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All originate from the Baozhong (uterus/bladder center). Those that float and run externally converge at the throat, branch off to connect with the lips and mouth. This indicates that the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) not only reaches the chest but also ascends to the cheeks and follows the face; therefore, the diseases of the Chong Mai are cited again to clarify this point. Jian An: The previous annotations all refer to treating the Mai of the Yangming channel, whereas the aforementioned "ascends to the cheeks and follows the face" refers to the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel). Gao's citation of the *Wu Yin Wu Wei* chapter to interpret this as the Chong Mai is incorrect.

Jian Xi (Stiff Knees): Gao states: "Jian means difficulty. Jian Xi means difficulty in advancing the knee. Because the knee is stiff, it cannot flex when extended." Jian An: *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: "Jian means limping." *Shi Ming* states: "Jian means limping and being unable to engage in labor." Gao's definition of "difficulty" is seen in the *I Ching* (Book of Changes), Hexagram Jian.

Zhi Qi Jian (Treat its Jian): Zhang states: "The femur is called Jian. (See detailed explanation below.) To treat its Jian refers to treating the area above the knee auxiliary bone and below the transverse bone of the anterior yin, likely referring to acupoints such as Bituan on the Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel."

Zhi Qi Ji (Treat its Ji): Zhang states: "The movable place in the bone gap beside the buttocks is called Ji, which is the Huantiao acupoint on the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel."

Shu Jie (Heat-induced Flaccidity): Wu states: "Heat accumulated in the bones causing flaccid disintegration of the limbs." Zhang states: "For those whose limbs become flaccid and uncontrolled due to standing in summer heat, one should treat the Haiguan, which is the Yangguan acupoint on the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel." Jian An: Wang Yinzhi's interpretation seems correct.

Mu Zhi (Thumb): Xiong phonetically annotates: "Mu sounds like 'mu'. It is the big toe." Wu states: "It is the little toe." This is where the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel originates, so one treats it. Zhang agrees. Zhi states: "The big toe of the foot is where the Jing and Ying streams of the Jueyin Liver Channel are located. The Jueyin meridian ascends along the medial aspect of the ankle, so one should treat it." Gao states: "Foot big toe." Jian An: *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: "Mu is the great finger." Yan Shigu's annotation on *Ji Jiu Pian* states: "Mu is the big toe, also known as Jiang Zhi." Wu's note is erroneous.

Ru Wu Yin Zhe (Like an object hidden inside): Ma states: "As if there were an object hidden inside the knee, one should treat the Guan acupoint. It is suspected to be the Chengfu acupoint, belonging to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel, located in the gluteal fold below the sacrum." Gao states: "Yin means concealed. Knee pain as if an object is hidden implies swelling and pain as if an object is stored within."

Bei Nei (Inner Back): Wu states: "This refers to Qi acupoints of the Taiyang channel, such as the Back-Shu points." Zhi Gao agrees. Jian An: Ma and Zhang follow Wang Bing's annotation, identifying it as Dazhu, which is likely incorrect.

Zhi Yangming Zhong Yu Cun (Treat the Middle Shu Cun of Yangming): Wu states: "Yu Cun refers to the Six Shu points (Jing, Ying, Shu, Yuan, Jing, He), selecting the appropriate ones." Zhang states: "Wang's annotation considers it to be Zusanli." I believe it refers to the Shu point of the Yangming channel, which should be Xangu. Gao states: "Cun is a bone point. Zhong Yu is the Shu point of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel. Among the Five Shu points, Jing and Ying are anterior, Jing and He are posterior, and Shu is in the middle, hence called Zhong Yu Cun. It is located between the toes, specifically the Xangu acupoint."

Ruo Bie (If Different/Alternative): Ma states: "Refers to the Zusanli acupoint, but wishing to select alternative acupoints." Wu states: "If the pain branches out, it is suitable to treat Tonggu, the Ying point of the Great Yang (Taiyang) channel, and Rangu, the Ying point of the Shaoyin channel." Zhang states: "If seeking other treatment methods, then Tonggu, the Ying point of the Foot-Taiyang channel, and Rangu, the Ying point of the Foot-Shaoyin channel, can both treat the aforementioned conditions." Jian An: Based on the textual meaning, Zhang's note is closer to the truth.

