BL51), Zhishi (BL52), and Baohuang (BL53), are connected. Zhibian (BL54), Chengfu (BL36), and Yinmen (BL37) are acupoints; Fupi (BL38) is adjacent to Weizhong (BL40). Heyang (BL39) is below Weizhong (BL40); Chengjin (BL56) and Chengshan (BL57) are arranged in length. Feiyang (BL58) and Fuyang (BL59) reach Kunlun (BL60); Pucan (BL61) and Shenmai (BL62) pass through Jinmen (BL63). Jinggu (BL64) and Shugu (BL65) are near Tonggu (BL66); Zhidao (BL67) is sought on the lateral side of the little toe.

Jingming (BL1) (also known as Leikong) is located one fen outside the inner canthus of the eye, in the depression. The commentary on *Qifu Lun* states: It is the meeting point of the Hand-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Yangming, Yin-Qiao, and Yang-Qiao meridians. Needle 1.5 fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions. *Jia Yi Jing* says: needle six fen. Another view prohibits moxibustion.
Indications include eye pain and blurred vision, tearing upon exposure to wind, pterygium, white corneal opacity with itching, and phthisis oculi; headache and vertigo. For treating nyctalopia, the needle may be retained for a long time and then quickly removed.
*Xixiong Fu* states: If treatment for eye diseases is ineffective, Hegu (LI4) and Guangming (GB37) must not be omitted.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Xingjian (LR2), it can treat nyctalopia and excessive sweating.
*Lingguang Fu* states: Treats pterygium.

Cuanzhu (BL2) (also known as Shiguang, Yuanzhu, Yeguang, Guangming) is located in the depression at the medial end of the eyebrow. Needle one fen, retain for six breaths; moxibustion is not suitable. *Jia Yi Jing* says: moxa three moxibustions. *Mingtang* suggests using a fine three-edged needle to puncture it, venting heat qi to brighten the eyes; it is appropriate to needle three fen to bleed.
Indications include blurred vision, tearing and vertigo, itching of the pupil, redness and pain in the eyes, and twitching of the cheek and face preventing sleep.
*Yulong Fu* states: Combined with Touwei (ST8), it treats eye pain and headache.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Sanjian (LI3), it can treat indistinct vision ("momo").
*Tongxuan Fu* states: Drains this point for dizziness and red eyes.

Qucha (BL4) (also known as Bichong) is located one cun and five fen lateral to Shenting (GV24), entering the hairline; take it with the head upright. Needle two fen, moxa three or five moxibustions.
Indications include blurred vision, headache and nasal congestion, foul-smelling nasal discharge, vertex headache, mental restlessness, fever, and inability to sweat.

Wuchu (BL4) is five fen posterior to Qucha (BL4), flanking Shangxing (GV23) one cun and five fen laterally. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. *Jia Yi Jing* says: moxibustion is prohibited.
Indications include stiff neck and opisthotonos, convulsions and epilepsy, headache with upward-gazing eyes and vertigo, and blurred vision.

Chengguang (BL5) is one cun and five fen posterior to Wuchu (BL4). The commentary on *Shuire Xuelun* says: one cun posterior to Wuchu (BL4). *Jia Yi Jing* says: two cun posterior to Wuchu (BL4). Needle three fen; moxibustion is prohibited.
Indications include wind-dizziness due to wind-pathogen, vomiting, irritability, nasal congestion and obstruction, corneal opacity, and facial deviation.

Tongtian (BL7) (also known as Tianjiu) is one cun and five fen posterior to Chengguang (BL5). One view states it is one cun and five fen lateral to Baihui (GV20) horizontally. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions.
Indications include spinning vertigo and neck pain, inability to turn the head, nasal congestion, hemifacial paralysis, epistaxis, heavy head, tinnitus, manic running, convulsions, confusion, amblyopia, and internal eye disorders.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For goiter and facial swelling, moxa fifty moxibustions.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: It can remove the suffering of anosmia.

Luoque (BL8) (also known as Qiangyang, Naogai) is one cun and five fen posterior to Tongtian (BL7). *Jia Yi Jing* says: one cun and three fen. Needle three fen, retain for five breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view prohibits needling.
Indications include spinning vertigo and facial deviation, nasal congestion, neck swelling and goiter, internal eye disorders, and tinnitus.

