【脉】 沉实，发热烦躁，外无 火赤痛，其邪深在内，故先疏通以绝其源。
脉浮大数， 肿在外，当先托里，恐邪入于内。
脉不沉不浮，内外证无，知其在经，当和营卫。
浮者太阳，长者阳明，弦者少阳。浮者在表，宜行经；沉者在里，宜疏利脏腑。缓者身
重，除湿。缓者湿胜，故重；脉大，心躁乍热，大者，心肺有热。脉弦，眩晕，有风，肝脉
。涩者，气滞乏津，泻气补血，涩者血虚。脉弦细，便溺多，溺寒水。脉细，为膀胱之寒水
。
【因】 火之属。
湿热相搏，肌肉败坏而为脓。营气不从，逆于肉里，乃生痈肿。营气，运气也，逆而不
行，其源在经。湿气外伤，害人皮肉，皆营气之不行也。其源在外，盛则内行。膏粱之变，
足生大疔，皆营气逆行，凝于经络。其源在里，发于表也。
【证】 疮疡诸症，皆营气盛，偏助火邪而作。随虚而出于经络也。如太阳经虚
，从背而出；少阳虚，从须而出；阳明虚，从髭而出；肾脉虚，从脑而出。微热则痒，热甚
则痛；血虚则痛甚，热甚则肿甚。
【治法】 外者，宜以辛凉发散之，通圣、凉膈、解毒是也。
内者，宜以苦寒下之，三黄汤、玉烛散是也。
中者，宜以调经，凉血等是也。
肿疡宜解毒，下之是也。溃疡宜托里，补之是也。如温经，加通经之药妙矣。夫邪气内
蓄肿
热，宜砭射之也。气胜血聚者，宜石而泄之。如肿疡年壮，谓伏热在心，可降其火。如溃疡
年老，发呕不食，谓虚，大补。病疮，腰脊螈 者死。
内疏黄连汤 治呕 发热，脉沉而实，肿硬色不变、根深，脏腑秘涩。
黄连 芍药 当归 木香 槟榔 黄芩 山栀 薄荷 甘草 桔梗（各一两） 连翘（二
两） 大黄（便秘加之。行经，黄芩、黄连、连翘、人参、木香、槟榔、柏、泽泻）。
在腰以上至头者，枳壳疏利脏腑，用前药中加大黄；痛者，当归、黄 止之。
伤煎散 治肿 于外，根盘不深。脉浮，邪气盛，则必侵于内，宜热之。
地骨皮 黄 白芍 黄芩 白术 茯苓 人参 当归 肉桂 甘草 防己（各一两）
防风（二两）
上以苍术一升，水五升，煎至半，去渣，入药煎服。便秘加大黄；热加黄连。
黄连消毒汤 治一切疮、疽、背、脑。
黄连（一钱） 黄芩 黄柏 地黄 知母（各四钱） 羌活 独活 防风 本 归尾 桔
梗连翘（各四钱） 黄 人参 甘草（各三钱） 苏木（二钱） 防己（五钱） 泽泻（二钱）
远志酒 忍冬酒 不问肿溃，皆有奏捷之功。然二酒有补性，归心归血之效。
金银花汤 治痛，色变紫黑者，回疮。
金银花并枝 甘草（各二两） 黄 （四两）
酒一升，闭口重汤煮、酒煮皆可。
乳香散 治痛，疮口大。
寒水石（ ） 滑石（各一两） 乳香 没药（五钱） 脑子（少许）
末糁口上。
雄黄散 治恶肉不去。
雄黄（一钱） 巴豆（一个，去皮尖） 乳香 没药（少许，另研）
细和匀，敷肉上。
木香散 治久不收口。
木香 槟榔 当归（各一钱） 黄连（二钱）
为末糁之。
出剩骨 血竭罨之，骨自出。
治漏疮剩骨 青橘叶 地锦草
上二件，杵成膏。先净疮口，用杜牛膝根内入疮中，以膏敷之，缚定。
一上散 治疮、疥癣。
雄黄（另） 硫黄（另，各五钱） 斑蝥（三个，去翅足，另） 黑狗脊（另） 寒水石 蛇床
子（炒，各五钱）
上细末，同匀油调擦上。加法随病。
金丝 其状如绳线，巨细不一，上下行，至心即死。可于疮头上截经刺之，出血
后，嚼萍草根涂之，立安。
治疔疮（刘先生方） 乌头尖 附子底 蝎梢 雄黄（各一钱） 蜈蚣（一两） 砂
粉霜 轻粉 麝香 乳香（各五分） 信石（二钱五分）