Yin Luo (Flaccid Coldness): Zhang states: "Spermatorrhea and dribbling urine. As stated in the *Ben Shen* chapter: 'When essence is injured, bones become flaccid and cold, and essence flows down spontaneously,' which refers to this section." Gao states: "Yin means extreme; Luo means cold. Yin Luo Jin Cun describes extreme cold causing emaciation of the lower legs." Xiong phonetically annotates: "Luo, pronounced 'lu'." Jian An: This describes the appearance of emaciated shins. The *Ling Shu: Jue Bing* chapter mentions "Wind Bi Yin Luo" and "Thigh and Shin Yin Luo." Chao Yuanfang's *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* mentions "Skin Yin Yue" and "Yin Yin Yue Yue." *Zhou Hou Fang* states: "In Wind Shi, Yin Yue makes one unaware of the location of pain." *Ben Cao Hei Zi* states: "Li Gu (Cat Bone) treats Feng Zhu, Shi Zhu, Gui Zhu. When toxic vapors are in the skin, feeling like needles pricking with Yin Yue sensation." *Qian Jin Fang* mentions "Hidden Zhen sixty-four types of wind, Yin Ye entering the skin." Chao Yuanfang's *Zhu Bing* mentions "Muscle Yin Yi" and "Yin Yi on the skin, coming and going with striking pain." *Wen Xuan: Mei Cheng Qi Fa* states: "Blood vessels Yin Zhuo, hands and feet lazy and weak." Li Shan's annotation: "Yin Zhuo means excessive and enlarged." Also: "Zhuo means large." *Long Kan Shou Jian* states: "HT (sound 'yao'), disease of Yin; KT (disease of consumption). Both relate to the 'Luo' in Yin Luo. Thus, Yin Luo, Yin Yue, Yin Ye, Yin Yi, and Yin Zhuo are synonymous. Zhang and Gao's interpretations are forced, and Wang's annotation is also unsatisfactory. In the annotation for *Ling Shu: Jue Bing*, Ma states: "In Wind Bi, the pathogenic qi infiltrates and consumes, making the disease hard to cure." Zhang states: "Yin Luo means infiltration deepening day by day." Both explanations are acceptable.

Zhi Shaoyang Zhi Wei (Treat the Weis of Shaoyang): Zhang states: "Wei means collateral. The *Jing Mai* chapter says: 'The branch of Shaoyang is named Guangming, five cun above the malleolus; if one cannot sit and rise, take the point where it branches.' " Jian An: *Bi Que Zhuan* mentions "Zhong Jing Wei Luo," knowing that "Wei" refers to collaterals.

Fu Gu Shang Heng Gu Xia Wei Jian (Above the Auxiliary Bone and Below the Transverse Bone is the Jian): Wu states: "Auxiliary bone is the knee auxiliary bone; transverse bone is the waist transverse bone. Thus, Jian is the femur." Zhang agrees. Gao states: "The text above says: 'Stiff knees, unable to extend or flex, treat its Jian.' What is meant by Jian is 'above the auxiliary bone and below the transverse bone is Jian.' Both thighs and shins have auxiliary bones, which are bones beside the major bones. This auxiliary bone is the lateral bone of the inner thigh. The transverse bone is the bone on both sides of the lower abdomen below the navel." Jian An: There are two types of auxiliary bones, and the text lacks verification, leaving it doubtful. Shen Tong's *Shi Gu* states: "From the ilium downwards, above the knee, is called Tibia (Bi Gu) or Femur (Gu Gu). The straight part is called Jian. Examining dry bones, the Bi Shu is located beside the Guan, not at the end of the Ji, yet commentators name the Tibia as Bi Shu bone and consider it below the Jian bone, which is very wrong. Examining 'Jian', it is interchangeable with 'Jian' (key). *Shuo Wen* states: 'Jian, stops the door.' *Yan Shi Jia Xun* states: 'Cai Yong's *Yue Ling Zhang Ju* says: Jian, is the lock pin, used to stop the door leaf.' The meaning of Jian bone is likely derived from this. Zhang states: 'Jian, sound 'jian', hard wood.' This seems inappropriate.

