法四时五行而治 志云。法于四时五行。而为救治之法。高云延医之。
五行者金木水火土也 白虎通云。五行。言行者。欲言天行气之义也。汉艺文志云。五行者。五常之
形气也。释名云。五行者。五气也。于其方各施行也。尚书正义云。五行。即五材也。言五者。各有材干也。
谓之行者。若在天则五气流行。在地则世所行用也。
卒闻之 马云。卒。尽也。素问灵枢。言愿卒闻之者甚多。其义仿此。
肝苦急 吴云。肝为将军之官。志怒而急。急则自伤而苦之矣。宜食甘以缓之。则急者可平也。马云。
凡饮食药物皆然。
心苦缓 吴云。心以长养为令。志喜而缓。缓则心气散逸。自伤其神矣。急宜食酸以收之。
脾苦湿 吴云。脾以制水为事。喜燥恶湿。湿胜则伤脾土。宜食苦以燥之。
肺苦气上逆 吴云。肺为清虚之脏。行降下之令。若气上逆。则肺苦之。急宜食苦。以泄肺气。
肾苦燥急食辛以润之 张云。肾为水脏。藏精者也。阴病者苦燥。故宜食辛以润之。盖辛从金化。
水之母也。其能
开腠理。致津液者。以辛能通气也。水中有真气。惟辛能达之。气至水亦至。故可以润肾之燥。志云。以上论
五脏所主之时日。及五苦五味。以下论五脏之病。有间甚之时日。及五欲五补五泻。简按王好古汤液本草。有
五脏苦欲补泻药味之例。李中梓医宗必读。有苦欲补泻论。当稽考。
开腠理致津液通气也 滑云。此一句九字。疑元是注文。
持于冬 汪机云。愚谓执持坚定也。犹言无加无减。而平定也。
下晡 玉篇。晡。申时也。简按史记天官书。旦至食。食至日 。日 至 。 至下 。下 至日入。
知是下晡。在晡时之后。日入之前。吴以为申酉。是也。
急食辛以散之 吴云。肝木喜条达。而恶抑郁。散之则条达。故食辛以散之。
用辛补之酸泻之 吴云。顺其性为补。反其性为泻。肝木喜辛散。而恶酸收。故辛为补。而酸为泻也。
简按辛。金味也。金克木。乃辛在肝为泻。而云用辛补之何。盖此节。专就五脏之本性而言补泻。不拘五行相
克之常理也。下文心之咸亦同。
心欲软 吴云。心为火脏。心病则刚燥矣。宜食咸以软之。盖咸从水化。故能济其刚燥使软也。
用咸补之甘泻之 吴云。心火喜软而恶缓。故咸为补。甘为泻也。马云。此乃因其性而治之耳。
温食饱食 吴。温。作湿。注云。湿食。水果之类。高同。云。湿食。水湿之食也。张云。温。言
非热。防滞也。简按二说未详孰是。
日 书无逸疏。昃。亦名 。言日蹉跌而下。谓未时也。熊音。 。音迭。日昃也。简按吴云。
日。戌也。张云。日 曰 。
并误。盖 乃昃之讹。
下晡静 简按据前后文例。当是云日中静。王注一本或云之说。却似有理。然经文其例不一。往往
有如此者。姑仍旧注。
夜半静 简按据前后文例。当是云日 静。
肺欲收 张云。肺应秋气。主收敛。故宜食酸以收之。
HT 张云。 。音翠。HT 。音哀。 HT 。烧爆之物也。韵会。 。烧也。荀子解蔽注。 。
灼也。广韵。热甚也。
肾欲坚 张云。肾主闭藏。气贵周密。故肾欲坚。宜食苦以坚之也。高云。肾病则水 。故肾欲坚。
苦为火味。故能坚也。
至于所生而持 于。甲乙作其。非。
熊音。 。乎光反。目不明也。
胁支满 周语注。支。拄也。吴云。支满者。两胁支离而满也。志云。支满者。少阴之支络。满痛
于胁下也。并误。
胁下痛 甲乙。作两 痛。
肩甲 马云。甲。胛同。
舌下血者 张云。心主舌。故取舌下血。以泻其实。简按甲乙。无舌下二字。近是。
其变病 吴云。如笑不休之类。张云。谓病属少阴。而证有异于前说者。简按王为呕变。未允。
中 马云。手少阴之 。阴 穴也。（本于王注）张云。 。隙同。高云。其变病者。言始病心包
之经脉。今变病太阳之孙络。当刺 中。而取其血者。 中。足太阳之委中。乃 中央之合穴也。简按据刺腰
痛论。 中。即委中。刺疟论。太阳疟。刺 中。甲乙。作 中。王引黄帝中诰图经云。委
中主之。古法以委中为 中也。似高注不可废。
肌肉痿 马吴据新校正。肌。作饥。是。
善 甲乙。作善 。张云。 。手足掉掣也。简按玉机真脏论云。筋脉相引而急。病名曰螈。螈。
同。甲乙添 字。似非是。
少阴血者 张云。少阴肾脉也。脾主湿。肾主水。水能助湿伤脾。故当取少阴之血。以泄其寒实。如
厥病篇。治脾心痛者。亦取肾经之然谷太溪。义犹此也。简按马吴并从王注。觉允当。
尻阴股膝髀 足皆痛 马本。阴股二字句。而注文则尻阴股各一字句。未知孰是。吴云。肺为清虚
之脏。主呼出而升阳。肺病则清阳陷于下部。不能自升。邪气实而为痛耳。简按马张仍王义。今从之。
