味酸甘。性平。无毒。
【主治】主强筋骨。益气力。固精。驻颜。（纲目） 〔枝叶止泄。除睡。强筋。益气。
变
【归经】入心脾肾三经。为固涩之品。
【前论】虞抟曰。凡变白之药。都是气味苦寒。有妨脾胃。惟南烛气味和平。兼能益脾。
鳌按、纲目于南烛枝叶。载有止泄除睡变白三条。于子载有固精驻颜二条。其强筋益力。
子
子
血
半
加
以上涩剂木部
古名苦酒。味酸。性温。无毒。得温热之气。故从木火而化。
【主治】主胃脘气疼。症瘕积聚。产后血晕。及诸失血过多发晕。止心痛。咽痛。杀一
切鱼
并产
【归经】入肝经。为收敛气血之品（散瘀 解毒 消食）
【前论】士材曰。入药当用米造。二三年陈者。小麦醋不及。但能伤筋损齿。不宜多食。
鳌按、大能开胃气。醒脾气。不但收敛之功见长也。
味酸。性涩。微寒。无毒。得醋、乌梅、橘皮良。
【主治】主止泻痢。固脱肛。治遗精。久嗽。止心腹筋骨诸痛。（纲目） 〔罂粟米〕主
行
风
【归经】入肾经。为敛肺涩肠固肾之品。
【前论】丹溪曰。治嗽用粟壳。不必疑。但要先去病根。此乃收后药也。治痢亦然。须
先散
开胃
以上涩剂谷部
味酸。性平。无毒得木气之全以生。可升可降。阴也。忌猪肉。
【主治】主下气。除热烦满。安心。止肢体痛。偏枯不仁死肌。（本经） 利筋脉。主
下
痢。
消酒毒
杀虫。解鱼
血崩。功同
【归经】入肺脾二经。为敛肺涩肠。涌痰消肿之品。（二经血分药）
【前论】时珍曰。凡用。须去核微炒。但多食损齿伤筋耳。
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡风寒初起。疟痢未久者。均忌。
[Nanzhu Zi (Buddleja Officinalis Fruit)]
Taste: Sour, Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily strengthens sinews and bones. Augments qi and strength. Consolidates essence. Preserves youthfulness and complexion. (Source: *Bencao Gangmu*) [Stems and leaves] Stop diarrhea. Eliminate drowsiness. Strengthen sinews. Replenish qi. Turn white hair black.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. Belongs to astringent herbs.
[Preliminary Discussion] Yu Tun stated: All herbs that turn hair white are typically bitter and cold in nature, which may impair the Spleen and Stomach. Only Nanzhu has a mild and harmonious nature, and additionally benefits the Spleen qi.
Commentary: *Bencao Gangmu* records three indications for Nanzhu stems and leaves: stopping diarrhea, eliminating drowsiness, and turning white hair black; and two indications for its fruit: consolidating essence and preserving youthfulness. Its ability to strengthen sinews and augment strength... [Text fragmentary]
[Wumei (Mume Fructus / Smoked Plum)]
Ancient name: "Ku Jiu" (Bitter Wine). Taste: Sour. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Acquires warm and hot qi, thus transforming according to Wood and Fire.
[Indications] Treats epigastric qi pain. Zheng Jia Ji Ju (masses and accumulations in the abdomen). Postpartum blood fainting. And dizziness caused by excessive loss of blood from various sources. Stops heart pain. Throat pain. Kills all fish and crab toxins. And treats postpartum... [Text fragmentary]
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver meridian. Belongs to herbs that consolidate qi and blood (also has effects of dispersing stasis, resolving toxicity, and promoting digestion).
[Preliminary Discussion] Shitai stated: For medicinal use, vinegar brewed from rice should be used. Two- to three-year aged vinegar is superior. Wheat vinegar is inferior. However, vinegar can damage sinews and teeth if consumed excessively, so it should not be eaten in large quantities.
Commentary: Vinegar greatly opens the stomach qi and awakens the spleen qi. It excels not only in its astringent properties.
[Yingsu Qiao (Papaveris Pericarpium / Poppy Shell)]
Taste: Sour. Nature: Astringent, slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Works well with Cu (Vinegar), Wumei, and Jupi (Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium).
[Indications] Treats diarrhea and dysentery. Consolidates prolapsed anus. Treats spermatorrhea. Chronic cough. Stops various pains in the heart, abdomen, sinews, and bones. (Source: *Bencao Gangmu*) [Yingsu Mi (Poppy Seed)] Primarily moves... wind... [Text fragmentary]
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Kidney meridian. Belongs to herbs that astringe the Lung, bind the Intestines, and secure the Kidney.
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: When treating cough with Poppy Shell, there is no need for doubt. However, one must first eliminate the root cause of the disease; this is an herb for use after the pathogen has been addressed. The same applies to treating dysentery; one must first disperse... open the stomach... [Text fragmentary]
Above are the Grain Category Astringent Herbs.
[Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus / Schisandra Berry)]
Taste: Sour. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Born acquiring the complete Qi of Wood, it can ascend and descend, belonging to Yin. Contraindicated with pork.
[Indications] Directs qi downward. Eliminates heat, vexation, and fullness. Calms the mind. Stops limb pain. Treats hemiplegia with numbness, and dead flesh (necrosis). (Source: *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Benefits sinews and vessels. Treats dysentery. Resolves alcohol toxicity. Kills parasites. Resolves fish... uterine bleeding. Efficacy similar to... [Text fragmentary]
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Belongs to herbs that astringe the Lung, bind the Intestines, induce vomiting of phlegm, and reduce swelling. (Herbs acting on the Blood aspect of these two meridians).
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Shizhen stated: When using Wuweizi, the pits must be removed and it should be lightly stir-fried. However, excessive consumption damages teeth and injures sinews.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong stated: Contraindicated in cases of initial exterior Wind-Cold invasion, and in malaria or dysentery that has not persisted long.