Library

Kui Zi Fu Ling San (Abutilon Seed and Polyporus Powder), Zhu Ling San (Polyporus Powder), Gua Lou Qu Mai Wan (Trichosanthes Root and Sedum Pill), Ban Xia Ma Huang Wan (Pinellia and Ephedra Pill), Gan Jiang Ren Shen Ban Xia Wan (Dried Ginger, Ginseng, and Pinellia Pill), Pai Nong San (Pus-Expelling Powder), Ma Zi Ren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill), Fang Ji Jiao Mu Ting Li Da Huang Wan (Stephania, Perilla Seed, Thladiantha, and Rhubarb Pill), Jie Geng Bai San (Platycodon and White Powder), Pu Hui San (Cattail Pollen Ash Powder), Hua Shi Bai Yu San (Talc, White Fish, and Powder), Zhi Zhu San (Spider Powder), Dang Gui Bei Mu Ku Shen Wan (Angelica, Fritillaria, and Sophora Pill). The above thirteen formulas are all stated to be taken with "Yin" (liquid administration) to deliver the powder. *Records of the Three Kingdoms: Biography of Hua Tuo* states: "Have him drink Mafei San (Boiling Powder), and in a moment he will be like a drunken death." Then, does "Yin" refer to the act of taking powder? Or does it refer to decoctions and liquids collectively as "Yin"? For examination, see above.

The administration method for Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) mentions "Nuan Shui" (warm water), which refers to warm decoction/liquid.

The administration method for Wu Ling San says: "Take with Bai Yin (white liquid)." Some say "Bai Yin" is "Bai Tang" (plain hot water), "Bai Tang" is "Re Tang" (hot water), and "Re Tang" is "Nuan Shui" (warm water). If this view were correct, why would it say to take with Bai Tang and assist with Nuan Shui? According to my understanding, "Bai Tang" refers to hot water. And "Nuan Shui" also refers to warm liquid. Is it not the case that one type of liquid is divided into two names?

Wen Ge San (Clam Shell Powder).
The above single formula is taken with Fei Tang (boiling water).

Da Huang Huang Lian Xie Xin Tang (Rhubarb and Scutellaria Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium), Fu Zi Xie Xin Tang (Aconite Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium).
The above two formulas are steeped in Ma Fei Tang (sesame-oil-like boiling water/hot water).

Fei Tang (boiling water) and Ma Fei Tang both refer to hot water, originating from *Ben Cao Gang Mu* (Compendium of Materia Medica).

Ku Jiu Tang (Bitter Wine Decoction).
The above single formula.

Pai Nong San (Pus-Expelling Powder), Huang Lian E Jiao Tang (Scutellaria and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction).
The above two formulas.

Ji Shi Bai San (White Chicken Droppings Powder).
The above single formula.

Bo Ye Tang (Cat-Tail Stamen Decoction).
The above single formula.

*Da Guan Ben Cao* (Great View Materia Medica) states: "Feces are called Ma Tong." Analysis: Feces here refers to white horse manure. Its juice is extracted by squeezing, hence it is called Ma Tong Zhi (Ma Tong Juice).

Zhu Gao Fa Jian (Pork Fat and Hair Decoction).
The above single formula.

Xiong Huang Ting Li Fang (Realgar and Thladiantha Formula).
The above single formula.

Zhu Gao (pork fat/lard) and Zhu Zhi (pig suet) are originally the same substance. *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: "Animals with horns produce Zhi (suet/fat), animals without horns produce Gao (lard/fat)." This merely annotates the characters. *Li Ji Nei Ze* (Book of Rites: Inner Rules) states: "Zhi..."

Zhu Fu Tang (Pig Skin Decoction).
The above single formula.

*Liji Li Yun* (Book of Rites: Evolution of Ritual) states: "Skin and leather are full/plump." Commentary explains: "Fu (skin) is the thin layer outside the leather, while Ge (leather/hide) is the thick layer inside the skin." Therefore, "Zhu Fu" refers to the outer skin of the pig.