Yuzhen (BL9) is one cun and five fen posterior to Luoque (BL8). *Jia Yi Jing* says: seven fen posterior to Luoque (BL8), flanking Naohu (GV17) one cun and three fen laterally, rising from the occipital bone muscle, entering the posterior hairline three cun. (Note: According to *Jia Yi Jing*, these measurements do not align with those of the Du Meridian.) Needle three fen, retain for three breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view prohibits needling.
Indications include severe eye pain as if the eyes were falling out, inability to see far, headache and neck pain, nasal congestion and loss of smell.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For excessive sweating and chills/fever, moxa fifty moxibustions, needle three fen.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Connected to Xinhui (GV22), it treats wind-headache.

Tianzhu (BL10) is located lateral to the large tendon at the back of the neck, in the depression at the hairline. Needle two fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view says needle five fen; moxibustion is prohibited.
Indications include spinning vertigo and brain pain, nasal congestion and tearing, stiff neck, shoulder and back pain, weakness of the legs unable to support the body, closing of the eyes and unwillingness to look.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Connected to Yanglao (SI5), it treats blurred vision. It also states: Connected to Shugu (BL65), it treats stiff neck and aversion to wind.

Dazhu (BL11) is below the first cervical vertebra at the back of the neck, in the depression two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. *Hai Lun* states: The transport point of the Chong Mai is above at Dazhu (BL11). The commentary on *Qixue Lun* states: It is the connection of the Du Mai and the meeting of the Hand-Taiyang and Foot-Taiyang meridians. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa five or seven moxibustions. One view prohibits moxibustion; unless there is a great emergency, moxibustion should not be performed.
Indications include cold damage with inability to sweat, stiffness and pain of the waist, spine, neck, and back preventing lying down, throat obstruction with fullness and irritability, malaria with headache and cough, fever and vertigo, epilepsy with tendon spasms and convulsions, and knee pain with inability to flex or extend. When treating malaria with full and large pulses, needle this point and bleed the Jing-Well points; needle according to the patient's leanness or plumpness. If ineffective, needle Weizhong (BL40) and Fengmen (BL12) for immediate relief.
*Xixiong Fu* states: If Dazhu (BL11) is combined with Changqiang (GV1), needle immediately for small intestine qi pain.

Fengmen (BL12) (also known as Refu) is below the second thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine on both sides; take it sitting upright. It is the meeting of the Du Mai and Foot-Taiyang. It is the "Heat Mansion."
Needle five fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa five moxibustions.
Indications include cold damage with headache and stiff neck, closing of the eyes, sneezing, chest heat, retching, upper abdominal distension, asthma, restless sleep, fever and jaundice, and carbuncles and sores on the back. This point can vent heat qi from the whole body; regular moxibustion prevents carbuncles, sores, and scabies forever.
*Shennong Jing* says: For wind-cold with cough, headache, and clear nasal discharge, moxa fourteen moxibustions; it also treats headache, wind-dizziness, and unceasing epistaxis.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For ascending qi, shortness of breath, retching, and penetrating chest and back pain, moxa one hundred moxibustions.

Feishu (BL13) is below the third thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Alternatively, place hands on the back, taking the right side with the left hand and vice versa; the point is where the middle finger ends; take it sitting upright. *Qianjin Fang* says: Feishu (BL13) corresponds to the nipple; measure with a rope. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view says moxa one hundred moxibustions. *Suwen* states: Piercing the lung causes death in three days.
Indications include five labors, tuberculosis with bone-steaming, wind-lung and lung collapse, cough and vomiting, upper abdominal distension and asthma, deficiency irritability, dry mouth, vertigo, flank fullness, inability to sweat, stiff and painful waist and spine, hunchback like a turtle, chills and fever, goiter, and jaundice. This point primarily drains heat from the five zang organs, similar to the treatment of the five zang shu points.
*Shennong Jing* says: For cough with blood-stained sputum, bone-steaming consumption, moxa fourteen moxibustions.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For vomiting blood and bloody sputum, ascending qi, retching, throat obstruction, moxa according to age. For shortness of breath and inability to speak, moxa one hundred moxibustions. For water flooding with gurgling sound in the mouth, moxa Feishu (BL13) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) according to age. For goiter swelling, ascending qi, and shortness of breath, moxa one hundred moxibustions. For night sweats, chills, fever, and aversion to cold, moxa according to age, needle five fen.
*Yulong Fu* states: Combined with Fenglong (ST40), it treats phlegm-cough.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Tantu (CV22), it treats continuous coughing.
*Qiankun Shengyi* states: Together with Daodao (GV11), Shenzhu (GV12), and Gaohuang (BL43), it is a crucial method for treating deficiency injuries, five labors, and seven injuries.

Jueyinshu (BL14) is below the fourth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. (This point appears in *Shantiao Jing*, but is absent in *Jia Yi Jing*.) Needle three fen, moxa seven moxibustions.
Indications include retching, toothache, heart pain with chest binding, vomiting, and irritability.
*Qianjin Fang* says: It governs diaphragmatic qi in the chest, accumulation and frequent vomiting; moxa according to age.

