消渴脉实大，病久可治。脉悬小坚，病久不可治。（《内经》）趺阳脉数，胃中有热，即消谷引饮，
大便必坚，小便即数。（仲景）消渴脉当紧实而数，反沉涩而微者死。心脉滑为渴，滑者阳气胜也。心脉微
小为消瘅，凡消症脉数大者生，沉小者死。（《脉经》）真阴耗竭，肾气不升，肺脏枯燥，寸口数盛，为
上消。竭力房室，服食剽悍，火土太强，恣情肥美，气口动滑为中消。虚阳不守，封藏不固，右尺数大，为
下消。《张氏医通》消瘅诊论，宜参玩。
〔肾虚〕六味丸 八味丸 俱见一卷中风。
〔上消〕人参白虎汤 白虎汤见一卷中风，加人参。
〔中消〕调胃承气汤 见二卷汗。
〔补脾〕归脾汤 见二卷劳瘵。
〔肺虚〕人参固本丸 见一卷中风。
〔肺虚〕生脉散 参 麦 五味
〔气燥〕黄芩汤 芩 栀 桔 麦 归 芍 参 地 花粉 葛根（各一两） 乌梅（一个）
〔血燥〕地黄饮子 见一卷中风。
〔气血燥〕黄 竹叶汤 参 归 芍 地 麦 芎 芩 草 石膏（各一钱） 竹叶（二钱）
〔肺火〕生津饮 二冬 二地 归 味 蒌 草 麻仁 花粉（各一钱）
〔心火〕清心莲子饮 见一卷火症。
〔心肺〕降心汤 花粉（二钱） 参 归 地 味 草 苓 远志（各一钱） 枣（二枚）
〔滋阴〕加减地黄丸 熟地 山药 山萸 丹皮 五味 百药煎
〔身肿〕紫苏汤 紫苏 桑皮 赤茯（各一钱） 郁李仁（二钱） 羚羊角（七分半） 槟榔（七分） 肉桂
木香 独活 枳壳（各五分）
〔利溺〕五苓散 见一卷温。
〔鬲消〕麦门冬饮 麦冬（二钱） 知母 花粉 人参 五味 葛根 茯神 生地 甘草（各一钱） 竹叶（十
张）
〔虚渴〕人参麦冬汤 参 苓 麦 味 草 杞子
〔上消〕天花粉散 花粉 生地 麦冬 干葛（各二钱） 五味 甘草（各一钱） 粳米（百粒）
〔中消〕兰香饮子 石膏（三钱） 知母（钱半） 甘草 防风（各一钱） 人参 兰香叶 连翘 蔻仁
桔梗 升麻（各五分） 半夏（二分） 姜汤下。
〔气虚〕七味白术散 参 术 苓 草 藿香（各五分） 干葛（一钱） 木香（五分）
〔胃火〕泻黄散 见一卷火。
〔胃热〕玉女煎 见一卷温。
〔心肺〕藕汁膏 人乳 生地汁 藕汁（各一大盏） 先熬为膏，加黄连（五钱） 花粉（一两） 研末同熬，
再加 姜汁 白蜜为膏，噙化。
〔脾肺〕黄 汤 地 芍 麦冬 五味（各三两） 参 草 天冬（各三钱） 茯苓（一两） 每服
三钱，加乌梅、姜、枣。
〔通治〕黄连猪肚丸 黄连 粱米 花粉 茯神（各四两） 知母
麦冬（各二两） 为末，以猪肚一个洗净，入药缝口，煮烂杵细，蜜丸，人参汤下。
〔痿弱〕白茯苓丸 茯苓 黄连 花粉 萆 熟地 覆盆子 人参 元参（各一两） 石斛
蛇床子（各七钱半） 鸡内金（炒三十个） 蜜丸磁石汤下。
〔下消〕元菟丸 菟丝子（酒浸，研，焙干，十两） 五味子（酒浸，研，焙干，七两） 茯苓
莲肉（各三两） 山药（六两） 共研，将所浸酒打糊为丸，空心米饮下。
〔摄精〕秘元煎 远志 山药 芡实 枣仁（各炒） 金樱子（各二钱） 白术 茯苓（各钱半） 炙草
人参（各一钱） 五味（十四粒） 水煎。
〔通摄〕双补丸 鹿角胶 人参 茯苓 苡仁 熟地 苁蓉 当归 石斛 黄 木瓜 五味子 菟丝子
覆盆子（各一两） 沉香 泽泻（各五分） 麝香（一钱）
〔补泻〕大补地黄丸 见一卷燥。
〔补摄〕左归饮 见二卷虚损。
〔补摄〕大补元煎 见一卷中风。
〔益大〕加减肾气丸 熟地（二两） 丹皮 泽泻 茯苓 山药 山萸 五味 鹿茸（各一两） 肉桂
沉香（各五钱） 蜜丸，空心服。
〔益火〕右归饮 见二卷虚损。
〔补固〕鹿茸丸 麦冬（二两） 鹿茸 熟地 黄 五味 鸡内金 苁蓉 故纸 牛膝 山萸
人参（各七钱五分） 地骨 茯苓 元参（各五钱） 蜜丸。
〔强中〕石子荠 汤 黑大豆（一升，煮汁去渣入猪肾一个煮汁） 入荠 石膏（各三两） 人参
茯苓 磁石 知母 葛根 黄芩 花粉 甘草（各二两） 分三服，水煎。
〔下消〕加减八味丸 八味减附子，加五味。
〔消瘅〕玉泉丸 花粉 葛根（各一两五钱） 人参 麦冬 乌梅草（各一两） 生 炙 （各五钱）
蜜丸。
〔酒渴〕乌梅木瓜汤 乌梅 木瓜（各二钱） 麦芽 草果 甘草（各一钱） 姜（五片）
〔虫渴〕苦楝子汤 苦楝根皮（一握，切焙） 麝香（少许）水煎。
〔烦渴〕理中丸 见一卷中风。
The pulse of Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) appearing full and large indicates that even after a long duration, the disease is treatable. If the pulse is suspended, small, and firm, it indicates that after a long duration, the disease is untreatable. (From *Neijing*) A rapid pulse at the Duyang position (Dorsalis pedis artery, reflecting Stomach Qi) signifies heat in the Stomach, leading to polyphagia with excessive drinking, hard stools, and frequent urination. (From Zhang Zhongjing's works) The pulse for Xiao Ke should be tight, solid, and rapid; if it instead appears deep, choppy, and faint, it portends death. A slippery Heart pulse indicates thirst, caused by an excess of Yang Qi. A minute and small Heart pulse indicates Xiao Dan (a wasting syndrome characterized by emaciation). Generally, for Xiao Ke, a rapid and large pulse suggests survival, while a deep and small pulse suggests death. (From *Maijing*) Exhaustion of True Yin, failure of Kidney Qi to