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(From "Ling Shu: Lun Ji Zhen Chi Chapter")

If the eyes appear red, the disease is located in the Heart; if white, in the Lungs; if blue/green, in the Liver; if yellow, in the Spleen; if black, in the Kidneys. If the yellow color is indistinct or indescribable, the disease is located in the chest cavity. (The five zang and six fu organs have the eyes as their external manifestations; thus, the five colors of the eyes reflect diseases of their corresponding internal organs respectively. The Spleen corresponds to the central region (Zhongzhou), and the chest cavity is the domain shared by the Spleen and Lungs.)

When diagnosing eye pain: if red vessels extend from top to bottom, it indicates Taiyang Disease (disease of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian); if from bottom to top, it indicates Yangming Disease (disease of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian); if moving from outside inward, it indicates Shaoyang Disease (disease of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian). (The Foot-Taiyang Meridian covers the upper network of the eye, so red vessels extending downward indicate Taiyang Disease. The Foot-Yangming Meridian covers the lower network of the eye, so red vessels extending upward indicate Yangming Disease. The Foot-Shaoyang Meridian runs posterior to the lateral canthus, so movement from outside inward indicates Shaoyang Disease.)

When diagnosing alternating chills and fever: if red vessels extend vertically to the pupil, seeing one vessel predicts death within one year; seeing one and a half vessels predicts death within one and a half years; seeing two vessels predicts death within two years; seeing two and a half vessels predicts death within two and a half years; seeing three vessels predicts death within three years. (This refers to pathogens entering the Yin aspect causing alternating chills and fever. One should evert the eyelids to observe: if there are red vessels resembling red threads penetrating downward through the pupil, the proximity of death can be determined by their quantity. The text in the "Alternating Chills and Fever" chapter is identical, but that section specifically discusses chills and fever caused by toxicity from scrofula, whereas this section discusses chills and fever alone; the principle is the same. See Disease Category 90 for details.)

When diagnosing toothache due to dental caries: palpate the arrival of Yang meridians; if there is an excess, there will be isolated heat. Heat on the left indicates heat on the left side; heat on the right indicates heat on the right side; heat above indicates heat above; heat below indicates heat below. (Dental caries causes toothache. The Foot-Yangming Meridian enters the upper teeth, and the Hand-Yangming Meridian enters the lower teeth. Therefore, when palpating the arrival of Yang meridian qi, the meridian with excessive pulse qi will be distinctly hot, and the location of heat (left/right/upper/lower) can be identified according to its anatomical region. 'Qu' is pronounced like 'Qiu Yu'.)

When diagnosing blood vessels: many red colors indicate much heat; many blue/green colors indicate much pain; many black colors indicate chronic Bi Syndrome (long-standing obstruction/pain). If red, black, and blue/green colors are all prominently present, it indicates mixed cold and heat. ('Blood vessels' here refer to the collateral vessels of various parts. The presence of red, black, and blue/green represents the mutual victory of Yin and Yang colors, hence either cold or heat.')

Body pain with slightly yellow complexion, yellowish dental plaque, and yellow nail beds indicate Jaundice Disease (Huang Dan). The patient lies still, urine is yellow and red, the pulse is small and choppy, and there is poor appetite. (Jaundice is a yellow disease. There are Yin and Yang types of jaundice; a small and choppy pulse indicates Yin Jaundice. Yin Jaundice results from weak Spleen Earth, leading to poor appetite. See Disease Category 59 for details.)

When a person is ill, if the Cun Kou pulse (Radial artery at the wrist) and the Ren Ying pulse (Carotid artery at the neck) are equal in magnitude and depth (floating/sinking), the disease is difficult to cure. (Cun Kou reflects Yin, Ren Ying reflects Yang. Thus, in Spring and Summer, Ren Ying is slightly larger; in Autumn and Winter, Cun Kou is slightly larger, reflecting the distinction between Yin/Yang and Interior/Exterior. If Cun Kou and Ren Ying are equal in size and depth, it indicates bias toward either Yin or Yang, which is why the disease is hard to resolve. This is similar to the 'Five Colors' chapter, see item 32 previously.)

If the Hand-Shaoyin pulse (Heart Meridian pulse) beats strongly in a woman, she is pregnant. (Hand-Shaoyin refers to the Heart pulse at the Left Cun position. This is consistent with the statement in 'Ping Ren Qi Xiang Lun', see item 23 previously.)

If an infant is ill and all head hairs grow upward against the grain, death is inevitable. (Infants develop gradually, with Kidney Water as the root; hair is the flourishing manifestation of Kidney Water. Head hairs growing upward indicates insufficient Water, causing dry and scorched hair, standing stiffly like dead grass. Laozi said: Humans are soft and supple when alive, but rigid and stiff when dead; plants and trees are tender and fragile when living, but withered and brittle when dead. Thus, rigidity belongs to the path of death, while suppleness belongs to the path of life. This applies here. However, this refers to cases where illness has already occurred; if head hairs grow upward without illness, it is not necessarily an auspicious sign.)

If green/blue vessels appear between the ears, it causes pulling pain. (The ear is the pathway of the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Green/blue is the color of the Jueyin Liver. The Liver and Gallbladder are exterior-interior pairs; green/blue indicates pain, and the Liver governs sinews, hence pulling pain. 'Che' is pronounced like 'Che'.)

Stool containing blood clots and undigested food (Sun Xie / Watery Diarrhea with undigested food), with a small pulse, and cold hands and feet, is difficult to cure. If Sun Xie occurs with a small pulse but warm hands and feet, the diarrhea is easy to cure. ('Chi Ban' refers to blood impurities congealed into strips or pieces. Blood clots in watery diarrhea indicate Fire pathogen residing in the Blood aspect. If the pulse is small and hands/feet are cold, this is a contradiction between pulse and symptoms, making it difficult to cure. If there is only watery diarrhea without blood clots, it is not a Fire syndrome; although the pulse is small, warm hands/feet indicate that the Spleen governs the four limbs and Spleen Qi is still harmonious, hence easy to cure. 'Ban' should be read as 'Bran/Petal', like melon rind. 'Sun' is pronounced like 'Sun'.)

Changes of the four seasons, alternation of cold and heat: Heavy Yin must transform into Yang, Heavy Yang must transform into Yin. Thus, Yin governs Cold, Yang governs Heat. Therefore, extreme Cold generates Heat, and extreme Heat generates Cold. Hence it is said: Cold generates Heat, Heat generates Cold. This is the transformation of Yin and Yang. Thus: Injury by Cold in Winter leads to Hot Disease (Dan Re) in Spring; Injury by Wind in Spring leads to Post-diarrhea and Intestinal Dysentery (Hou Xie Chang Pi) in Summer; Injury by Summer-heat in Summer leads to Malaria in Autumn; Injury by Dampness in Autumn leads to Cough in Winter. This is called the order of the four seasons. (Qi of Yin and Yang, when reaching extremity, must change; thus extreme Cold generates Heat, extreme Heat generates Cold. This is the way of waxing and waning and mutual replacement in the four seasons of Heaven and Earth. The meaning of this section is largely identical to 'Yin Yang Ying Xiang Lun', see Yin Yang Category 1. 'Dan' is pronounced like 'Dan', referring to warm-hot diseases. 'Pi' is pronounced like 'Pi'. 'Li' is pronounced like 'Jie'.)