上末，先破疮口出血，亟以草杖头，用纸滞于内，以深为妙。
疔疮毒瓦斯入腹，昏闷不食。
紫花地丁 蝉蜕 贯众（各半两） 丁香 乳香
温酒下二钱。
治疔疮（李先生方） 归尾 没药 白芨 乳香 杏仁 黄丹 蓖麻 粉霜 巴豆
木鳖子 芝麻油 桃柳枝
上煎如法。白菊花紫茎者汁服，渣敷之。茜草根叶亦可。
疔疮先痒后痛，先寒后热，热定则寒，四肢沉重，头痛心惊，眼花呕逆则难治。
贴杖疮 虎骨 黄柏 黄连 黄芩 苦参
以五味煎，入油纸，煎又数沸，次以纸粘贴。
恶疮 霜后凋蕉叶干末敷，香油调，油纸掩。先用忍冬藤、葱、椒、金丝草洗，
松上白蚁泥
、黄丹炒黑，香油调敷，外用油纸夹上，日换。后用龙骨末药于口上收肉，黄丹入香油煎，
入朴硝抹疮上。
口疮神方 焰硝 硼砂
含口不开，以南星于涌泉醋敷之。
饮酒人口糜，导赤散、五苓散。
风寒遏绝，阳气不伸，声不出。
半夏（制，一两） 乌头 肉桂（各一钱）
煎服。
赤口疮 白矾（飞） 没药 乳香 铜绿 末糁。
白口疮 雄黄 没药（各一钱） 轻粉（五分） 巴豆
末糁。
唇紧燥裂生疮 用青皮烧灰，猪脂调敷。夜卧头垢亦可。
口痛疮 五味子（一两）、黄柏（蜜炙）、滑石（各五钱）铜绿加糁，白蔷薇汁，漱之
良。
有口疮不下食，众以狐惑治之，必死。未若以矾汤，于脚上浸半日，顿宽。以黄柏蜜炙
、僵蚕灼末敷，立下乳而安。
一方神效 西瓜外皮（烧灰），黄柏、黄连、朱砂、孩儿茶、硼砂为末，水调抹效
。
手痴疮 皂角 枯矾 轻粉 黄连 黄柏。
沙疮 闸极地藤烧灰。
足上毒疮 密陀僧、黄连，（敷之有法）、旱莲草（盐炒）、桑白皮打细作饼盖，干
易之。杜牛膝，无名异、金星草俱可。
治脚 五倍子（研）、牛脚髓同调浓朴。
治阴疮 腊茶、五倍子（等分）、腻粉（少许），孩儿茶妙。
又方 降真香，磨水抹，效。
[Pulse]
A deep and solid pulse, accompanied by fever and restlessness, with no external redness, swelling, or pain on the body surface, indicates that the pathogenic factor is deeply internal. Therefore, one should first unblock the meridians to cut off the source of the disease.
A floating, large, and rapid pulse with swelling located on the exterior suggests the need to first support the interior and expel toxins, fearing that the pathogen may enter inward.
A pulse that is neither deep nor floating, with no obvious internal or external symptoms, indicates the disease is in the meridians; thus, one should harmonize Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi.
