（素问五脏生成篇）
夫脉之小大滑涩浮沉，可以指别；（小者细小，阴阳俱不足也。大者豁大，阳强阴弱也。滑者往来流利，血实气壅也。
涩者往来艰难，气滞血少也。浮者轻取，所以候表。沉者重按，所以候里。夫如是者得之于手，应之于心，故可以指而
分别也。）五脏之象，可以类推；（象，气象也。肝象木之曲直而应在筋，心象火之炎上而应在脉，脾象土之安静而应在
肉，肺象金之坚敛而应在皮毛，肾象水之润下而应在髓骨。凡若此者，脏象之辨，各有所主，皆可以类而推也。）五脏相
音，可以意识；（相，形相也。音，五音也。相音，如阴阳二十五人篇所谓木形之人比于上角之类，又如肝音角、心音征、
脾音宫、肺音商、肾音羽。若以胜负相参，脏痞自见，五而五之、二十五变，凡耳聪心敏者，皆可意会而识也。相，去
声。）五色微诊，可以目察。（五色者，肝青心赤脾黄肺白肾黑，此其常色也。至于互为生克，诊有精微，凡目明智圆者，
可以视察而知也。）能合脉色，可以万全。（因脉以知其内，因色以察于外，脉色明则参合无遗，内外明则表里具见，斯
可万全无失矣。）赤脉之至也，喘而坚，诊曰有积气在中，时害于食，名曰心痹，得之外疾，思虑而心虚，故邪从之。（此
下即所以合脉色也。赤者，心之色。脉喘而坚者，谓急盛如喘而坚强也。心脏居高，病则脉为喘状，故于心肺二脏独有
之。喘为心气不足，坚为病气有余。心脉起于心胸之中，故积气在中，时害于食。积为病气积聚，痹为脏气不行。外疾，
外邪也。思虑心虚，故外邪从而居之矣。）白脉之至也，喘而浮，上虚不实，惊有积，气在胸中，喘而虚，名曰肺痹，寒
热，得之醉而使内也。（白者，肺色见也。脉喘而浮者，火乘金而病在肺也。喘为气不足，浮为肺阴虚。肺虚于上，则气
不行而积于下，故上虚则为惊，下实则为积。气在胸中，喘而且虚，病为肺痹者，肺气不行而失其治节也。寒热者，金
火相争，金胜则寒，火胜则热也。其因醉以入房，则火必更炽，水必更亏，肾虚盗及母气，故肺病若是矣。）青脉之至也，
长而左右弹，有积气在心下支 ，名曰肝痹，得之寒湿，与疝同法，腰痛足清头痛。（青者，肝色见也。长而左右弹，言
两手俱长而弦强也。弹，搏击之义。此以肝邪有余，故气积心下，及于支 ，因成肝痹。然得之寒湿而积于心下支 者，
则为肝痹；积于小腹前阴者，则为疝气。总属厥阴之寒邪，故云与疝同法。肝脉起于足大趾，与督脉会于巅，故病必腰
痛足冷头痛也。 音区，腋下胁也，）黄脉之至也，大而虚，有积气在腹中，有厥气，名曰厥疝，女子同法，得之疾使四
肢，汗出当风。（黄者，脾色见也。脉大为邪气盛，虚为中气虚。中虚则脾不能运，故有积气在腹中。脾虚则木乘其弱，
水无所畏，而肝肾之气上逆，是为厥气。且脾肝肾三经皆结于阴器，故名曰厥疝，而男女无异也。四肢皆禀气于脾，疾
使之则劳伤脾气而汗易泄，汗泄则表虚而风邪客之，故为是病。）黑脉之至也，上坚而大，有积气在小腹与阴，名曰肾痹，
得之沐浴清水而卧。（黑者，肾色见也。上言尺之上，即尺外以候肾也。肾主下焦，脉坚而且大者，肾邪有余，故主积气
在小腹与阴处，因成肾痹。其得于沐浴清水而卧者，以寒湿内侵而气归同类，故病在下焦而邪居于肾。）凡相五色之奇脉，
面黄目青，面黄目赤，面黄目白，面黄目黑者，皆不死也。（凡此色脉之不死者，皆兼面黄，盖五行以土为本，而胃气之
犹在也。相，去声。）面青目赤，面赤目白，面青目黑，面黑目白，面赤目青，皆死也。（此脉色之皆死者，以无黄色。
无黄色则胃气已绝，故死。上文言合脉色以图万全，此二节则单言五色，亦可以决死生也。）
(Su Wen, Chapter on the Generation of the Five Zang Organs)
The pulse qualities of small (Xiao), large (Da), slippery (Hua), choppy (Se), floating (Fu), and deep (Chen) can be distinguished by finger palpation; (A small pulse is thin and fine, indicating insufficiency of both Yin and Yang. A large pulse is broad and expansive, indicating excess Yang and deficient Yin. A slippery pulse flows smoothly back and forth, indicating blood excess and Qi stagnation. A choppy pulse moves with difficulty, indicating Qi stagnation and blood deficiency. A floating pulse is felt with light pressure, used to examine exterior conditions. A deep pulse is felt only with heavy pressure, used to examine interior conditions. Thus, obtained through the hand and confirmed in the mind, these can be differentiated by finger sensation.) The manifestations (Xiang) of the five Zang organs can be inferred by analogy; ("Xiang" refers to phenomenological images. The Liver corresponds to Wood's flexibility and manifests in the sinews; the Heart corresponds to Fire's upward flaming and manifests in the vessels; the Spleen corresponds to Earth's stability and manifests in the muscles; the Lungs correspond to Metal's firmness and condensation