饮以养阳，食以养阴，饮食人所以卫生，而脾胃实生之本也。胃旺则多食不滞，过食不饥。脾运则分五
脏，荣润四肢。若生冷戕胃，饥饱戕脾，中气先馁，不宜专事消导。宜补中益气汤加茯苓、砂仁。夫中气即脾
胃冲和之元气也。然胃气以下行为顺，脾气以健运为能。胃强脾弱，则消谷而便溏；脾强胃弱，则知饥而
纳少。故胃阳虚，饱食辄嗳者，宜温通。如橘红、浓朴、益智、枳壳、半夏曲、草蔻、苏子、谷芽。若守
补则壅，忌炙草、焦白术、炮姜。脾阳虚，多食不化者，宜香燥。如砂仁、丁香、木香、白术、半夏、神曲、
薏苡、橘白、鸡内金，若腻补则滞，忌地黄、萸肉等。脾胃阴虚，不饥不食，口淡无味者，宜清润以养之。如
沙参、扁豆子、石斛、玉竹、当归、白芍、麻仁、粳米、大麦仁。若消导则耗气劫液，忌枳、朴、楂肉、
萝卜子、曲 。伤饮恶饮，伤食恶食，呕而腹满，为胃寒生痰，和胃二陈煎。食填太阴，腹闷绞痛，为木郁
食厥，急吐之。用阴阳水烧盐汤探吐，痛定后服藿香散。饮食留滞，脘痞腹胀者，为腑气不宣，消导之。大
和中
饮。饮冷吐利，脾元受困者，温其寒。理中汤，或温胃饮去黄 。食下气逆，哕呃噎膈者，开其郁。神香散加
橘皮、竹茹、半夏。食后动怒，胁满而痛者，平肝气。柴胡、枳壳、香附、青皮、山栀子、生白芍。饮酒伤中，
发热呕泻者，利其湿。葛花解酲汤。肝胃不和，脉弦脘痹者，泄木安土。木瓜、吴萸、白芍、金橘、益智、
良姜、红枣、小麦。脾肾两衰，虚寒滑脱者，温中补阳。四维散加肉蔻。但肾阳衰者，二神丸。凡嗜热酒者，
脘必瘀血，宜郁金、木香、丹参、当归、降真香。喜冷食者，症多中寒，宜八味理中丸。胃虚则呕悸动风，
宜牡蛎、白芍、茯神、人参、枣仁、炙草、阿胶。胃实则痞满内热，枳实消痞丸、生姜泻心汤。脾虚则食后
反饱，异功散去甘草，加砂仁、谷芽。脾瘅则口甜畏食，佩兰叶煎汤。胃上逆则导其浊滞，豆豉、枳实、
竹茹、栝蒌仁、橘皮、地栗粉、浓朴、甚则小承气汤。脾下陷则升其清阳，举元煎。湿伤脾胃，腹肿便难，
宜兼升降，则运化宣通。半夏、砂仁壳、茯苓、橘白、浓朴、枳实、草蔻、煨姜。若饮食不甘，口苦不寐，
胆热乘脾者，宜导痰泄热，则土郁舒。加味温胆汤去熟地，加丹皮、山栀、桑叶、生枣仁。食已吐酸，肝逆
犯胃者，宜降火泄浊，则木郁达。戊己丸加茯苓、山栀。胁痞者，黄连泻心汤。其饮食减少，有脾胃虚热，安
胃饮；有中气虚寒，养中煎；有中寒虚痞，治中汤；有思虑伤脾，归脾汤；有脾湿水泻，加味平胃散，或胃苓
汤；有胃气痛逆，调气平胃汤。不能食而瘦，多脾虚，宜山药、茯苓、白术、炙草、当归、白芍、人参、
鸡内金、砂仁、陈皮、莲子、黄米屑调服。善食而瘦，多胃火，泻黄散，或用太清饮去木通，加生地、白芍。
一切食滞成积，消食丸。凡旦昼阳盛，谷气易消，食可饱；暮则阴盛，谷气难化，食宜少。夏暑秋凉，晚餐
尤宜简泊，则脾不困胃不滞矣。
Drinks nourish Yang, and food nourishes Yin; diet is the means by which humans maintain health, with the Spleen and Stomach serving as the root of Qi production. When Stomach Qi is robust, one can eat more without stagnation, and even overeating does not lead to a lack of appetite. When the Spleen's transformation and transportation function is normal, it distributes essence to the Five Zang organs and nourishes the four limbs. If raw or cold foods injure the Stomach, or irregular eating habits injure the Spleen, causing the Middle Qi to weaken first, treatment should not focus solely on promoting digestion and removing stagnation. Instead, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with Fuling (Poria) and Sharen (Amomi Fructus). The "Middle Qi" refers to the harmonious primordial Qi of the Spleen and Stomach. However, the physiological characteristic of Stomach Qi is to descend smoothly, while the function of Spleen Qi is vigorous transformation. If the Stomach is strong but the Spleen weak, there will be rapid digestion but loose stools; if the Spleen is strong but the Stomach weak, there will be hunger but poor intake. Therefore, for Stomach Yang deficiency manifesting as belching after full meals, warming and unblocking methods are suitable, such as using Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Grandis), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Yizhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), Banxia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentum), Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus), Suzi (Perillae Fructus), and Guya (Setariae Fructus Germinatus). One must avoid cloying tonification which causes stagnation, and thus prohibit Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jiao Baizhu (Charred Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Pao Jiang (Prepared Zingiberis Rhizoma). For Spleen Yang deficiency manifesting as inability to digest large amounts of food, aromatic-drying methods are suitable, such as using Sharen, Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Yiyi Ren (Coicis Semen), Ju Bai (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Album), and Ji Neijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum). Cloying tonification causes stagnation, so Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and Yurou (Corni Fructus) are prohibited. For Spleen and