Xie Kuan Wei Ji (Beside the Hip is the Ji): Wu states: "Kuan is between the two thighs. The junction beside the hip is Ji." Zhang states: "Kuan is the sacrum, i.e., the buttock. Alternatively, it is between the two thighs. Ji is the pivot. Beside the buttock, it is the moving mechanism above the Jian bone, hence 'Beside the Hip is Ji.' This corresponds to the Huantiao acupoint." Gao states: "The text above says: 'Sitting with knee pain, treat its Ji.' What is meant by Ji is 'Beside the Hip is Ji.' Xie means together. Kuan is the side bone above the buttock." Shen Chengzhi's *Jing Luo Quan Shu* states: "Kuan is the hip bone, also called Huai (waist malleolus). Beside the spine, in the depression when standing flat, pressing reveals bone, the moving joint, is this." Shen Tong states: "Beside the Guan is Bi Shu, also called Shu Ji, which is the entry of the Bi bone into the pivot." Jian An: *Shuo Wen* states: "Kuan is above the thigh." *Guang Ya* and *Shi Ming* state: "KT (Waist bone)." There is no basis for calling the space between the thighs "Kuan."

Xi Jie Wei Hai Guan (Knee Resolution is the Hai Guan): Zhang states: "Hai, sound 'xie'. *Shuo Wen* states: 'Tibia bone.' Above the tibia, at the knee joint resolution, is the Hai Guan." Gao states: "The text above says: 'Standing and heat resolves, treat the Hai Guan.' What is meant by Hai Guan is the decomposed area behind the knee." Shen Tong states: "Accordingly, it is the auxiliary bones above and below the outer knee resolution. The name Guan likely takes the meaning of two bones opening and closing, so it refers to both bone resolution and the two bones together."

Lian Hai (Connecting Hai): Zhang states: "On both sides above the knee, there are high bones clamping the knee, connecting with the Hai bone, hence called Lian Hai."

Hai Xia Wei Fu (Below Hai is Fu): Zhang states: "The high bone below Lian Hai is the internal and external Fu bones." Gao states: "Hai Xia is below the Hai Guan." Shen Tong states: "The bones clamping the knee are called Fu bones. Internal is Neifu, external is Waifu. Specifically using Hai Shang as Fu... (*Gu Kong Lun* says: 'Hai Xia Wei Fu.' 'Xia' is likely a typo for 'Shang')."

Ze Xi Pang Bu Yue Fu, Er Yue Lian Hai. Hai Shang Zhe, HT Shang Duan Ye. Jian An: *Shi Jing* says: "You Nai Qi Er Fu." (Justice says: Fu is a detachable object, like binding a stick to the spokes to prevent wheel collapse.) *Zuo Zhuan* says: "You Fu Che Xiang Gen Ju." (*Han Feizi: Shi Guo* chapter says: 'Yu having Guo is like a chariot having Fu. Fu relies on the chariot. Fu also relies on Fu.') This shows Fu is the axle clamp, thus borrowed for cheekbone, and further borrowed for clamping the knee. According to Shen Tong, if Hai Shang is Fu, then the following text "Fu Shang Wei Cun" should also be "Fu Xia Wei Cun." This is certainly impossible.

Fu Shang Wei Cun (Above Fu is Cun): Zhang states: "Above the Fu bone, towards the posterior curve of the knee is Cun, another name for Weizhong acupoint."

Cun Shang Wei Guan (Above Cun is Guan): Zhang states: "The movable bone joint above Cun is what is called Hai Guan." Gao states: "The text above says: 'Knee pain as if an object is hidden, treat its Guan.' What is meant by Guan is 'Above Cun is Guan,' above the bend of the leg."