A floating pulse corresponds to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel; a long pulse corresponds to the Yangming (Yang Brightness) channel; a string-like pulse corresponds to the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel. A floating pulse indicates the disease is at the exterior, suitable for unblocking the meridians; a deep pulse indicates the disease is at the interior, suitable for draining and benefiting the Zang-Fu organs. A slow pulse presents as heavy limbs, treated by removing dampness. The slow pulse results from excessive dampness, hence heaviness; a large pulse with heart vexation and alternating heat/cold indicates heat in the Heart and Lungs. A string-like pulse presents as dizziness, indicating wind invasion, characteristic of the Liver pulse. A choppy pulse indicates Qi stagnation and fluid deficiency, treated by purging Qi and nourishing Blood, as the choppy pulse signifies Blood deficiency. A string-like and fine pulse presents as frequent urination of cold water. A fine pulse indicates cold water in the Bladder.
[Etiology]
Sores and ulcers generally belong to the category of Fire pathogens.
When Damp-Heat clashes, muscles rot and turn into pus. When Ying (Nutritive) Qi does not flow smoothly and reverses within the muscle tissue, carbuncles and swellings arise. Ying Qi refers to circulating Qi; when it reverses and fails to move, its source lies in the meridians. External Dampness invades the human body, damaging skin and flesh, all due to the failure of Ying Qi to circulate. If the source is external, when the pathogen is strong, it moves inward. Changes caused by rich and greasy foods can lead to large Ding (hard boil) sores on the feet; this is all due to the reversal of Ying Qi, condensing in the meridians. If the source is internal, it manifests on the exterior.
[Symptoms]
Various symptoms of sores and ulcers occur because Ying Qi is excessive, assisting the Fire pathogen. As righteousness becomes deficient, the pathogen spills out into the meridians. For example, if the Taiyang channel is deficient, the sore appears on the back; if Shaoyang is deficient, it appears near the beard; if Yangming is deficient, it appears near the mustache; if the Kidney pulse is deficient, it appears on the head. Mild heat causes itching; severe heat causes pain. Blood deficiency leads to severe pain; severe heat leads to significant swelling.
[Treatment Methods]
For diseases at the exterior, acrid-cool dispersing methods are appropriate, such as Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Decoction), Liangge San (Cooling Diaphragm Powder), and Jiedu Tang (Detoxification Decoction).
For diseases at the interior, bitter-cold purgative methods are appropriate, such as Sanhuang Tang (Three Yellows Decoction) and Yuzhu San (Jade Candle Powder).
For diseases in the middle, regulating meridians and cooling blood methods are appropriate.
For un-ulcerated swellings, detoxification via purgation is suitable. For ulcerated lesions, supporting the interior via tonification is suitable. Adding meridian-unblocking herbs to warming meridian treatments yields excellent results. If pathogenic factors accumulate internally causing swelling and heat, Bian Shi (stone needle) therapy is indicated. If Qi excess and Blood stasis occur, stone needle drainage is appropriate. For young and robust patients with swellings, considered as latent heat in the Heart, fire-reducing methods are used. For elderly patients with ulcers presenting vomiting and anorexia, considered as deficiency, major tonification is required. Patients with sores and spasms of the waist and spine have a poor prognosis (death).
Neishu Huanglian Tang (Internal Draining Coptis Decoction): Treats vomiting and fever, deep and solid pulse, local swelling and hardness with unchanged color and deep roots, and constipation.
Ingredients: Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) (each 1 liang); Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) (2 liang). Add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) if constipated. For unblocking meridians, use Huangqin, Huanglian, Lianqiao, Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Muxiang, Binglang, Baizi Ren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma).
For diseases from the waist up to the head, use Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) to drain and benefit the Zang-Fu; add Dahuang to the above formula. For pain, use Danggui and Huangqin to stop pain.
Shangjian San (Wound Decoction Powder): Treats external swelling with shallow roots. Floating pulse indicates strong pathogen likely to invade internally; warm herbs are appropriate.
Ingredients: Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Huangqin, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Renshen, Danggui, Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Gancao, Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) (each 1 liang); Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (2 liang).
Usage: Decoct Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 1 sheng in 5 sheng of water until half remains, strain, then add other herbs and decoct. Add Dahuang for constipation; add Huanglian for heat.