Stomach Yin deficiency manifesting as anorexia and tastelessness, clearing and moistening methods are used to nourish, such as using Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Biandou (Dolichoris Semen), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Yuzhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Mahren (Semen Cannabis), Jingmi (Oryzae Sativa Grain), and Damai Ren (Hordei Fructus Germinatus). Digestive-promoting methods consume Qi and fluid, so Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Houpo, Zharon Rou (Crataegi Fructus), Luobozi (Raphani Semen), and Shenqu are prohibited. For vomiting and diarrhea caused by drinking cold liquids, or aversion to food due to food retention, accompanied by vomiting and abdominal fullness, this is Phlegm generated from Stomach Cold; use Hewei Erchen Jian (Harmonize the Stomach Erchen Decoction). When food fills the Taiyin channel causing abdominal stuffiness and colic, this is Food Syncope due to Liver Wood Stagnation; immediate emesis is required. Use salt water induced by Yin-Yang Water to provoke vomiting, followed by Huoxiang San (Agastache Powder) after pain subsides. For dietary retention causing epigastric stuffiness and abdominal distension, indicating obstruction of Fu Qi, digestive-promoting methods are used, such as Da Hezhong Yin (Greatly Harmonize the Middle Infusion). For vomiting and diarrhea from cold drinks with Spleen Yuan constrained, warm the Cold with Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) or Wenwei Yin (Warm the Stomach Infusion) minus Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). For postprandial Qi rebellion with hiccups and dysphagia, open the depression with Shenxiang San (Aromatic Powder) plus Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), and Banxia. For anger after eating causing hypochondriac fullness and pain, calm the Liver Qi with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Zhike, Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Shanzhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), and Sheng Baishao. For alcohol injury to the Middle causing fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, promote dampness drainage with Gehua Jiecheng Tang (Hovenia Decoction to Relieve Intoxication). For Liver-Stomach disharmony with wiry pulse and epigastric obstruction, drain Liver Wood to soothe Spleen Earth with Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Wuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Baishao, Jinju (Fortunellae Fructus), Yizhi Ren, Liangjiang (Alpiniae Katsumadai Rhizoma), Hongzao (Jujubae Fructus), and Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus). For dual decline of Spleen and Kidney with deficiency-Cold and slipping, warm the Middle and tonify Yang with Siwei San (Four Corner Powder) plus Roukou (Myristicae Semen). If only Kidney Yang declines, useershenshen Wan (Two Spirits Pill). Those fond of hot wine often have blood stasis in the epigastrium, treated with Yujin (Curcumae Radix), Muxiang, Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui, and Jiangzhenxiang (Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae). Those preferring cold food often have Middle Cold, treated with Bawei Lizhong Wan (Eight-Ingredient Regulate-the-Middle Pill). Stomach deficiency leads to vomiting, palpitations, and wind stirring, treated with Muli (Concha Ostreae), Baishao, Fushen (Poria cum Radix Pinelli), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Zhi Gancao, and Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini). Stomach excess