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Zi Hezi treated Chang Zhongming. Once, during the hot summer, he exposed his skin in a windy place and was attacked by wind pathogen. This resulted in nasal obstruction for three days. Although sitting in a warm place provided slight relief, it never fully resolved. He was prescribed Tongsheng San (Universal Rescue Decoction) decocted with fresh ginger, green onion roots, and fermented soybeans. After taking three liang, profuse sweating occurred, and the nasal obstruction immediately cleared. (This condition arose from wind-cold injury.)

Another patient had nasal polyps protruding from the nostrils, causing anosmia. Equal parts of Genggen (Melon Stalk) and Xixin (Asarum) were ground into fine powder, wrapped in cotton like a bean, and inserted into the nose. Soon after, the nose cleared, and the polyps dissolved into yellow discharge, dripping out completely. The patient recovered in three to four days. Additionally, *Shenghui Fang* recommends using aged Genggen mixed with sheep fat applied topically, three times daily, which is also effective. (From *Yixue Gangmu*.)

Xue Lizhai treated a man who had been pale with clear rhinorrhea and anosmia for three years. (This indicates Lung Qi deficiency.) He was cured using Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) supplemented with Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit) and Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber).

Madam Chen, wife of Chancellor Chen, suffered from bi gan (nasal ulceration), with rotting extending through the nasal cavity. One liang of Deer Antler Bone, one liang of Bai Fan (Alum calcined on tile), and five qian of human hair (burnt over lamp flame) were ground into powder. The area was washed with Sichuan pepper water, and the powder was dusted onto the lesion. Recovery occurred after three or four applications. If the wound failed to close, Wasong (Roof Tile Moss) burnt to ash was used as a dry powder to promote healing.

A man presented with a red nose due to alcohol consumption. He took Jinhua Wan (Golden Flower Pill) at night, formulated with Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit), Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), and Ge Fen (Kudzu Starch), pillized with well water. Concurrently, he took Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) in its full formula, plus two liang of Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) and four liang of Kushen (Sophora Root), taken on an empty stomach. He recovered in less than two months.

Sun Wen Yuan treated Wu Yizhi Shangqing. In his youth, he suffered from nasal congestion and inability to sneeze for four years, accompanied by epistaxis, worsening in cold months, thirst, and phlegm nodules near the throat. Pulse diagnosis revealed a surging and slippery pulse at the right Cun and Guan positions, indicating Phlegm-Fire in the Lung Meridian. He was given Qianhu (Peucedanum Root), Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Root), Gegen (Pueraria Root), Bohe (Mint Herb), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthes Root), Yuanshen (Scrophularia Root), Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb), Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit), Gancao (Licorice Root), Bai Yaozi (Sargentodoxa Rhizome), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), and Danpi (Moutan Cortex). After four doses, epistaxis stopped. At night, he held several pills of Niuhuang Sanqing Wan (Calculus Bovis Three-Clearing Pill) in the mouth, which immediately restored nasal patency and olfaction. Full recovery occurred within ten days.

A young woman, constitutionally deficient in Wei Qi and susceptible to wind-cold, developed Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis) with continuous clear rhinorrhea, dizziness, frequent bilateral temporal headaches, and sneezing. Pulse diagnosis showed surging and large pulses at both Cun positions. She was treated with Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Root), Jiu Huangqin (Wine-fried Scutellaria Root), Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark), Malouling (Aristolochia Root), each 8 fen; Baishao (White Peony Root), 1 qian; Huashi (Talcum) and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), each 2 qian; Zhiqiao (Aurantium Fructus) and Manjingzi (Vernonia Seed), each 5 fen; and Gancao (Licorice Root), 3 fen. She recovered after four doses.

Nasal erythema is caused by Fire flaming upward from the Yangming Stomach Meridian. A prescription uses only salt, finely ground. Each morning, a small amount is rubbed on the teeth, swished with water, spat into the palm, and used to wash the face. After more than a month, the nasal color returned to normal, benefiting the teeth as well. (From *Su Tan*.)

Wu Fuxian treated a man suffering from Bi Yuan for ten years. The diagnosis was Spleen and Lung Qi deficiency with sinking. He required Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) for one hundred doses to recover. Distrusting this, he used Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Xin Yi (Magnolia Bud), and Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), which worsened his condition. Upon seeking treatment again, he was given the original prescription for one hundred doses and recovered.