Tou Heng Gu Wei Zhen (Transverse Bone of Head is Zhen): Zhang states: "The transverse bone at the back of the head is the Occipital bone." Gao states: "The text above says: 'Knee pain unable to flex or extend, treat its Bei Nei.' The back connects to the Occipital bone, so instead of explaining Bei Nei, it explains Tou Heng Gu Wei Zhen. Knowing Tou Heng Gu is Zhen, one knows the straight spinal bone is Bei." Jian An: Gao's interpretation is forced. Zhi states: "The essence of bones, from the marrow cavity of the Occipital bone, converges in the brain. Thus, discussing the bones of the knee Cun, it says Tou Heng Gu Wei Zhen, indicating the upper and lower connection of bone qi." This explanation is somewhat coherent. However, examining the context, there must be other chapters explaining the names of whole-body joints; this is a fragmented text. Since the above text has names like Jian, Ji, Hai, Guan, later additions here explain why there is no "Treat its Zhen" in the above text. *Yi Qie Jing Yin Yi* states: "HT (Sheng Lei says: Something resting in the neck). *Kao Sheng*: Bone at the back of the head. Now called Yu HT. Knowing Zhen is also written as HT."

Zuo You Ge Yi Hang (Left and Right Each One Row): Gao's edition has "Two Rows," annotated: "Hang, sound 'hang'. Old editions erroneously had 'Left and Right Each One Row', now corrected to Two Rows. Above Fubu, two rows, five per row, meaning left and right each two rows, five per row, totaling twenty Shu points, their Shu points are in Cun. Above the malleolus, each one row, six acupoints per row, meaning twelve Shu points left and right, their Shu points are in the foot. These are fifty-seven Water Shu points, originating from the Kidney." Jian An: Examining the *Shui Re Xue Lun* chapter, if it were one row, it would not match the number fifty-seven. Now following Gao.

Nao Hou Wu Fen (Five Fen Behind the Brain): Gao writes "Three Fen."

Zai Lu Ji Rui Gu Zhi Xia (Below the Sharp Bone at the Temporal Margin): Wu deletes the character "Zai". Gao states: "At the Xuanchu acupoint. Xuanchu is below the sharp bone on both sides of the head. Rui Gu is a pointed bone." Jian An: Xuanchu is in the temporal region near the curved horn, cannot be described as "behind the brain." Commentators still follow Wang Bing's identification as Fengfu. Now we follow them.

Cun Ji Xia (Below the Base of Cun): Wu states: "Refers to an empty space at the base of the upper Cun inside the mouth." Zhang states: "In the gum line of the upper teeth, it is called Cun Jiao; thus, in the gum line of the lower teeth, it should be Cun Ji. Now saying 'Base Below' refers to the fissure in the midline bone below the chin." Ma agrees. Yun states: "Belongs to the Ren Mai Channel." Jian An: Lower chin should be below Chengjiang. Wu's note seems to refer to Yinjiao.

Fu Gu: Ma states: "In the middle of the back of the neck, above the compound bone, is the Yanmen acupoint." Wu states: "There are three bones in the neck. At the second of the middle bone, there is another compound bone, hence 'Middle Compound Bone Below.' It is likely the Dazhui acupoint." Zhang states: "It is the hollow of the vertebral joint above Dazhui. 'Fu' should be 'Fu' (lying prone). The three segments of the neck bones are not very prominent." Jian An: Zhang's note is correct. However, Fu and Fu are interchangeable; "Gu Zheng Fu Lian" is sometimes written as "Fu Lian." One Fu time is originally one Fu time, so there is no need to change the character.

Kao Gu Xia Kong (Empty Space Below the Sacral Bone): Ma, Wu, and Zhang follow the New Correction, identifying it as Changqiang. Now we follow them.