ascend, and dryness/withering of the Lung organ, accompanied by a rapid and abundant pulse at the Cun Kou position (Radial artery at the wrist, reflecting Lung and Heart), characterize Upper Xiao. Excessive sexual activity, consumption of pungent/drastic drugs or foods, excessive Fire and Earth elements, and indulgence in rich/fatty foods, resulting in a moving and slippery pulse at the Qi Kou position (Right Cun, reflecting Lung and Spleen/Stomach), characterize Middle Xiao. Failure of Deficient Yang to remain secure, instability of the sealing and storing functions, and a rapid and large pulse at the Right Chi position (reflecting Kidney Yang), characterize Lower Xiao. The discussion on diagnosing Xiao Dan in *Zhangshi Yitong* is worth studying.
[Deficiency of Kidney] Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) and Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), both found in Volume 1 under Stroke.
[Upper Xiao] Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction); Baihu Tang is found in Volume 1 under Stroke, added with Renshen (Ginseng).
[Middle Xiao] Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction), found in Volume 2 under Sweating Methods.
[Spleen Tonification] Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction), found in Volume 2 under Chronic Consumption.
[Lung Deficiency] Renshen Guben Wan (Ginseng Solidify the Root Pill), found in Volume 1 under Stroke.
[Lung Deficiency] Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Powder), composed of Renshen (Ginseng), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit).
[Qi Dryness] Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction), composed of Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Shaoyao (Paeonia Lactiflora), Renshen (Ginseng), Dihuang (Rehmannia Root), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Gegen (Kudzu Root) (each 1 liang), Wumei (Mume Fruit) (one piece).
[Blood Dryness] Dihuang Yinzi (Rehmannia Infusion), found in Volume 1 under Stroke.
[Qi and Blood Dryness] Zhuye Tang (Bamboo Leaf Decoction), composed of Renshen (Ginseng), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Shaoyao (Paeonia Lactiflora), Dihuang (Rehmannia Root), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Gancao (Licorice Root), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each 1 qian), Zhuye (Bamboo Leaves) (2 qian).
[Lung Fire] Shengjin Yin (Generate Fluids Infusion), composed of Dongguajing (Asparagus Tuber), Dongguajing (Ophiopogon Tuber - note: "Er Dong" usually refers to these two), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Weiwei (Schisandra Fruit), Lou (Trichosanthes Fruit), Gancao (Licorice Root), Maren (Cannabis Seed), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root) (each 1 qian).