Danxi treated a middle-aged man with turbid, foul-smelling discharge from the right nasal passage. Pulse was wiry and small, with a slippery right Cun and choppy left Cun. Acupuncture was performed at Shangxing (GV23), Zusanli (ST36), and Hegu (LI4). Subsequently, he took Jiu Huangqin (Wine-fried Scutellaria Root), 2 liang; Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), each 1 liang; Xin Yi (Magnolia Bud), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Renshen (Ginseng Root), and Gegen (Pueraria Root), each 5 qian. Divided into seven doses, he recovered completely. This was a case of Phlegm stagnation with Fire-Heat. (From *Da Huan*.)

Another patient had foul yellow discharge from the nose and headache, diagnosed as Kong Nao Sha (Brain-Controlling Malaria), attributed to worms eating the brain. Si Gua Teng (Luffa Vine) near the root, about 3-5 chi long, was burnt to retain its properties, ground into powder, and taken with wine. He recovered. Another method involves moxibustion at Xinhui (GV22) [located directly above the nose, 2 cun into the hairline, where a bean can fit] and Tongtian (BL3) [1 cun above Xinhui, 1 cun lateral to both sides]. Seven moxa cones are applied bilaterally according to the side of the nose. Often, a piece of foul-smelling necrotic tissue is expelled from the nose after moxibustion, leading to cure.

In a case of sudden ingestion where food retracted into the brain via the nose causing dull pain, beef tallow or mutton fat, sized like a finger joint, was inserted into the nose and inhaled. As the fat melted, the food was expelled along with it. (From *Zhifa Hui*.)

Sun Wen Yuan treated his nephew, Zhongshu. During the summer, while studying in Nanjing, he drank tea and found it regurgitating from the left nostril, with only 30% entering the stomach. After nearly a month of treatment, even porridge and rice came out of the nose. Medications increased nausea, dizziness, emaciation, and limb weakness. Upon inquiry, the previous doctors claimed the disease was unrecorded and lacked standard treatment. Some attributed it to Stomach Fire or Liver Fire causing upward counterflow, prescribing bitter-cold formulas like Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Poison Detoxification) or Sanhuang Shigao Tang (Three-Yellow Gypsum Decoction) without effect. Sun argued: Treating disease requires understanding meridian connections and organ interactions, not just blindly following texts. The Classics state: The throat is the pathway for water and grain, and the route for Qi ascent and descent. Hangsang (the posterior nasopharynx) is where Qi disperses. Failure to control rhinorrhea indicates Hangsang dysfunction. Similarly, here, Hangsang is closed, preventing Qi descent, and the epiglottis is weak, failing to cover the airway. Since the nose connects to the airway, lack of closure causes food/drink to exit via the nose. Just as normal people expel food via sneezing when Qi rebels, this patient’s right pulse was slow, weak, and powerless, clearly indicating Qi deficiency. The Classics state: Cold form and cold drinks injure the Lung. The Spleen and Stomach prefer warmth and dislike cold; thus, excessive cold herbs caused nausea, dizziness, and emaciation. The Lung belongs to Metal and governs Qi; strong Metal Qi converges and descends, ensuring food does not rebel. He was prescribed Liujunzi Tang (Six-Gentlemen Decoction) with Xin Yi (Magnolia Bud), Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark), Yiren (Coix Seed), and Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood). After one dose, symptoms eased; after three, they halted significantly; after seven, full health was restored.

Wang Zhizhong’s mother suffered from chronic nasal dryness with a sensation of cold air. Doctors were unaware of the cause, suggesting spontaneous resolution, which did not occur. She gradually improved after moxibustion at Jiegu (GB39). Wang himself often suffered from this; once, due to mild pain at Jiegu, he applied moxa, and the nasal dryness disappeared. Initially unaware of the connection, he later read *Qianjin Fang* confirming this symptom and realized the efficacy of moxibustion at Jiegu. For excessive rhinorrhea, moxibustion at Xinhui (GV22) and Qingding (GV21) is recommended. Treatment is similar for adults and children.

Xu Zhike always sneezed after stopping food intake. He recovered after taking Zaogao Wan (Jujube Paste Pill). (From *Benshi Fang*.)

Ms. Sun’s aunt had anosmia for years. Later, due to another illness, her friend Miao Zhongchun prescribed a formula containing large doses (7-8 qian) of Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark). Long-term use suddenly relieved her nasal congestion.