Huanglian Xiaodu Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction): Treats all types of sores, abscesses, back sores, and brain abscesses.
Ingredients: Huanglian (1 qian), Huangqin, Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (each 4 qian), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duohuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fangfeng, Gaoben (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Guiwei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Jiegeng, Lianqiao (each 4 qian), Huangqi, Renshen, Gancao (each 3 qian), Sumu (Pterocarpus Indicus Lignum), Fangji (5 qian), Zexie (2 qian).
Yuanzhi Jiu (Polygalae Wine) and Rendong Jiu (Lonicerae Japonicae Herba Wine): Effective for both swollen and ulcerated lesions. These wines have tonifying properties and benefit the Heart and nourish Blood.
Jinyinhua Tang (Honeysuckle Decoction): Treats painful sores turning purple-black, promoting healing.
Ingredients: Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) with branches, Gancao (each 2 liang), Huangqi (4 liang).
Usage: Decoct in 1 sheng of wine, sealed in hot water bath or direct boiling.
Ruxiang San (Frankincense Powder): Treats painful sores with large openings.
Ingredients: Hanshuishi (Calcitum), Huashi (Talcum) (each 1 liang), Ruxiang (Boswelliae Resina), Moyao (Myrrhae Resina) (5 qian), Naobing (Borneolum Syntheticum) (a little).
Usage: Grind into powder and sprinkle on the wound.
Xionghuang San (Realgar Powder): Treats foul flesh not shedding.
Ingredients: Xionghuang (Realgar) (1 qian), Badou (Crotonis Fructus) (1 seed, peeled and cored), Ruxiang, Moyao (a little, separately ground).
Usage: Mix finely and apply to the flesh.
Muxiang San (Aucklandia Powder): Treats non-healing wounds.
Ingredients: Muxiang, Binglang, Danggui (each 1 qian), Huanglian (2 qian).
Usage: Grind into powder and sprinkle on the wound.
Expelling Retained Bone: Apply Xuexue (Draconis Sanguis); the bone will naturally expel.
Treating Fistula with Retained Bone: Qingjuye (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride Folium), Dijincacao (Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba).
Usage: Pound into paste. Clean the wound, insert Duniuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) root into the wound, apply paste, and bandage.
Yishang San (One-Upper Powder): Treats sores, scabies, and tinea.
Ingredients: Xionghuang (separately ground), Liuhuang (Sulfur) (separately ground, each 5 qian), Banmao (Mylabris) (3 seeds, wings and legs removed, separately ground), Heigoushi (Canis Spina Dorsalis), Hanshuishi, Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus) (stir-fried, each 5 qian).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, mix evenly, and apply with oil. Dosage varies by condition.
Silk Thread Scrofula: Appears as rope-like threads of varying thickness moving up and down; if reaching the heart, death ensues. Prick the meridian at the sore head to bleed, then chew Pingscaogen (Azolla sinensis root) and apply; immediate relief follows.
Treating Ding Sores (Mr. Liu's Formula): Wutoujian (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Apex), Fuzidi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata Base), Xieshao (Buthus Martensii Cauda), Xionghuang (each 1 qian), Wugong (Scolopendra) (1 liang), Shafen Shuang (Calomelas), Qingfen (Calomel), Shexiang (Moschus), Ruxiang (each 5 fen), Xinshi (Arsenical Stone) (2.5 qian).
Usage: Grind into powder. First pierce the sore to bleed, then quickly insert grass-stick tip with paper soaked in medicine inside; deeper insertion is better.
Ding Poison Entering Abdomen: Confusion, anorexia.
Ingredients: Zihuadiding (Viola Yedoensis Herba), Chantui (Bombyx Batryticatus), Guanzhong (Cyrtomii Rhizoma) (each half liang), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Ruxiang.
Usage: Take 2 qian with warm wine.