Shu Sui Kong Zai Mian Xie Bi (Multiple Marrow Empties on the Face Clamping the Nose): Zhang states: "Shu means multiple places. On the face: Chengqi, Juliao of Foot-Yangming; Quanliao of Hand-Taiyang; Jingming of Foot-Taiyang; Sizhukong of Hand-Shaoyang; Tongziliao, Tinghui of Foot-Shaoyang. Clamping the nose: Yingxiang of Hand-Yangming, etc., all are bone empties on the face."

Dang Liang Jian Liao (Opposite the Shoulder Blades): Jian An: *Jia Yi Jing* states Daying is also called Sui Kong, so Wang Bing considered it Daying.

Cun Zhong Zhi Yang (Yang in the Middle of Cun): Wu states: "Cun Yang is outside the Cun." Zhang states: "Cun is the shoulder blade. Zhong Zhi Yang is the upper part of the middle of the shoulder, i.e., next to Jianliao of Hand-Yangming." Zhi states: "Yang means lateral side." Jian An: *Shuo Wen* states: "Cun is the scapula."

Bi Gu Kong Zai Bi Yang Qu Huai Si Cun (Bone Empty of Arm is on the Yang Aspect of the Arm, Four Cun from the Malleolus): Zhang states: "Bi Yang is the outer arm. Four cun from the malleolus, between the two bones, is next to Sanyangluo of Hand-Shaoyang. Also named Sanyangluo." Wu states: "The arm has two bones. About four cun from the malleolus, the marrow empty is between them. Bi Yang is the outer arm." Jian An: *Jia Yi Jing* states Sanyangluo is above the intersection of meridians in the arm, one cun above Zhigou. And *Jia Yi Jing* also states Zhigou is two cun behind the wrist, between the two bones, in the depression. In this case, it does not match the "four cun from the malleolus" count, which is doubtful. Wu does not specify a certain acupoint, which seems plausible.

Gu Ji Gu Kong (Bone Empty at the Thigh Junction): Wu states: "Gu Ji bone is the Qugu bone at the anterior yin." Zhang states: "Below the pulsating point in the pubic hair, referring to below the pulsation of Chongmen of Foot-Taiyin Spleen Channel, on both sides of Qugu in the thigh junction." Gao states: "Gu Ji is the junction of the yin and thigh. The Gu Ji Gu Kong is below the pulsating point in the pubic hair, below the artery, straddling the seam." Jian An: Qugu is at the pubic hair margin. Now saying "in the pubic hair" cannot be definitively identified as the Qugu acupoint.

Kao Gu Kong (Sacral Bone Empty): Zhi states: "Kao Gu is the gluteal bone. Bi Gu is above the femur, on both sides of the lesser thigh, a prominent large bone, connecting downward anteriorly to the transverse bone and posteriorly to the Kao bone." Gao states: "Kao Gu is the coccyx. Bi Gu is the lateral gluteal bone. Behind the Bi, four cun apart, is exactly where the Kao Gu Kong is." Jian An: Regarding the above bone empties, commentators identify them as specific acupoints, except Zhi Gao who does not annotate acupoint names, likely having a specific insight.

Bian Gu You Shen Li Cou (Flat Bones Have Seeping Texture Convergence): Zhang states: "Flat bones, compared to round bones. All round bones contain marrow, and marrow contains marrow pores. But flat bones have textures for blood vessel seepage and convergence, without internal marrow." Wu agrees. Gao states: "Flat bones are the ribs intersecting the chest and spine." Zhi agrees. Jian An: Flat bones generally refer to all flat bones in the body; Zhang's note is correct.

Yi Sui Wu Kong (Changing Marrow Has No Pores): Wu states: "There are only seeping textures, no more marrow pores. Thus, changing form without substance means no pores." Gao states: "Yi means exchange. Flat bones have moist seeping textures converging at the chest and spine, internally having no marrow pores. Clarifying that the seeping texture convergence is the exchange of marrow. Having no marrow pores means no emptiness at both ends." Jian An: Gao seems stable and appropriate. Ma and Zhi follow Wang Bing.