Wei Yuheng stated: Shen Jinpei, around thirty years old, suffered from Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis) with purulent, turbid discharge. Contemporary physicians attributed it to Wind-Heat invading the brain, prescribing classic formulas with Bohe (Mint), Xin Yi (Magnolia Bud), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum), Can Er Zi (Xanthium Fruit), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), and Manjingzi (Vernonia Seed). Treatment failed and exacerbated left-sided headache, with discharge primarily from the left nostril. I diagnosed Liver Fire flaming upward. He was given Sheng Di (Rehmannia Root), Shu Di (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Gouqi (Goji Berry), Shashen (Adenophora Root), and Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber). He recovered in over ten doses. This condition, caused by forceful blowing of rhinorrhea after wind-cold, is easier to cure. However, if caused by excess Fire due to Yin deficiency, it is more complex. The Liver Meridian connects to the vertex; the Du Meridian meets the brain, the sea of Marrow. Dragon Fire stagnation causes turbid, foul pus to flow continuously like an abyss. Over time, Marrow from the Du Meridian leaks, leading to consumptive diseases. Before Lizai, Song, Yuan, and early Ming physicians did not detail Liver-Kidney treatments. Later Qing masters clarified this but often mixed in Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), and Fuzi (Aconite Root). Only Jiling Gao (Spirit-Gathering Paste) is excellent, recorded in *Zhifa Hui*. It was said to be miraculous when used by a doctor in Suzhou, showing knowledge of efficacy but not mechanism. Clinging to outdated texts leads to many errors.

A blind man surnamed Xu, aged thirty, suffered from Bi Yuan for over a year. Physicians gave acrid-dispersing herbs, worsening his condition. He abstained from medication, maintaining mental calmness, avoiding misdiagnosis by mediocre doctors. When he met me, I taught him to take Jiling Gao (Spirit-Gathering Paste). He recovered in over ten doses.

A son of the Fei family, aged twenty-something, suffered the same condition. His physician prescribed Xin Yi (Magnolia Bud), Can Er Zi (Xanthium Fruit), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), Jingjie (Schizonepeta), and Bohe (Mint) for 120 doses. When he consulted me, his pulses lacked spirit and vitality. I declared it incurable, and he died over a month later.

*Guang Biji* states: The Classics say: Gallbladder heat transferring to the brain causes Bi Yuan. Marrow is the most refined substance, belonging to Water. The Brain is the most Yang organ, dwelling of Clear Qi. When disturbed by turbid Qi and evil Heat, foul yellow juice flows down, indicating Fire consumes substances and damages the Brain. Treatment should first clear and purify the Upper Jiao Qi pathway, then suppress Heart Fire and nourish Kidney Water. Generally, acrid-cool herbs are used because Acrid enters Metal/Lung, possessing clearing/purifying properties to disperse Upper Jiao pathogens, such as Bohe (Mint), Jingjie (Schizonepeta), Ganju (Chrysanthemum Flower), Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit), Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome), Niubangzi (Arctium Fruit), and Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizome). To suppress Heart Fire and nourish Kidney Water, use Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn - substitute with Niujiao or Shuiniu), Renshen (Ginseng Root), Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Zhusha (Cinnabar), Gancao (Licorice Root), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Fuling (Poria), and Danpi (Moutan Cortex). However, Lung and Liver must also be regulated. The Nose is the orifice of the Lung and the pathway for Brain Qi communication, treating the Upper Jiao with clearing commands. The Gallbladder represents Spring-rising Shaoyang Qi, exterior-interior related to Jueyin Liver, connecting upward to the Brain. It is said: "Gallbladder and Sanjiao seek Fire treatment." The *Neijing* states Gallbladder Heat originates from the Liver, clarifying this principle. To regulate the Lung, use Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark), Niubangzi (Arctium Fruit), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Erdong (Tiandong and Maidong), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), and Zhuli (Bamboo Sap). To clear Liver/Gallbladder, use Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Baishao (White Peony Root), Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn), Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings), Zaoren (Ziziphus Seed), and Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome). Some ask why acrid-warm/hot herbs often succeed. The answer lies in their ability to disperse and unblock; thus, they work for mild cases. This is a "following-treatment" or "plundering" method, not the standard approach, requiring discernment by wise practitioners.