Xinshu (BL15) is below the fifth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths. According to *Jia Yi Jing*, moxibustion is prohibited, so physicians generally believe it can be needled but not moxaed. However, they do not realize that piercing the heart causes death in one day, which is warned against in *Suwen*; how can one easily change this? *Qianjin Fang* states that for wind striking the heart, urgently moxa Xinshu (BL15) one hundred moxibustions and administer Xuming Tang; for retching and inability to eat, moxa one hundred moxibustions. Thus, one must weigh the urgency.
Indications include hemiplegia due to wind, food impaction with accumulation and alternating cold and heat, mental confusion and irritability, palpitations with inability to sweat, stroke with inability to lie flat, sudden fainting with epilepsy, weeping, vomiting, hemoptysis, mania, and forgetfulness. This point primarily drains heat from the five zang organs, similar to the five zang shu points.
*Shennong Jing* says: For children with insufficient qi who cannot speak after several years, moxa five moxibustions, with moxa cones the size of wheat grains.
*Yulong Fu* states: Combined with Shenshu (BL23), it treats nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency and lower back weakness.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Shendao (GV11), it treats frequent spontaneous onset of wind-epilepsy.
*Kuaijie Fangshi* says: Treats melancholic dysphagia.
One transmission governs tonifying deficiency of the heart with nocturnal emission and night sweats.

Geshu (BL17) is below the seventh thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. It is the Hui-Meeting point of Blood. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view says moxa up to one hundred moxibustions.
Indications include heart pain and generalized bi-syndrome, sudden pain of the diaphragm and stomach due to cold-phlegm, chest fullness and急促 breathing, vomiting and reverse flow of food, masses and accumulations, qi and blood lumps, retching, swelling and pain of the four limbs, lethargy and desire to lie down, bone-steaming and throat obstruction, fever with inability to sweat, inability to eat, and abdominal and hypochondriac fullness. As the Hui-Meeting of Blood, all blood diseases should be treated with moxibustion, such as unceasing hematemesis and epistaxis, deficiency injury with fainting, reckless bleeding due to blood-heat, vomiting blood from the Heart and Lung meridians, and unceasing bloody stool due to visceral toxicity.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For abdominal distension and hypochondriac fullness, moxa one hundred moxibustions, repeated three times. Also treats retching and inability to eat, eating today and vomiting tomorrow; moxa one hundred moxibustions.

Ganshu (BL18) is below the ninth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. Needle three fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions. *Suwen* states: Piercing the liver causes death in five days.
Indications include shortness of breath, hemoptysis, excessive anger, hypochondriac fullness and oppression, cough drawing pain to the bilateral ribs, back, and spine, difficulty breathing, difficulty turning, opisthotonos with upward gaze, fright, mania, epistaxis, vertigo, pain following the eyebrow ridge, jaundice, sour nose, tearing after fever subsides, various eye diseases, heat-pain with opacity, eye issues caused by eating pungent foods after fever recovery, vomiting blood, hernia with tendon spasms pulling inward, and calf cramps pulling into the abdomen. This point primarily drains heat from the five zang organs, similar to the five zang shu points.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For vomiting blood and emaciation, moxa one hundred moxibustions. For chest fullness and abdominal accumulation pain, moxa one hundred moxibustions. For shortness of breath and inability to speak, moxa one hundred moxibustions.
*Yulong Fu* states: For dim vision and blood extravasation, Ganshu (BL18) distinguishes deficiency and excess.
*Biaoyou Fu* states: Combined with Mingmen (GV4), it enables the blind to see the finest hairs.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Shaoze (SI1), it can treat pterygium.
One transmission treats qi pain, stiff neck, and acid regurgitation.

Danshu (BL19) is below the tenth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. Needle five fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. *Suwen* states: Piercing the gallbladder causes death in one and a half days.
Indications include headache, chills, inability to sweat, axillary swelling, abdominal and chest fullness, dry and bitter mouth, sore throat, vomiting, reverse flow of food and inability to eat, bone-steaming consumption fever, yellow eyes, and hypochondriac pain preventing turning.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Yanggang (BL48), it can treat yellow eyes.
*Kuaijie Fangshi* says: Combined with Geshu (BL17), it treats consumptive dysphagia.