leads to fullness and internal heat, treated with Zhishi Xiaopi Wan (Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Eliminate Pi) or Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Fresh Ginger Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium). Spleen deficiency leads to postprandial fullness, treated with Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder) minus Gancao, adding Sharen and Guya. Pi Dan (Spleen Heat) manifests as sweet taste and aversion to food, treated with Peilan Ye (Eupatorii Herba) decoction. Stomach Qi rebelling upward requires guiding turbid stagnation downward with Douchi (Sojae Semen Praeparatum), Zhishi, Zhuru, Gualou Ren (Trichosanthis Semen), Chenpi, Dilifen (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Bulbus), Houpo, and Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) in severe cases. Spleen Qi sinking requires raising clear Yang with Juyuan Jian (Raise the Origin Infusion). Dampness injuring Spleen and Stomach causing abdominal swelling and difficult defecation requires simultaneous ascending and descending to restore transformation and communication, using Banxia, Sharen Qiao (Shell of Amomi Fructus), Fuling, Ju Bai, Houpo, Zhishi, Caodoukou, and Wei Jiang (Roasted Zingiberis Rhizoma). If food lacks flavor, with bitter taste and insomnia due to Gallbladder Heat invading the Spleen, guide phlegm and drain heat to舒 (soothe) Earth depression, using Jiawei Wendan Tang (Modified Warm the Gallbladder Decoction) minus Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), adding Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Sangye (Mori Folium), and Sheng Zaoren. Vomiting acid after eating indicates Liver Qi rebelling against the Stomach; lower Fire and drain turbidity to reach Liver Wood depression, using Wuji Wan (Wu-Ji Pill) plus Fuling and Shanzhi. Hypochondriac stuffiness is treated with Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Coptis Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium). For reduced appetite: Spleen-Stomach deficiency-heat uses Anwei Yin (Peace the Stomach Infusion); Middle Qi deficiency-cold uses Yangzhong Jian (Nourish the Middle Infusion); Cold deficiency-pi uses Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); worry injuring Spleen uses Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction); Spleen dampness-water diarrhea uses Jiawei Pingwei San (Modified Level the Stomach Powder) or Weiling Tang (Stomach-Ling Decoction); Stomach Qi pain-rebellion uses Tiaoqi Pingwei Tang (Regulate Qi Level the Stomach Decoction). Inability to eat with emaciation indicates Spleen deficiency, treated with Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Fuling, Baizhu, Zhi Gancao, Danggui, Baishao, Renshen, Ji Neijin, Sharen, Chenpi, Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), and Huangmixie (Yellow Millet Husk) mixed and taken. Eating well yet emaciated indicates Stomach Fire, treated with Xiehuang San (Drain Yellow Powder) or Taiqing Yin (Supreme Clarity Infusion) minus Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) plus Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) and Baishao. All food retention forming masses are treated with Xiaoshi Wan (Digest Food Pill). Generally, during the day when Yang is abundant, grain Qi digests easily, allowing full meals; at night when Yin is abundant, grain Qi is hard to transform, so food intake should be less. In summer heat and autumn coolness, dinner should especially be light and plain, so the Spleen is not constrained and the Stomach does not stagnate.