Jiu Han Re Zhi Fa (Method of Moxibustion for Cold and Heat): Zhang states: "The moxibustion methods for cold and heat below mostly speak of deficiency consumptive diseases, but one should select points according to the disease and channel."

Zhuang Shu (Number of Moxa Cones): *Qian Jin Fang* states: "Whenever 'number of Zhuang' is mentioned, for strong adults with deep-rooted diseases, it can be doubled from the formula number. For the old, young, and weak, it can be halved." Shen Kuo's *Bi Tan* states: "Medical use of one moxa cone burning is called one Zhuang, based on strong adults. If it says several Zhuang, strong adults should follow this number. The old, young, and weak should reduce it according to their capacity."

Jue Gu: Jian An: *Shuo Wen* states: "Jue, stake. Also HT, sacral bone." Knowing Jue Gu is the HT bone. Originally written as Jue, incorrect.

Xian Zhe Jiu Zhi (Moxa Depressions): Zhang states: "Depressed areas are where meridian qi is insufficient."

Jian Shang Xian Zhe Jiu Zhi (Moxa Depressions on Shoulders): Gao states: "The Shu points of the five zang and six fu organs are all in the back. Thus, observe the Back-Shu points; if the Shu points are depressed internally, moxa them on the left and right. The method of observation requires raising the arms and shoulders. Where the back is depressed upon raising the arms and shoulders, moxa it." Jian An: Commentators interpreting it as Jianliao are too rigid. Below, Gao does not specify acupoint names.

Cun Xia Xian Mai (Depressed Pulse Below Cun): Zhang states: "Chengshan acupoint of Foot-Taiyang."

Dong Ru Jin Zhe (Moving Like Sinew): Zhang states: "This is condensation. Moxa according to whatever is present, do not be restricted to Shu points." Wu states: "This does not refer to an acupoint, but a nodule between muscles."

Zhang Shu Gu Xia (Below the Palm Bundle Bone): Gao states: "Shu Gu is the transverse bone. Zhang Shu Gu Xia is like saying palm below Shu Gu, referring to the transverse bone crease, Daling two acupoints." Lou's *Gang Mu* states: "Wang's annotation of Yangchi, unclear if correct." Jian An: *Jia Yi Jing* states Yangchi is in the depression in the middle of the wrist crease. Daling is in the depression between the two tendons of the palm. It is unknown which is correct.

Quan Suo Nie (Bitten by Dog): Zhang states: "Dog bites causing cold and heat, ancient times had such moxibustion methods." Wu states: "Ancient times had separate moxibustion methods, hence the statement." Jian An: *Qian Jin Yi Fang* states: "Rabies bite, suck out all evil blood, moxa one hundred Zhuang. Then moxa daily for one hundred days." *Tong Ren Jing* states: "Waiqiu treats dog bites, toxin not exiting, causing cold and heat. Quickly use three Zhuang moxa, moxa the bite site, immediate recovery." Nie was originally written as Nie, incorrect.

Er Shi Jiu Chu (Twenty-Nine Locations): Zhang states: "From above the dog bite, totaling twenty-nine locations. Dog bites have no fixed location, so they are not included in the count." Jian An: Gao combines two dog bite locations to make twenty-nine. However, the text has no mention of two dog bite locations, so it cannot be followed. Now examining from Dazhui to one above Diangu, combining left and right totals twenty-seven locations, plus dog bites, makes twenty-eight locations. Knowing that as the New Correction states, removing the characters "moxa two" below "foot dorsum" is an error.

Shang Shi Jiu Zhi (Moxa Food Injury): Shang Shi, commentators interpret as dietary injury. Gao alone changes Shi to Shi (erosion), annotating: "If moxaing the twenty-nine locations causes erosion-like damage, and yang qi sinks, then one should moxa it." This is very forced.

Shi Qi Jing Zhi Guo Yu Yang Zhe (Observe Meridians Exceeding in Yang): Wu states: "Puncture to drain Yang, medicine to harmonize Yin." Zhang states: "Excess of Yang pathogenic qi."