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Also known as Baihe Xian (White Crane Immortal), it is the root of the White Crane Flower. Acrid and sweet in flavor, cold in nature, applied externally for carbuncles and swellings, resolves various toxins, but is most capable of damaging teeth and causing tooth loss.

Bitter and extremely cold in nature, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Hand and Foot-Yangming Meridians, and Jueyin Meridian. Its nature is sinking, yin, descending, and purgative; even after wine processing, it can ascend, acting as a dedicated drug to cleanse the intestines and stomach and purge excess heat from solid accumulations. Used raw, its action is more drastic; if there are no internal solid heat accumulations, it should not be lightly administered.

Acrid in flavor and cold in nature, breaks up zheng zha (abdominal masses) and blood stasis, clears heat-bi, and discharges pus. In the "Si Wu Gu Yi Ru Wan" (Four Black Bone and One Asparagus Root Pill) from *Suwen*, it is used to treat women's blood depletion and blood stasis, with significant efficacy.

Also known as Di Song (Earth Pine), Huo Lu Cao (Living Deer Grass), and Xia Ma Lan (Toad Blue). Acrid and sweet in flavor, cold in nature, removes heat, expels phlegm, breaks blood, and resolves toxicity. The root: named Xi (Knee), has identical functions. Heshi (Nipplewort Fruit): refers to *Lappula squarrosa* seed, bitter in flavor and cold in nature, kills parasites, treats snake bites, and is a dedicated drug for abdominal pain caused by roundworms.

Sweet, slightly acrid, and cold in nature, specializes in clearing heat and resolving toxicity, dissipating nodules, and reducing carbuncles. Crushed and applied externally for snake, insect, or rabid dog bites.

Acrid and bitter, slightly warm, treats rheumatic spasm and bi-syndrome pain. Used after roasting.

Acrid and bitter, slightly warm, dispels wind and overcomes dampness, decocted for washing the head to treat cephalalgia due to wind, hernia, and jia masses. Not used in decoctions for internal administration.

Acrid in flavor and hot in nature, enters the Kidney and Mingmen (Gate of Life) to assist fire and stimulate yang, treating deficiency-wasting syndrome with enuresis, or urinary retention due to yang deficiency. It specifically tonifies fire and assists yang; only suitable for those with cold essence and deficient fire, strictly contraindicated for those with internal heat. Soaked in rice water to remove toxicity before use.

Also known as Juan Er (Rolling Ear), referring to the plant mentioned in the *Shijing* (Classic of Poetry). Sweet and bitter in flavor, warm in nature, good at inducing sweating, dispersing wind-dampness, ascending to connect the crown of the head, descending to reach the feet and knees, and extending outward to the skin. Spines removed, steamed with wine. Contraindicated for persons with deficiency.

Bitter in flavor and extremely cold in nature, powerfully promotes bowel movement, treats sores, reduces swelling, and expels wind. Only suitable for external application, not for internal decoctions.

Also known as Ji Xing Zi (Acute Seed). Slightly bitter and slightly warm, its nature is urgent and unblocking, induces labor, causes abortion, penetrates bones, damages teeth, and shares the same function as Yuzan Gen (Tricyrtis Rhizome). Flower: sweet and slippery, invigorates blood, eliminates accumulations. Root and leaves: bitter, sweet, and slightly acrid, disperses blood, unblocks meridians, applied externally for traumatic swelling and pain.

Bitter in flavor and warm in nature, enters the Blood level, used to dispel wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome. Severely depletes new blood; do not use if there is no blood stasis.