Pishu (BL20) is below the eleventh thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. *Suwen* states: Piercing the spleen causes death in ten days.
Indications include masses and accumulations, hypochondriac fullness, malaria with chills and fever, jaundice, abdominal distension and pain, vomiting or refusal to eat, undigested food, excessive eating and drinking, irritability and lethargy, daily emaciation, diarrhea and dysentery, frequent yawning, heavy body, and inability to move the four limbs. This point primarily drains heat from the five zang organs, similar to the five zang shu points.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For indigestion, diarrhea and dysentery leading to lack of flesh, abdominal distension and edema, moxa according to age, repeated three times. For deficiency consumption with hematuria and turbid urine, moxa one hundred moxibustions.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Tinggong (SI19), it removes sadness in the epigastrium. Also combined with Pangguangshu (BL28), it treats spleen deficiency with undigested grain and food.
*Kuaijie Fangshi* says: Treats thinking-related dysphagia and food-related dysphagia.
One transmission treats edema and drum-like distension, qi-fullness and diarrhea lasting for years, and long-standing accumulated masses with distension and pain.

Weishu (BL21) is below the twelfth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view says moxa according to age.
Indications include stomach cold with retching, reverse flow of food and cholera-like disorder, abdominal distension and flank fullness, emaciated skin and muscles, borborygmus and abdominal pain with anorexia, stiff spine and tendon spasms, childhood emaciation with poor appetite and failure to gain flesh, childhood dysentery with red and white discharge, rectal prolapse in late autumn, unbearable abdominal pain, with moxa cones the size of large barley grains.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Hunmen (BL47), it treats cold stomach with undigested food.
One transmission treats edema and drum-like distension, qi-blockage with anorexia, chronic diarrhea, and long-standing accumulated masses.

Sanjiaoshu (BL22) is below the thirteenth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. Needle five fen, moxa three moxibustions; one view says three fen and five moxibustions.
Indications include cold damage with fever and headache, retching, stiff shoulders and back, stiff waist and spine with inability to bend or extend, visceral accumulations, abdominal distension and diaphragmatic blockage, undigested food, emaciation, indistinguishable food and water, abdominal pain and dysentery, borborygmus, and vertigo.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For lower abdomen hard and large like a plate, chest and abdominal fullness, undigested food, and women with uterine masses and emaciation, moxa Sanjiaoshu (BL22) one hundred moxibustions, repeated three times, and still moxa Qihai (CV6) one hundred moxibustions. It also states: Governs accumulations of the five zang and six fu organs, epigastric fullness, waist and spine pain, retching with chills and fever, and difficult urination; moxa according to age. Also treats hematuria, moxa one hundred moxibustions.

Shenshu (BL23) is below the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, level with the umbilicus, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it sitting upright. (*Suwen: Xuqi Xingzhi Pian* contains the measurement of the five zang shu points, seen in Meridians Category 11.) Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view says moxa according to age. *Suwen* states: Piercing the kidney causes death in six days.
Indications include deficiency consumption and emaciation, yellow-black complexion, deafness, kidney deficiency with long-term cold of the water organ, lower back pain, nocturnal emission and seminal leakage, cramped and urgent knees and feet, fever, heavy head, chills, abdominal distension, fullness and pain in the bilateral hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen, shortness of breath, hematuria, turbid stool and loose stools, red and white leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, vaginal pain, five labors and seven injuries, extreme weakness, cold feet like ice, profuse diarrhea with undigested food, body swelling like water, long-standing qi pain in men and women transforming into consumption disease. This point primarily drains heat from the five zang organs, similar to the five zang shu points.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For wind-deficiency in the kidney area, moxa one hundred moxibustions. For turbid urine, nocturnal emission and seminal leakage, moxa one hundred moxibustions. It also states: Shenshu (BL23) governs deficiency consumption of the five zang organs, tense and hot lower abdomen; moxa fifty moxibustions, reduced for old and young. If cold-deficiency, moxa one hundred moxibustions, horizontally spaced three intervals. For diabetes with dry mouth, combine with Yaomu (BL23 auxiliary point) to moxa. For hematuria, moxa one hundred moxibustions. For edema from all diseases, moxa one hundred moxibustions.
*Yulong Fu* states: Combined with Mingmen (GV4), it treats frequent urination in the elderly. Also combined with Xinshu (BL15), it treats nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency and lower back weakness.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Juque (CV14), it removes stagnant blood in the chest and diaphragm.
*Tongxuan Fu* states: It can drain all pain in the waist and thighs.
One transmission treats excessive sexual desire, deficiency swelling, ear pain, and tinnitus.

Dachangshu (BL25) is below the sixteenth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it prone. Needle three fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions.
Indications include stiff spine with inability to bend or extend, lower back pain and abdominal distension, cutting pain around the navel, intestinal dysentery, undigested food, and difficulty with urination and defecation.
*Qianjin Fang* says: For distension with rumbling sounds, moxa one hundred moxibustions, repeated three times.
*Lingguang Fu* states: Treats bowel diseases.

