（素问四气调神论）
春三月，此谓发陈，（发，启也。陈，故也。春阳上升，发育庶物，启故从新，故曰发陈。）天地俱生，万物以荣，（万
象更新也。夜卧早起，广步于庭，广，大也。所以布发生之气也。）被发缓形，以使志生，（缓，和缓也。举动和缓以应
春气，则神定而志生，是即所以使也。后彼此。）生而勿杀，予而勿夺，赏而勿罚，（皆所以养发生之德也。故君子于启
蛰不杀，方长不折。予，与同。）此春气之应，养生之道也。（四时之令，春生夏长，秋收冬藏。凡此应春气者，正所以
养生气也。）逆之则伤肝，夏为寒变，奉长者少。（逆，不顺也。奉，承也。肝属木，王于春。春失所养，故伤肝，肝伤
则心火失其所生。故当夏令则火有不足，而寒水侮之，因为寒变。寒变者，变热为寒也。春生既逆，承生气而夏长者少
矣。
夏三月，此谓蕃秀，（蕃，茂也。阳王已极，万物俱盛，故曰蕃秀。蕃音烦。）天地气交，万物华实，（岁气阴阳盛衰，
其交在夏，故曰天地气交。斯时也，阳气生长于前，阴气收成于后，故万物华实。）夜卧早起，无厌于日，（起卧同于春
时，不宜藏也。无厌于长日，气不宜惰也。）使志无怒，使华英成秀，（长夏火土用事，怒则肝气易逆，脾土易伤，故欲
使志无怒，则华英成秀。华英，言神气也。）使气得泄，若所爱在外，（夏气欲其疏泄，泄则肤腠宣通，故若所爱在外。）
此夏气之应，养长之道也。（凡此应夏气者，正所以养长气也。长，上声。）逆之则伤心，秋为 疟，奉收者少，（心属火，
王于夏。夏失所养，故伤心，心伤则暑气乘之，至秋而金气收敛，暑邪内郁，于是阴欲入而阳拒之，故为寒，火欲出而
阴束之，故为热，金火相争，故寒热往来而为 疟。夏长既逆，承长气而秋收者少矣。 音皆。）冬至重病。（火病者畏
水也。）
秋三月，此谓容平，（阴升阳降，大火西行，秋容平定，故曰容平。）天气以急，地气以明，（风气劲疾曰急。物色清
肃曰明。）早卧早起，与鸡俱兴，（早卧以避初寒，早起以从新爽。）使志安宁，以缓秋刑，（阳和日退，阴寒日生，故欲
神志安宁，以避肃杀之气。）收敛神气，使秋气平，无外其志，使肺气清，（皆所以顺秋气，欲使肺金清净也。）此秋气之
应，养收之道也。（凡此应秋气者，正所以养收气也。）逆之则伤肺，冬为飧泄，奉藏者少。（肺属金，王于秋。秋失所养，
故伤肺，肺伤则肾水失其所生，故当冬令而为肾虚飧泄。飧泄者，水谷不分而为寒泄也。秋收既逆，承收气而冬藏者少
矣。飧音孙。）
冬三月，此谓闭藏，（阳气藏伏，闭塞成冬也。）水冰地坼，无扰乎阳，（坼，裂也。天地闭塞，故不可烦扰以泄阳气。
坼音策。）早卧晚起，必待日光，（所以避寒也。）使志若伏若匿，若有私意，若已有得，（皆所以法冬令，欲其自重，无
妄动也。）去寒就温，无泄皮肤，使气亟夺，（去寒就温。所以养阳，无使泄夺，所以养气。亟，数也。 真氏曰∶冬气
闭藏不密，温暖无霜雪，则来年阳气无力，五谷不登；人身亦是如此，静时纷扰，则动时安能中节？故周子以主静为本，
程子以主敬为本，其理一也。亟，棘、器二音。）此冬气之应，养藏之道也。（凡此应冬气者，正所以养脏气也。）逆之则
伤肾，春为痿厥，奉生者少。（肾属水，王于冬。冬失所养，故伤肾，肾伤则肝木失其所生，肝主筋，故当春令而筋病为
痿。阳欲藏，故冬不能藏，则阳虚为厥。冬藏既逆，承脏气而春生者少矣。）
*Suwen: Treatise on Regulating Spirit According to the Four Qi (Seasons)*
The three months of spring are called "Fa Chen" (Developing and Renewing). ("Fa" means to initiate/open; "Chen" means old/past. Spring Yang qi ascends, nurturing all things, initiating the new from the old, hence termed "Fa Chen".) Heaven and Earth generate together, and all things flourish. (All phenomena renew. Go to bed late and rise early, take broad strides in the courtyard; "Guang" means expansive/broad. This is to distribute the generating qi.) Let hair hang loose and body relax, so as to allow the will to grow. ("Huan" means gentle/relaxed. Movements should be gentle to accord with Spring qi, thus stabilizing the spirit and allowing the will to arise; this is what is meant by "allowing". The same applies subsequently.) Promote growth but do not kill, give but do not take, reward but do not punish. (All these serve to nourish the virtue of generation. Thus, a gentleman does not kill when hibernating insects emerge, nor break branches when things are growing. "Yu" means to give.) This corresponds to Spring qi and is the way of nourishing life. (The commands of the four seasons: Spring generates, Summer grows, Autumn harvests, Winter stores. All actions corresponding to Spring qi are precisely for nourishing the generating qi.) If one violates this, the Liver is injured, and in Summer there will be cold transformations, because the resources provided for growth are scant. ("Ni" means contrary/disobedient; "Feng" means to support/supply. The Liver belongs to Wood and prospers in Spring. Losing nourishment in Spring injures the Liver; if the Liver is injured, Heart Fire loses its source. Thus, in Summer, Fire is insufficient, and Cold Water insults it, causing cold transformation. Cold transformation means changing heat into cold. Since Spring generation is violated, the capacity to receive generating qi and grow in Summer is diminished.)