[Heart Fire] Qingxin Lianzi Yin (Clear Heart Lotus Seed Infusion), found in Volume 1 under Fire Syndromes.
[Heart and Lung] Jiangxin Tang (Descend Heart Decoction), composed of Huafen (Trichosanthes Root) (2 qian), Renshen (Ginseng), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Dihuang (Rehmannia Root), Weiwei (Schisandra Fruit), Gancao (Licorice Root), Fuling (Poria), Yuanzhi (Polygala Root) (each 1 qian), Zao (Jujube) (two pieces).
[Nourishing Yin] Jiawei Dihuang Wan (Modified Rehmannia Pill), composed of Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Baiyaojian (Fermented Medicinal Leaven).
[Body Edema] Zisu Tang (Perilla Decoction), composed of Zisu (Perilla Leaf), Sangpi (Morus Bark), Chifu (Red Poria) (each 1 qian), Yuliren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed) (2 qian), Lingyangjiao (Saiga Antelope Horn) (0.75 qian), Binglang (Areca Seed) (0.7 qian), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) (each 0.5 qian).
[Promoting Urination] Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), found in Volume 1 under Warm Diseases.
[Diaphragm Xiao] Maimen Dong Yin (Ophiopogon Decoction), composed of Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome) (2 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Renshen (Ginseng), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Gegen (Kudzu Root), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Gancao (Licorice Root) (each 1 qian), Zhuye (Bamboo Leaves) (ten sheets).
[Deficiency Thirst] Renshen Maidong Tang (Ginseng Ophiopogon Decoction), composed of Renshen (Ginseng), Fuling (Poria), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Gancao (Licorice Root), Gouqi (Goji Berry).
[Upper Xiao] Tianhuafen San (Trichosanthes Root Powder), composed of Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Gange (Dried Kudzu Root) (each 2 qian), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Gancao (Licorice Root) (each 1 qian), Jingmi (Rice Grain) (100 grains).
[Middle Xiao] Lanxiang Yinzi (Fragrant Leaf Infusion), composed of Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (3 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) (1.5 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) (each 1 qian), Renshen (Ginseng), Lanxiangye (Elsholtzia Leaf), Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit), Kourén (Amomum Cardamomum Seed), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) (each 0.5 qian), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) (0.2 qian). Take with Ginger Decoction.
[Qi Deficiency] Qiwei Baizhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), composed of Renshen (Ginseng), Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala), Fuling (Poria), Gancao (Licorice Root), Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb) (each 0.5 qian), Gange (Dried Kudzu Root) (1 qian), Muxiang (Aucklandia Root) (0.5 qian).
[Stomach Fire] Xiehuang San (Drain Yellow Powder), found in Volume 1 under Fire Syndromes.
[Stomach Heat] Yunu Jian (Jade Woman Decoction), found in Volume 1 under Warm Diseases.
[Heart and Lung] Oujiang Gao (Lotus Root Juice Paste), composed of Renru (Human Milk), Shengdijiazhi (Juice of Raw Rehmannia Root), Oujiang (Lotus Root Juice) (each one large cup). First boil into a paste, add Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) (5 qian) and Huafen (Trichosanthes Root) (1 liang), grind into powder and boil together, then add Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice) and Baimi (White Honey) to form a paste. Hold in mouth to dissolve.
[Spleen and Lung] Formula name missing (Original text "Huang Tang" likely missing character, listing ingredients below): composed of Dihuang (Rehmannia Root), Shaoyao (Paeonia Lactiflora), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) (each 3 liang), Renshen (Ginseng), Gancao (Licorice Root), Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber) (each 3 qian), Fuling (Poria) (1 liang). Take 3 qian per dose, add Wumei (Mume Fruit), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), Zao (Jujube).
[General Treatment] Huanglian Zhudu Wan (Coptis Pig Stomach Pill), composed of Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Liangmi (Millet Rice), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood) (each 4 liang), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome) (each 2 liang). Grind into powder. Wash one pig stomach thoroughly, insert medicine, sew shut, boil until tender, pound finely, make pills with honey. Take with Renshen Decoction.
[Flaccidity/Weakness] Bai Fuling Wan (White Poria Pill), composed of Fuling (Poria), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Biexie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome), Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Fupenzi (Rubus Fruit), Renshen (Ginseng), Yuanshen (Scrophularia Root) (each 1 liang), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem), Chuangsuzi (Cnidium Fruit) (each 0.75 qian), Jinneijin (Chicken Gizzard Lining) (stir-fried 30 pieces). Make pills with honey. Take with Cishi (Magnetite) Decoction.