Treating Ding Sores (Mr. Li's Formula): Guiwei, Moyao, Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma), Ruxiang, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Huangdan (Lithargyrum), Bima (Ricini Semen), Fen Shuang (Calomel), Badou, Mugubeizi (Momordicae Semen), Sesame Oil, Peach and Willow Branches.
Usage: Decoct according to method. Drink juice of white chrysanthemum with purple stems; apply residue externally. Qiancaogenye (Rubia cordifolia leaves/roots) is also usable.
Ding Sores: Itching precedes pain; chills precede fever. If fever subsides to chills, heavy limbs, headache, palpitations, blurred vision, and vomiting indicate difficult treatment.
Stick Wound Plaster: Hubone (Pantherossae Os), Huangbai, Huanglian, Huangqin, Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix).
Usage: Decoct five ingredients, soak oil-paper, boil briefly, then apply paper.
Malignant Ulcer: Dry banana leaves fallen after frost, powdered and applied; mixed with sesame oil, covered with oil-paper. Wash first with Rendongteng (Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis), Congbai (Allii fistulosi Bulbus), Jiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), Jinsicao (Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba). Use white ant mud from pine trees fried with Huangdan, mixed with sesame oil, applied externally with oil-paper, changed daily. Later, apply Longgu (Fossi Mastodi et Dentis Mamuti) powder to close the wound; fry Huangdan in sesame oil, add Xiaokun (Natrii Sulfas) to smear on the sore.
Divine Prescription for Mouth Ulcers: Yanxiao (Salpetra), Pengsha (Borax).
Usage: Hold in mouth without swallowing; apply Nanxing (Arisomatis Tuber) with vinegar to Yongquan (KI-1).
Mouth Ulcer from Alcohol: Daoshi San (Guide Out Red Powder), Wuling San (Five Ingredient Powder with Poria).
Wind-Cold Obstruction: Yang Qi not extending, voice loss.
Ingredients: Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum) (1 liang), Wutou (Aconiti Radix), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) (each 1 qian).
Usage: Decoct and take.
Red Mouth Ulcer: Baifan (Alumen), Moyao, Ruxiang, Tonglv (Verdigris), grind and sprinkle.
White Mouth Ulcer: Xionghuang, Moyao (each 1 qian), Qingfen (5 fen), Badou, grind and sprinkle.
Chapped Lips with Ulcers: Burn Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) to ash, mix with pig fat and apply. Head dirt from bedding at night is also usable.
Mouth Pain Ulcer: Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (1 liang), Huangbai (honey-fried), Huashi (each 5 qian), add Tonglv powder, rinse with Baiqianghua (Chrysanthemi albi flos) juice.
Mouth Ulcers Preventing Eating: Treating as Huhu Disease (Fox-Haunting Disease) leads to death. Better to soak feet in Fan Tang (Alum Decoction) for half a day for relief. Apply honey-fried Huangbai and roasted Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) powder; allows eating and calmness immediately.
Another Divine Formula: Watermelon rind (burned to ash), Huangbai, Huanglian, Zhusha (Cinnabaris), Haiercha (Camelliae Sinensis var. assamica 'Er Cha'), Pengsha, grind to powder, mix with water and smear.
Hand Eczema: Zaogiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina), Kufan (Alumen Exsiccatum), Qingfen, Huanglian, Huangbai.
Sand Rash: Burn Zhadi Diteng (Vitis amurensis) to ash.
Foot Toxic Sores: Miduoseng (Litharge), Huanglian (apply with method), Hanliancao (Ecliptae Herba) (salt-fried), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex) made into thin cakes to cover, change when dry. Duniuxi, Wumingyi (Haematites), Jinxingcao (Adenophorae Radix) are all usable.
Treating Foot Qi: Wubeizi (Chinese Gall) (ground), Niujiaosui (Bovis Medulla), mix with Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex).
Treating Yin Sores: Lateng (Fermented Tea), Wubeizi (equal parts), Nifen (Calomel) (a little), Haiercha is excellent.
Another Formula: Jiangzhenxiang (Dalbergia Odorifera Lignum), grind with water and smear; effective.