and manifest in the skin and hair; the Kidneys correspond to Water's moistening and downward flow and manifest in the marrow and bones. In such cases, the differentiation of Zang organ manifestations has specific dominions, all of which can be deduced by category.) The tones associated with the five Zang organs can be apprehended by consciousness; ("Xiang" refers to physical appearance. "Yin" refers to the five musical tones. Xiang-Yin, as mentioned in the chapter on Twenty-Five Types of People based on Yin-Yang, such as Wood-type individuals corresponding to the Jue tone, or Liver-Jue, Heart-Zhi, Spleen-Gong, Lung-Shang, and Kidney-Yu tones. If one compares them according to mutual generation and restriction, visceral obstruction becomes apparent. Through twenty-five variations derived from five times five, those with keen hearing and sharp minds can intuitively comprehend and recognize them. "Xiang" is pronounced with the departing tone.) The subtle diagnosis of the five colors can be observed by the eye. (In the five colors, Liver is green, Heart is red, Spleen is yellow, Lungs are white, and Kidneys are black; these are the normal colors. Regarding their mutual generation and restriction, the diagnostic methods are profound and subtle. Those with clear vision and wise discernment can know through observation.) Being able to combine pulse and color diagnosis ensures perfection in treatment. (By means of the pulse, one knows the interior; by means of color, one inspects the exterior. When pulse and color are clear, integration leaves no gaps; when interior and exterior are understood, both surface and depth are revealed, thus ensuring absolute accuracy without error.)
When a red pulse arrives, rapid and firm, it is diagnosed as having accumulated Qi in the middle, occasionally hindering food intake, named Heart Bi (Heart Obstruction). It arises from external pathogens due to excessive worry causing Heart deficiency, allowing evil to enter. (This section illustrates how to combine pulse and color for diagnosis. Red is the color of the Heart. A pulse that is rapid and firm means the vessel is tense and strong like panting. The Heart resides high; when diseased, the pulse takes on a panting quality, unique to the Heart and Lungs. Rapid indicates Heart Qi deficiency; firm indicates pathogenic excess. Since the Heart vessel originates in the chest and heart region, accumulated Qi is in the middle, occasionally impairing digestion. Accumulation refers to pathogenic aggregation; Bi refers to the failure of Zang Qi to circulate. External illness refers to external evil. Excessive worry causes Heart deficiency, so external evil settles there.)
