凡五运者，乃五天之气也，皆主一年。太过来早，不及乘之，不及来晚，太过从之，即太
过先至十三日，不及后至十三日也，皆在大寒交司日前后也。昔垂象以示于伏牺，圣人占候，视
其五色之气，彰列虚空，圣机测天意以立气，而为五行。以五气终始之际，配名刚柔，而以立十
干。次以十二支为定位，立成二十八宿，命曰五气经天矣。故《太始天元玉册》曰∶丹天之气，
经于牛女戊分， 天之气，经于心尾己分，苍天之气，经于危室柳鬼壬分，素天之气，经于亢氐
昴毕庚分，玄天之气，经于张翼娄胃辛分。所谓戊己分者，曰奎壁角轸，则天地之门户，之所其
道矣。从卯辰巳午未申，行阳度二十五，半周天也，从酉戊亥子丑寅，行阴度二十五，半周天也。
自胃至房
十四宿，为阳，主昼，自昴至心十四宿，为阴，主夜。一日乃百刻之度也。
\r旧经天元五气经天之图\pt166a6.bmp\r
甲己 黄司宫土，（ 者，黄色也。黄气积于甲己，故应土运。其音宫，音声也，太而和
，曰宫也，故长夏土旺，万物太而和平。）乙庚素白主商金，（素者，白也。气积于乙庚，故应
金运。其音商，轻而粗曰商，故秋万物凋零，辙微劲切。）丁壬青苍为角木，（苍者，乃薄青色
也。青气横于丁壬，故应木运。其音角，轻而直曰角，故春则万物舒荣端直也。）丙辛黑玄水羽音，
（玄者，黑也，上微见紫绀，而黑之属也。黑气横于丙辛，故应水运。其音羽，沉而深曰羽，故
冬物藏而深沉也。）戊癸丹赤应征火，（丹者，深沉赤色也。赤气横于戊癸，故应火运也。其音
征，和而美曰征，故爱物蕃鲜美也。）五太甲丙戊庚壬，（甲太宫土，丙太羽水，戊太征火，庚太
商金，壬太角木，曰太过。阳干合阳支，阳用事，故疾速，故太过而盛者也。）五少乙丁癸辛己，
（乙少商金，丁少角木，癸少征火，辛少羽水，己少宫土，乃曰不及。阴干合阴支，阴用事，徐
迟不及而衰也。）欲知平运命加临。（平运者，阳年太过，阴年者不及，非太过、非不及者，平
气运也。木曰正角，火曰正征，土曰正宫，金曰正商，水曰正羽，然上下干支加临推之。）
The Five Movements (Wu Yun) are the Qi of the Five Heavens, each governing one year. When the movement is Excessive (Tai Guo, overabundance), it arrives early; when it is Deficient (Bu Ji, insufficiency), it takes advantage of the void. If the Deficient movement arrives late, the Excessive one follows it; thus, the Excessive movement arrives thirteen days in advance, and the Deficient movement arrives thirteen days late. These changes occur around the day of the "Great Cold" (Da Han) solar term transition.
In ancient times, celestial phenomena were manifested to enlighten Fuxi. The sages observed and predicted, seeing the Qi of five colors prominently arranged in the void. By deducing the will of Heaven, they established Qi, thereby forming the Five Elements (Wu Xing). Based on the beginning and end of the Five Qi, they matched names of Gang (Yang) and Rou (Yin) to establish the Ten Heavenly Stems. Subsequently, using the Twelve Earthly Branches for positioning, they established the Twenty-Eight Mansions, which is called "Five Qi Passing Through the Sky." Thus, the *Taishi Tianyuan Yu Ce* states: The Red Qi (Dan Tian Zhi Qi) passes through Niu, Nu, and the Wu sector; the Azure Qi (Cang Tian Zhi Qi) passes through Xin, Wei, and the Ji sector; the Azure Qi passes through Wei, Shi, Liu, Gui, and the Ren sector; the White Qi (Su Tian Zhi Qi) passes through Kang, Di, Mao, Bi, and the Geng sector; the Black Qi (Xuan Tian Zhi Qi) passes through Zhang, Yi, Lou, Wei, and the Xin sector. The so-called Wu and Ji sectors refer to Kui, Bi, Jiao, and Zhen, which are the gates of Heaven and Earth, the path where Qi travels. Moving from Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen constitutes the Yang degree of twenty-five, half a circuit of the sky; moving from You, Xu, Hai, Zi, Chou, Yin constitutes the Yin degree of twenty-five, also half a circuit. From Wei to Fang, fourteen mansions belong to Yang, governing the day; from Mao to Xin, fourteen mansions belong to Yin, governing the night. One day consists of one hundred ke (time units).
In years ending in Jia and Ji, Yellow governs the Central Palace Earth movement. ("Yellow" refers to the color yellow. Yellow Qi accumulates in Jia and Ji years, corresponding to the Earth movement. Its musical note is Gong, referring to sound; grand and harmonious is called Gong, so during Late Summer, Earth Qi is prosperous, and all things are grand and peaceful.) In years ending in Yi and Geng, White governs the Shang Metal movement. ("Su" means white. White Qi accumulates in Yi and Geng years, corresponding to the Metal movement. Its musical note is Shang, light and rough is called Shang, so in Autumn, all things wither, and the Qi is faint and sharp.) In years ending in Ding and Ren, Cyan governs the Jue Wood movement. ("Cang" refers to pale cyan. Cyan Qi traverses Ding and Ren years, corresponding to the Wood movement. Its musical note is Jue, light and straight is called Jue, so in Spring, all things flourish, upright and straight.) In years ending in Bing and Xin, Black governs the Yu Water movement. ("Xuan" means black, slightly showing purple-cyan, belonging to black. Black Qi traverses Bing and Xin years, corresponding to the Water movement. Its musical note is Yu, deep and profound is called Yu, so in Winter, all things hide and remain deep.) In years ending in Wu and Gui, Cinnabar/Red governs the Zhi Fire movement. ("Dan" refers to deep red. Red Qi traverses Wu and Gui years, corresponding to the Fire movement. Its musical note is Zhi, harmonious and beautiful is called Zhi, so it loves all things to be lush and fresh.)
The Five Tai (Excessive) correspond to Jia, Bing, Wu, Geng, Ren. (Jia is Tai Gong Earth, Bing is Tai Yu Water, Wu is Tai Zhi Fire, Geng is Tai Shang Metal, Ren is Tai Jue Wood, called Excessive. Yang Stems combine with Yang Branches, Yang Qi acts, thus swift, hence Excessive and prosperous.) The Five Shao (Deficient) correspond to Yi, Ding, Gui, Xin, Ji. (Yi is Shao Shang Metal, Ding is Shao Jue Wood, Gui is Shao Zhi Fire, Xin is Shao Yu Water, Ji is Shao Gong Earth, called Deficient. Yin Stems combine with Yin Branches, Yin Qi acts, thus slow and delayed, leading to deficiency and decline.) To know the Equilibrium Movement (Ping Yun), one must examine the superposition of Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches. (Equilibrium Movement occurs when an Yang year [normally Excessive] or Yin year [normally Deficient] does not manifest purely as Excessive or Deficient due to specific conditions, becoming Balanced Qi. Wood is Zheng Jue, Fire is Zheng Zhi, Earth is Zheng Gong, Metal is Zheng Shang, Water is Zheng Yu; however, these must be deduced by analyzing the superposition of upper and lower Stems and Branches.)