不能报息 张云。报。复也。不能报息。谓呼吸气短。难于接续也。
足太阳之外厥阴内血者 甲乙。内下。有少阴二字。张云。外。言前也。内。言后也。简按甲乙。
增少阴二字。义尤明白。
寝汗 张云。此肾经之实邪也。肾主五液。在心为汗。而肾邪侮之。心气内微。故为寝汗。如脉要
精微论。曰阴气有余。为多汗身寒。即此之谓。志云。太阳之气司表。而下出于膀胱。经气逆则表气虚。故寝
汗出而恶风。
憎风 说文。憎。恶也。王云。憎。谓深恶之。可疑。
粳米 灵五味篇。作 米饭。 。粳同。
葵 农书云。葵。阳草也。为百菜之主。备四时之馔。
小豆 五味篇。作麻。
藿 说文。藿。 之少也。仪礼公食大夫礼注。藿。豆叶也。
黄黍 张云。即糯小米。北方谓之黄米。简按本草。有丹黍无黄黍。齐民要术。引郭义恭广志云。
有湿屯黄黍盖。此谓黍中之黄者。金匮真言论。以黍为心之谷者。乃丹黍耳。农政全书云。古所谓黍。今亦称
黍。或称黄米。即与张所指同。
毒药攻邪 郑玄注周礼云。毒药。药之辛苦者。药之物恒多毒。书曰。药不瞑眩。厥疾不瘳。贾公
彦云。药之无毒亦聚之。但药物多毒。故曰毒药。王应电云。毒药。得天地之偏气。寒热之性过甚者也。人身
有不和之气。须以偏胜之物攻之。乃得其平。
五菜为充 吴云。充实于脏腑也。
或急 简按二字。王不释其义。诸家亦然。考前文无物性急者。疑是衍文。高特注云。或急者。肝
苦急也。兼言或急。则心或苦缓。脾或苦湿。肾或苦燥。肺或苦气上逆。皆在其中。此说傅会不可从。
Treatment follows the laws of the four seasons and the Five Phases (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water). Zhi Yun: Model after the four seasons and the Five Phases to formulate rescue methods. Gao Yun: Invite physicians for treatment.
The Five Phases are Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. *Baihu Tong* states: The term "Xing" (Movement/Phase) intends to explain the meaning of the movement of Qi in Heaven. *Han Shu · Yi Wen Zhi* states: The Five Phases are the formative Qi of the Five Constants (Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom, Trustworthiness). *Shi Ming* states: The Five Phases are five types of Qi, each acting in its corresponding direction. *Shangshu Zhengyi* states: The Five Phases are the Five Materials (Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth), saying that these five have their respective capabilities. They are called "Movement" because if in Heaven, they are the circulation of the five Qi; if on Earth, they are what people use.
Suddenly hearing this. Ma Yun: "Cu" means complete/exhaustive. In *Suwen* and *Ling shu*, there are many instances of "willing to hear completely," with meanings following this pattern.