When a white pulse arrives, rapid and floating, with upper deficiency and lack of fullness, accompanied by fright and accumulation, with Qi in the chest, rapid and deficient, it is named Lung Bi (Lung Obstruction), with alternating chills and fever, caused by intercourse while drunk. (White is the manifestation of Lung color. A pulse that is rapid and floating indicates Fire attacking Metal, with disease in the Lungs. Rapid indicates Qi deficiency; floating indicates Lung Yin deficiency. Deficiency in the upper part leads to stagnant Qi and accumulation below; thus, upper deficiency causes fright, while lower excess causes accumulation. Qi in the chest, rapid and deficient, constitutes Lung Bi, where Lung Qi fails to circulate and loses its regulatory function. Chills and fever result from the conflict between Metal and Fire; Metal dominance brings cold, Fire dominance brings heat. Intercourse while drunk intensifies Fire and depletes Water; Kidney deficiency steals from the Mother element [Metal], resulting in such Lung pathology.)
When a green pulse arrives, long and striking left and right, with accumulated Qi supporting beneath the heart, it is named Liver Bi (Liver Obstruction), caused by cold-dampness, treated similarly to Hernia, with symptoms of lower back pain, cold feet, and headache. (Green is the manifestation of Liver color. Long and striking left and right means both hands show a long and wiry-taut pulse. Striking implies beating. This occurs because Liver evil is in excess, causing Qi accumulation under the heart and extending to the hypochondrium, forming Liver Bi. However, accumulation under the heart and hypochondrium due to cold-dampness is called Liver Bi; accumulation in the lower abdomen and genitals is called Hernia. Both belong to Cold evil of the Jueyin channel, hence treated similarly to Hernia. The Liver meridian starts at the big toe and meets the Du vessel at the vertex; thus, the disease necessarily involves lower back pain, cold feet, and headache. "Zhi Chan" sounds like 'qu', referring to the hypochondrium and axilla.)
When a yellow pulse arrives, large and deficient, with accumulated Qi in the abdomen and rebellious Qi, it is named Jue Hernia, with the same method for women, caused by strenuous limb activity, sweating, and exposure to wind. (Yellow is the manifestation of Spleen color. A large pulse indicates pathogenic excess; deficient indicates Middle Qi deficiency. Middle deficiency impairs Spleen transportation, leading to accumulated Qi in the abdomen. Spleen deficiency allows Liver Wood to invade its weakness, and Kidney Water lacks fear, causing Liver and Kidney Qi to rebel upward, known as Rebellious Qi. Since the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney meridians all converge at the genitalia, it is named Jue Hernia, identical for men and women. The limbs derive Qi from the Spleen; strenuous activity damages Spleen Qi and promotes sweating; sweat loss makes the exterior deficient, allowing Wind evil to invade, causing this disease.)
When a black pulse arrives, firm and large above, with accumulated Qi in the lower abdomen and genitals, it is named Kidney Bi (Kidney Obstruction), caused by bathing in cold water and lying down. (Black is the manifestation of Kidney color. The aforementioned "above" refers to the outer aspect of the Chi position, which observes the Kidneys. The Kidneys govern the Lower Jiao; a pulse that is firm and large indicates Kidney evil excess, governing accumulated Qi in the lower abdomen and genitals, forming Kidney Bi. Contracting this by bathing in cold water and lying down occurs because cold-dampness invades internally and Qi returns to its kindred element, so the disease is in the Lower Jiao and the evil resides in the Kidneys.)
Regarding the extraordinary pulses of observing the five colors: if the face is yellow and eyes green, face yellow and eyes red, face yellow and eyes white, or face yellow and eyes black, death will not occur. (All these non-fatal color-pulse combinations include a yellow face, as Earth is the root of the Five Elements, indicating that Stomach Qi remains. "Xiang" is pronounced with the departing tone.) If the face is green and eyes red, face red and eyes white, face green and eyes black, face black and eyes white, or face red and eyes green, death will occur. (These fatal color-pulse combinations lack yellow. Without yellow, Stomach Qi is exhausted, hence death. The previous text discussed combining pulse and color for perfection; these two sections discuss only the five colors, which can also determine life and death.)