Xiaochangshu (BL27) is below the eighteenth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it prone. Needle three fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions.
Indications include scanty fluids of the Bladder and Sanjiao, red and difficult urination, dribbling and enuresis, lower abdominal distension and stabbing pain, dysentery with pus and blood, swollen feet, irritability, shortness of breath, pain from the five types of hemorrhoids, and leukorrhea in women. *Qianjin Fang* says: For acute diarrhea and five types of dysentery with pus, blood, and abdominal pain, moxa one hundred moxibustions. It also governs cold and heat of the Sanjiao and Bladder, red and white profuse diarrhea, waist and spine pain, difficult urination, and turbid leukorrhea; moxa fifty moxibustions. For unbearable thirst and dry mouth due to diabetes, moxa one hundred moxibustions, horizontally spaced three intervals.
*Lingguang Fu* states: Treats urinary diseases.

Pangguangshu (BL28) is below the nineteenth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it prone. Needle three fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions. One view says seven moxibustions.
Indications include red and astringent urination, enuresis and diarrhea, lower back and abdominal pain, yin sores, cold and weak knees and feet, and uterine masses in women.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Pishu (BL20), it treats spleen deficiency with undigested grain and food.

Zhonglü Neishu (BL29) (also known as Ji Neishu) is below the twentieth thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine, between the raised muscles flanking the spine; take it prone. Needle three fen, retain for six breaths, moxa three moxibustions.
Indications include kidney deficiency with diabetes, stiff and painful waist and spine with inability to bend or extend, cold intestines with red and white dysentery, hernia pain, inability to sweat, and hypochondriac and abdominal distension.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Daodao (GV11), it treats seasonal fevers during epidemics.
*Kuaijie Fangshi* says: Governs lower back pain involving the spine; pressing from the posterior neck to this point reveals pain, and moxibustion brings immediate relief.

Baihuanshu (BL30) is below the twenty-first thoracic vertebra, two cun lateral to the midline of the spine; take it prone. Needle five fen, moxa three moxibustions. *Jia Yi Jing* says: needle eight fen; when qi arrives, reduce; after reducing, tonify significantly; moxibustion is prohibited.
Indications include lower back and spine pain preventing sitting or lying down, hernia pain, numbness of hands and feet, difficulty with urination and defecation, warm malaria, tendon spasms and bi-contraction, and deficiency heat with blockage. One view states indications include nocturnal emission and turbid urine, kidney deficiency lower back pain; reduce first then tonify; reduce for red leukorrhea, tonify for white leukorrhea, and also tonify for irregular menstruation.
*Bai Zheng Fu* states: Combined with Weizhong (BL40), it greatly verifies the treatment of back-connected lower back pain.

Shangliao (BL31) is one cun below the iliac crest, in the first empty depression on both sides of the spine. The commentary on *Mici Lun* states: There are four empty bones below the waist flanking the sacrum, which are these four Liao points. The commentary on *Ci Yaotong Pian* states: Shangliao (BL31) is in the depression below the iliac crest; the other three Liao points are slightly oblique and depressed upon pressing. (The iliac crest refers to the bones rising on both sides of the lumbar spine below the sixteenth thoracic vertebra.) It is the collateral of the Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Shaoyang meridians. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa seven moxibustions.
Indications include difficulty with urination and defecation, retching, cold pain in the waist and knees, chills and fever with malaria, epistaxis, infertility in women, itching and pain in the vagina, uterine prolapse, and red and white leukorrhea.

Ciliao (BL32) is in the second empty depression on both sides of the spine. Needle three fen, retain for seven breaths, moxa seven moxibustions. One view says three moxibustions.
Indications include difficult, red, and obstructed urination and defecation, hardness and distension in the epigastrium, lower back pain with cold feet, hernia qi descending with unbearable pain radiating to the yin, borborygmus and diarrhea, and red and white leukorrhea.

Zhongliao (BL33) is in the third empty depression on both sides of the spine. Needle two fen, retain for ten breaths, moxa three moxibustions.
Indications include five labors and seven injuries, difficulty with urination and defecation, abdominal distension with undigested food diarrhea, scanty menstruation and leukorrhea in women, and irregular menstruation.

Xialiao (BL34) is in the fourth empty depression on both sides of the spine. The commentary by Wang on *Ci Yaotong Pian* and *Mici Lun* both state that the branch of the Foot-Jueyin connects with the Foot-Taiyin and Foot-Shaoyang...