The three months of summer are called "Fan Xiu" (Lush and Exuberant). ("Fan" means lush/prosperous. Yang qi reaches its peak, and all things are abundant and grand, hence "Fan Xiu". "Fan" sounds like "fan".) Heaven and Earth qi intersect, and all things flower and bear fruit. (The intersection of Yin and Yang qi of the year occurs in Summer, hence "Heaven and Earth qi intersect". At this time, Yang qi grows first, and Yin qi harvests later, so all things flower and fruit.) Go to bed late and rise early, do not dislike the sun. (Rising and sleeping times are the same as in Spring, not suitable for hiding. Do not dislike the long days; qi should not be sluggish.) Keep the will free from anger, so that the essence becomes beautiful and elegant. (In Changxia [Long Summer], Fire and Earth govern. Anger causes Liver Qi to rebel easily and Spleen Earth to be damaged. Thus, keeping the will free from anger allows the spirit to become beautiful. "Hua Ying" refers to spiritual energy.) Allow the qi to vent, as if loving what is outside. (Summer qi desires to disperse; venting makes skin and pores open and unblocked, so one feels as if loving the outdoors.) This corresponds to Summer qi and is the way of nourishing growth. (All actions corresponding to Summer qi are precisely for nourishing the growing qi. "Zhang" is pronounced with the rising tone.) If one violates this, the Heart is injured, and in Autumn there will be malaria, because the resources provided for harvesting are scant. (The Heart belongs to Fire and prospers in Summer. Losing nourishment in Summer injures the Heart; if the Heart is injured, Summer Heat pathogen takes advantage. By Autumn, Metal qi converges, Summer Heat pathogen stagnates internally. Thus, Yin wants to enter but Yang resists, causing cold; Fire wants to exit but Yin binds, causing heat. Metal and Fire contend, causing alternating chills and fever, resulting in malaria. Since Summer growth is violated, the capacity to receive growing qi and harvest in Autumn is diminished. "Nie" sounds like "jie".) Severe illness occurs at Winter Solstice. (Fire diseases fear Water.)
The three months of autumn are called "Rong Ping" (Container and Level/Stable). (Yin rises, Yang descends, the Great Fire star moves west, and the autumn appearance is calm and stable, hence "Rong Ping".) Heaven's qi is urgent, Earth's qi is clear. (Wind force swift is called "Ji/Urgent". Object colors clear and austere is called "Ming/Clear"). Go to bed early and rise early, waking with the chickens. (Sleep early to avoid initial cold; rise early to follow the fresh morning air.) Keep the will peaceful to slow down the punishment of Autumn. (Yang harmony retreats day by day, Yin cold increases day by day. Thus, one desires spiritual peace to avoid the killing qi.) Converge spiritual energy to make Autumn qi level; do not let the will go outward, to keep Lung qi pure. (All these serve to follow Autumn qi, desiring Lung Metal to remain pure and clean.) This corresponds to Autumn qi and is the way of nourishing harvesting. (All actions corresponding to Autumn qi are precisely for nourishing the harvesting qi.) If one violates this, the Lungs are injured, and in Winter there will be undigested diarrhea, because the resources provided for storing are scant. (The Lungs belong to Metal and prosper in Autumn. Losing nourishment in Autumn injures the Lungs; if the Lungs are injured, Kidney Water loses its source. Thus, in Winter, there is Kidney deficiency leading to Sundun diarrhea. Sundun diarrhea refers to cold diarrhea where water and grain are not separated. Since Autumn harvesting is violated, the capacity to receive harvesting qi and store in Winter is diminished. "Sun" sounds like "sun".)
The three months of winter are called "Bi Cang" (Closing and Storing). (Yang qi hides and lies dormant, closing off to form Winter.) Water freezes, earth cracks; do not disturb Yang. ("Che" means crack. Heaven and Earth are closed, so do not disturb to leak Yang qi. "Che" sounds like "ce".) Go to bed early and rise late, waiting for sunlight. (This is to avoid cold.) Let the will seem hidden or concealed, as if having private intentions, as if already possessing something. (All these emulate Winter command, desiring self-respect and no reckless movement.) Remove cold and seek warmth; do not let skin sweat, lest qi be frequently depleted. (Removing cold and seeking warmth nourishes Yang; preventing sweating depletes qi less. "Ji" means frequent. Master Zhen said: If Winter qi storage is not tight, warm without frost/snow, next year's Yang qi will be weak, and grains will not ripen; the human body is the same. If disturbed during stillness, how can movement be regulated? Thus, Zhou Dunyi took stillness as the root, and Cheng Yi took reverence as the root; their principles are the same. "Ji" has pronunciations "ji" and "qi".) This corresponds to Winter qi and is the way of nourishing storage. (All actions corresponding to Winter qi are precisely for nourishing the organ qi.) If one violates this, the Kidneys are injured, and in Spring there will be flaccidity and cold limbs, because the resources provided for generation are scant. (The Kidneys belong to Water and prosper in Winter. Losing nourishment in Winter injures the Kidneys; if the Kidneys are injured, Liver Wood loses its source. The Liver governs sinews, so in Spring, sinew disease leads to flaccidity. Yang desires to hide; if Winter cannot hide, Yang deficiency leads to cold limbs. Since Winter storage is violated, the capacity to receive stored qi and generate in Spring is diminished.)