The Liver suffers from tension/spasm (Ji). Wu Yun: The Liver is the official of the General, its emotion is anger which manifests as tension. Tension harms itself and causes suffering. It is appropriate to eat sweet-flavored foods to relax it, so that tension can be pacified. Ma Yun: This applies to all food and medicine.
The Heart suffers from flaccidity/laxity (Huan). Wu Yun: The Heart governs nourishment and growth, its emotion is joy which manifests as laxity. Laxity leads to the dissipation of Heart Qi and self-harm to the Shen (Spirit). One should urgently consume sour-flavored foods to astringe it.
The Spleen suffers from dampness (Shi). Wu Yun: The Spleen's task is to control water. It prefers dryness and dislikes dampness. Excessive dampness damages Spleen Earth. It is appropriate to consume bitter-flavored foods to dry it.
The Lung suffers from rebellious Qi ascending (Qi Shang Ni). Wu Yun: The Lung is a clear and empty organ, issuing commands to descend. If Qi rebels upward, the Lung suffers. One should urgently consume bitter-flavored foods to drain/rebel the Lung Qi downward.
The Kidney suffers from dryness; urgently consume pungent-flavored foods to moisten it. Zhang Yun: The Kidney is the Water Organ, storing Essence. Yin diseases suffer from dryness, so it is appropriate to consume pungent flavors to moisten. Pungent flavor transforms from Metal, which is the mother of Water. It can open the Cou Li (pores/skin texture) and produce Jin Ye (body fluids) because pungency can move Qi. There is true Qi within Water, only reached by pungency. When Qi arrives, Water also arrives, thus it can moisten the Kidney's dryness. Zhi Yun: The above discusses the days governed by the five Zang organs and the five sufferings/five flavors. The following discusses diseases of the five Zang organs, including times of severity/mildness, and the five desires, five tonifications, and five purgations. Jian An: Wang Haogu's *Tangye Bencao* has examples of drug flavors for tonifying/purging the five Zang based on their sufferings/desires. Li Zhongzi's *Yi Zong Bi Du* has a treatise on suffering/desire tonification/purgation; this should be consulted.
Opening Cou Li, producing Jin Ye, moving Qi. Hua Yun: These nine characters are suspected to be originally a commentary note.
Maintained in Winter. Wang Ji Yun: I believe this means firm adherence. Like saying no addition or subtraction, thereby achieving stability.
Xia Bu (Late afternoon). *Yu Pian*: Bu refers to the Shen hour (3-5 PM). Jian An: *Shi Ji · Tian Guan Shu* records: From dawn to meal time, meal time to Ri Ze (sun tilting), Ri Ze to before sunset, this period to Xia Bu, Xia Bu to sunset. Thus, Xia Bu is after the Bu hour and before sunset. Wu considers it Shen and You hours, which is correct.
Urgently consume pungent-flavored foods to disperse it. Wu Yun: Liver Wood likes free flow and hates depression. Dispersing it allows free flow, hence consuming pungent flavors to disperse.
Use pungent flavor to tonify, sour flavor to purge. Wu Yun: Following its nature is tonification; opposing its nature is purgation. Liver Wood likes pungent dispersal and hates sour astringency. Thus, pungent is tonification, sour is purgation. Jian An: Pungent is a Metal flavor. Metal overcomes Wood, so logically Pungent in the Liver should be purgation. Why does it say use Pungent to tonify? This section specifically discusses tonification/purgation based on the intrinsic nature of the five Zang organs, not bound by the constant rule of Five Phase overcoming. The same applies to the Heart's salty flavor below.
The Heart desires softness/pliability. Wu Yun: The Heart is a Fire organ. Heart disease makes it rigid and dry. It is appropriate to consume salty-flavored foods to soften it. Salty flavor transforms from Water, thus it can mitigate rigidity and dryness to make it soft.
Use salty flavor to tonify, sweet flavor to purge. Wu Yun: Heart Fire likes softness and hates laxity. Thus, salty is tonification, sweet is purgation. Ma Yun: This is treating according to its nature.
Warm food and full meals. Wu interprets "Wen" (warm) as "Shi" (wet/damp), noting that wet food refers to fruits etc. Gao agrees, defining wet food as watery/damp foods. Zhang Yun: "Wen" means not hot, preventing stagnation. Jian An: Unclear which explanation is correct.
