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Changshan (Dichroa Radix): Bitter and acrid, cold in nature. It induces vomiting to expel phlegm and drives out fluid retention; it can arrest various types of malaria. Contraindicated for patients with deficiency. Note: Changshan expels phlegm associated with malaria; Lili Root (Veratrum Nigrum Rhizome) expels wind-phlegm; Gourd Peduncle (Momordicae Fructus Spermatium) expels phlegm-fluid; Wufu Jian (the tip of Aconite) expels damp-phlegm; Radish Seed (Raphani Semen) expels qi-phlegm. Shuqi (Dichroae Caulis): This is the young shoot of Changshan, with similar functions but a slightly lighter and ascending nature.

Lili Gen (Veratri Nigri Rhizoma): Acrid, cold to bitter in nature. It induces vomiting upon entering the mouth, excels at opening the upper orifices, and causes sneezing. Use with caution in deficient patients.

Daye (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix): Acrid and sweet, cold in nature. It drains obstruction and泻s water accumulation. Note: Daye drains fluid retention from the Zang-Fu organs; Gansui (Kansui Radix) promotes the movement of fluid retention in the meridians; Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen) dissipates phlegm-qi outside the skin; these three herbs combined are known as Kongxian Dan. Do not use lightly in deficient patients.

Gansui (Kansui Radix): Bitter, cold in nature. Enters the Kidney meridian, drains fluid retention from the "tunnel" pathways (deep body channels), reaching directly where fluid retention has condensed. It should be stir-fried in flour before use. It is contraindicated unless there is severe fluid retention accompanied by excess syndrome (fullness).

Jingdaxi (or similar Euphorbia species described here): Bitter, cold in nature. Its nature is heavy, yin, and descending, sharing the same function as Daye and Gansui. Take the root of the white-flowered variety, steam it mixed with black soybeans. Contraindicated for those with Spleen deficiency.

Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos): Bitter, warm in nature. It promotes the circulation of fluid retention and phlegm-pi (accumulated phlegm-fluid). It should be used after vinegar-processing. Its toxicity is potent, and its effect is rapid. It is contraindicated if there is any involvement of deficiency.

Qianjinzi (Seeds of Swallowtail Tree/Excoecariae Fructus): Also known as Qianjinzi. Acrid, warm in nature. It moves water, breaks stagnation, and benefits the Large and Small Intestines. Remove the shell, grind finely, and remove the oily skin. Contraindicated for those with Spleen deficiency and loose stools.

Qianniu Zi (Pharbitidis Semen): Acrid, hot in nature. Enters the Lung meridian and also affects the Kidney and Mingmen. It strongly drains fluid retention and penetrates into the essence marrow, unblocking depression in the Lower Jiao, and treating wind-constipation and qi-constipation of the Large Intestine. There are two varieties: black and white. The black variety acts faster and is also called Heibai Erchou. Wash the seeds thoroughly, stir-fry, and grind for use. Contraindicated for those with Qi deficiency.

Badou (Crotonis Fructus): Acrid and sweet, hot in nature. It excels at moving and also has astringent properties; it can expel tangible stagnant matter and achieves remarkable results when applied externally. Its odor and taste are quite close to Badou; internal use is not recommended... [Text cuts off].

Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma): Also known as Guanzhong. Bitter, slightly cold in nature. Drains pathogenic heat and resolves epidemic toxins.

Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma): Also known as Wushan, Wuyuan. Bitter, cold in nature. Enters the Taiyin and Jueyin meridians; it clears excess fire. When fire is reduced, blood disperses, swelling subsides, and phlegm nodules resolve. It is a specific herb for treating sore throat and throat bi-syndrome.

Zaoxiu (Paris Polyphyllae Rhizoma): Also known as Chonglou Jinxiian. Bitter, slightly cold in nature. Specifically treats carbuncles, sores, and snake venom; it is a specialized herb for external medicine.