[Lower Xiao] Yuantu Wan (Tusci and Myristica Pill), composed of Tusizi (Cuscuta Seed) (soaked in wine, ground, dried, 10 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) (soaked in wine, ground, dried, 7 liang), Fuling (Poria), Lianrou (Lotus Seed Flesh) (each 3 liang), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome) (6 liang). Grind together. Use the wine used to soak Tusizi to make a paste for pills. Take on an empty stomach with Rice Drink.
[Securing Essence] Miyuan Jian (Secret Origin Decoction), composed of Yuanzhi (Polygala Root), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Qianshi (Euryale Seed), Zaoren (Ziziphus Seed) (each stir-fried), Jinyingzi (Chrysobalanus Fruit) (each 2 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala), Fuling (Poria) (each 1.5 qian), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Renshen (Ginseng) (each 1 qian), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) (14 grains). Decoct in water.
[Unblocking and Securing] Shuangbu Wan (Double Tonifying Pill), composed of Lu jiaojiao (Deer Antler Glue), Renshen (Ginseng), Fuling (Poria), Yiren (Coix Seed), Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Congrong (Cynomorchium Herba), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem), Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Mugua (Chaenomeles Fruit), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Tusizi (Cuscuta Seed), Fupenzi (Rubus Fruit) (each 1 liang), Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome) (each 0.5 qian), Shexiang (Musk) (1 qian).
[Tonifying and Draining] Da Bu Dihuang Wan (Great Tonifying Rehmannia Pill), found in Volume 1 under Dryness Syndromes.
[Tonifying and Securing] Zuogui Yin (Left Restoring Decoction), found in Volume 2 under Deficiency Damage.
[Tonifying and Securing] Da Bu Yuan Jian (Great Tonifying Source Decoction), found in Volume 1 under Stroke.
[Enlarging/Nourishing Kidney] Jiawei Shenqi Wan (Modified Kidney Qi Pill), composed of Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root) (2 liang), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome), Fuling (Poria), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Lurong (Deer Antler) (each 1 liang), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood) (each 0.5 qian). Make pills with honey. Take on an empty stomach.
[Benefiting Fire/Warming Kidney] Yougui Yin (Right Restoring Decoction), found in Volume 2 under Deficiency Damage.
[Tonifying and Consolidating] Lurong Wan (Deer Antler Pill), composed of Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome) (2 liang), Lurong (Deer Antler), Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Jinneijin (Chicken Gizzard Lining), Congrong (Cynomorchium Herba), Guozhi (Psoralea Fruit), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit), Renshen (Ginseng) (each 0.75 qian), Digupi (Phellodendron Bark), Fuling (Poria), Yuanshen (Scrophularia Root) (each 0.5 qian). Make pills with honey.
[Strong Middle/Priapism] Shizi Qi Tang (Stone Shepherd's Purse Decoction), composed of Heidadou (Black Soybean) (1 sheng, boiled for juice, strain, add one pig kidney to boil for juice), Jiqicai (Shepherd's Purse), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each 3 liang), Renshen (Ginseng), Fuling (Poria), Cishi (Magnetite), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Gegen (Kudzu Root), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Gancao (Licorice Root) (each 2 liang). Divide into three doses. Decoct in water.
[Lower Xiao] Jiawei Bawei Wan (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill), i.e., Bawei Wan minus Fuzi (Aconite Root), added with Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit).
[Xiao Dan/Wasting] Yuquan Wan (Jade Spring Pill), composed of Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Gegen (Kudzu Root) (each 1.5 liang), Renshen (Ginseng), Maidong (Ophiopogon Rhizome), Wumeicao (Mume Grass) (each 1 liang), Sheng Gancao (Raw Licorice Root), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) (each 0.5 qian). Make pills with honey.
[Wine Thirst] Wumei Mugua Tang (Mume and Chaenomeles Decoction), composed of Wumei (Mume Fruit), Mugua (Chaenomeles Fruit) (each 2 qian), Maiya (Hordeum Sprout), Caoguo (Tsaoko Fruit), Gancao (Licorice Root) (each 1 qian), Jiang (Ginger) (five slices).
[Parasitic Thirst] Kulianzi Tang (Toosendan Decoction), composed of Kulian Genpi (Toosendan Root Bark) (one handful, cut and dried), Shexiang (Musk) (a little). Decoct in water.
[Restless Thirst] Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill), found in Volume 1 under Stroke.