Ri Ze (Sun tilting). *Shangshu · Wu Yi Shu*: Ze, also called [character], means the sun tilts down, referring to the Wei hour (1-3 PM). Xiong pronunciation: [Character], sound Die, means Ri Ze. Jian An: Wu says Ri Ze is Xu hour. Zhang says Ri Ze is [character]. Both are wrong. Probably [character] is an error for Ze.
Quiet at Xia Bu. Jian An: Based on context, it should say "Quiet at midday." Wang's commentary mentions a version saying "Quiet at [character]," which seems reasonable. However, the text varies often like this, so we retain the old commentary.
Quiet at midnight. Jian An: Based on context, it should say "Quiet at [character]."
The Lung desires consolidation/astringency. Zhang Yun: The Lung corresponds to Autumn Qi, governing consolidation. Thus, it is appropriate to consume sour-flavored foods to consolidate it.
[Characters describing sound/state]. Zhang Yun: [Character], sound Cui. [Character][Character], sound Ai. [Character][Character] refers to roasted/burst items. *Yun Hui*: [Character] means roast. *Xun Zi · Jie Bi* commentary: [Character] means scorch. *Guang Yun*: Extreme heat.
The Kidney desires firmness/stability. Zhang Yun: The Kidney governs closure and storage, Qi must be dense and secure, thus the Kidney desires firmness. It is appropriate to consume bitter-flavored foods to firm it. Gao Yun: Kidney disease leads to water overflow, thus the Kidney desires firmness. Bitter is a Fire flavor, thus it can firm it.
Regarding the generation and maintenance. In *Jia Yi Jing*, "Yu" is written as "Qi", which is incorrect.
[Character meaning unclear vision]. Xiong pronunciation: [Character], sound Hu Guang Fan, means unclear vision.
Fullness and distension in the hypochondrium. *Guo Yu* commentary: Zhi means prop/support. Wu Yun: Zhi Man means the two hypochondria feel supported and full. Zhi Yun: Zhi Man refers to the collateral branches of Shaoyin being full and painful in the hypochondrium. Both are wrong.
Pain under the hypochondrium. *Jia Yi Jing* writes "Pain in both hypochondria".
Shoulder blade. Ma Yun: Jia is the same as Jia (shoulder blade).
Those with blood under the tongue. Zhang Yun: The Heart governs the tongue, so take blood from under the tongue to drain excess. Jian An: *Jia Yi Jing* lacks the words "under the tongue", which is closer to correctness.
Its transformed disease. Wu Yun: Such as laughing incessantly. Zhang Yun: Refers to diseases belonging to Shaoyin but presenting differently from the previous description. Jian An: Wang's interpretation as vomiting transformation is not appropriate.
[Xizhong acupoint]. Ma Yun: Hand Shaoyin's Xizhong acupoint. (Based on Wang's commentary). Zhang Yun: Xi is the same as Xi (gap). Gao Yun: For transformed diseases, it means initially the disease was in the Pericardium meridian, now transformed into the Sun branch collaterals. One should puncture Xizhong and take its blood. Xizhong is Weizhong of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian, the He-Sea point of the center. Jian An: According to *Ci Yao Tong Lun*, Xizhong is Weizhong. *Ci Nu Lun* for Taiyang Malaria punctures Xizhong. *Jia Yi Jing* writes Xizhong. Wang cites *Huangdi Zhong Gao Tu Jing*: Weizhong governs it. Ancient methods consider Weizhong as Xizhong. Gao's commentary seems indispensable.
Muscle atrophy (Wei). Ma and Wu, based on Xin Zheng Jiao, change Ji (muscle) to Ji (hunger), which is correct.
Prone to [Chou/Convulsion]. *Jia Yi Jing* writes Prone to Chou. Zhang Yun: Chou means trembling and pulling of hands and feet. Jian An: *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun* says: Tendons and vessels pull and tighten, the disease is named Chou. Chou is the same as [Character]. *Jia Yi Jing* adding the character seems incorrect.
Shaoyin blood. Zhang Yun: Shaoyin Kidney pulse. Spleen governs dampness, Kidney governs water. Water aids dampness and damages Spleen, so one should take Shaoyin blood to drain cold-excess. As in *Jue Bing* chapter, treating Heart pain due to Spleen, one also takes Ran Gu and Tai Xi of the Kidney meridian; the principle is similar. Jian An: Ma and Wu follow Wang's commentary, which feels appropriate.
Pain in the sacrum, yin, thigh, knee, thigh bone, and foot. Ma's edition reads "Yin Gu" as two characters, while commentary treats "Kao", "Yin", "Gu" as separate. Unclear which is correct. Wu Yun: The Lung is a clear and empty organ, governing exhalation and raising Yang. Lung disease causes clear Yang to sink to the lower part, unable to rise itself, leading to pain due to pathogenic excess. Jian An: Ma and Zhang follow Wang's meaning, so we follow them.
Unable to resume breathing (Bu Neng Bao Xi). Zhang Yun: Bao means return/repeat. Unable to resume breathing means shortness of breath, difficult to connect.
Foot Taiyang exterior, Jueyin interior blood. *Jia Yi Jing* adds "Shaoyin" after "Nei" (interior). Zhang Yun: Wai (exterior) means front. Nei (interior) means back. Jian An: *Jia Yi Jing* adding "Shaoyin" makes the meaning clearer.
Night sweats (Qin Han). Zhang Yun: This is excess pathogen of the Kidney meridian. Kidney governs the five fluids; in the Heart it is sweat. Kidney pathogen insults it, Heart Qi becomes internally weak, thus night sweats. As *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun* says: Excess Yin Qi leads to profuse sweating and cold body, which is this case. Zhi Yun: Taiyang Qi governs the exterior and descends from the Bladder. Rebellious meridian Qi leads to deficient exterior Qi, thus night sweats and aversion to wind.
Aversion to wind (Zeng Feng). *Shuo Wen*: Zeng means hate/dislike. Wang Yun: Zeng means deep dislike. Dubious.
Jing Mi (Indica rice). *Ling Shu · Wu Wei* chapter writes [Character] rice. [Character] is same as Jing.
Kui (Mallow). Agricultural book says: Kui is a yang grass, chief among hundred vegetables, preparing meals for four seasons.
Xiao Dou (Small bean). *Wu Wei* chapter writes Ma (Sesame/Hemp).
Huo (Bean leaves). *Shuo Wen*: Huo is young [Character]. *Yi Li · Gong Shi Da Fu Li* commentary: Huo is bean leaves.
Huang Shu (Yellow millet). Zhang Yun: That is glutinous small millet, called Huang Mi (yellow rice) in the north. Jian An: *Ben Cao* has Dan Shu (red millet) but no Huang Shu. *Qi Min Yao Shu* cites Guo Yigong's *Guang Zhi*: There is Shi Tun Huang Shu cover. This refers to the yellow variety of Shu. *Jin Gui Zhen Yan Lun* says Shu is the grain of the Heart, which is Dan Shu. *Nong Zheng Quan Shu* says: What ancients called Shu is now also called Shu, or Huang Mi, which matches Zhang's reference.
Poisonous drugs attack evil pathogens. Zheng Xuan's commentary on *Zhou Li*: Poisonous drugs refer to drugs that are bitter and pungent. Drugs inherently contain much toxicity. *Book of Documents* says: If drugs do not cause dizziness/toxic reaction, the severe disease will not heal. Jia Gongyan says: Even non-toxic drugs accumulate toxicity. But most drugs are toxic, hence called poisonous drugs. Wang Yingdian says: Poisonous drugs obtain the biased Qi of Heaven and Earth, having extreme cold or hot natures. The human body has discordant Qi, which must be attacked by substances with superior bias to achieve balance.
Five vegetables provide supplementation. Wu Yun: Supplementing the Zang-Fu organs.
Or urgent/tense. Jian An: These two characters, Wang does not explain their meaning, nor do other families. Checking previous texts, there are no things described as "urgent/nature-tense". Suspect it is a superfluous text. Gao specially notes: Or urgent refers to Liver suffering from tension. Including "or urgent" implies Heart may suffer from laxity, Spleen from dampness, Kidney from dryness, Lung from rebellious Qi. All included. This forced interpretation should not be followed.