味苦。性寒。无毒。感冬气兼金气而生。降也。阴中微阳也。
【主治】主肺热咳嗽。痰结喘促。血痔 疮。（开宝）肺气上急。坐息不得。咳逆连连
不
止。
【归经】入肺经。为清热下气之品。（辛苦降肺气性寒清肺热）
【前论】时珍曰。体轻而虚。熟则四开。为肺之象。故能入肺。钱乙补肺阿胶散用之。
非取
吐虫
【禁忌】经疏曰。肺虚寒咳嗽。或寒痰作喘者。均忌。
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使。取净子焙用。
全用为实。味苦甘。性寒。无毒。禀天地清寒之气而生。降也。阴也。恶干姜。畏
反乌头。
【主治】主胸痹。（本经）洗涤胸中垢腻。此即连汁并子而言也。（丹溪）治气喘。结胸。
痰嗽
润降
用。又
经）除
消肿毒。
【归经】入肺经。为润肺降气之品。
【前论】吴机曰。仲景治胸痹痛引心背。咳唾喘息。及伤寒结胸满痛。皆用栝蒌实。乃
取其
止渴
东垣
曰。
又栝
【禁忌】经疏曰。脾胃虚寒作泄者。忌。
味苦。性寒。无毒。得土之冲气兼感冬寒之气以生。
【主治】主解诸药毒。消疮肿毒。人及马急黄。发热咳嗽。杀小虫。（本经）治喉痈喉
风。
龈肿齿痛
【归经】入心肺大肠三经。为清热解毒之品。（泻心火以保金气降大肠风热）
【前论】 庵曰。心火降。则不灼肺而金清。肺与大肠相表里。肺金清。则大肠亦清矣。
【禁忌】经疏曰。病患虚寒者勿服。
**Aristolochia Manshuriensis (Madouling):**
Bitter in taste. Cold in nature. Non-toxic. Born from the influence of winter Qi combined with Metal Qi. It descends. It is Yin with a slight Yang quality.
[Indications] Primarily treats lung-heat cough, phlegm accumulation causing rapid breathing, blood hemorrhoids, and sores. (From *Kaibao Bencao*) Urgent upward reversal of lung Qi, inability to sit and breathe comfortably, continuous non-stop coughing and rebellious Qi.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung Meridian. It is an agent for clearing heat and descending Qi. (Its pungent and bitter flavors descend Lung Qi; its cold nature clears Lung heat.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Shizhen said: The substance is light and hollow. When cooked, it opens into four parts, resembling the shape of the Lung. Therefore, it can enter the Lung. Qian Yi used it in his *Bufei Ejiao San* (Lung-Nourishing Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction). It was not used for its ability to induce vomiting of parasites.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (*Jingshu*) said: Contraindicated for coughs due to Lung deficiency-cold, or wheezing caused by cold-phlegm.
[Processing] Lei Xiao (Lei Gong) said: For use, select clean seeds and bake them until dry.
**Trichosanthes Fruit (Gualou Shi):**
The whole fruit is called "Shi" (fruit). Bitter and sweet in taste. Cold in nature. Non-toxic. Endowed with the clear and cold Qi of Heaven and Earth. It descends. It is purely Yin. It dislikes Dried Ginger (Ganjiang). It fears being incompatible with Aconitum carmichaelii (Fanzuwu).
[Indications] Primarily treats chest bi syndrome. (From *Benjing*) Washes away the greasy filth in the chest. This refers to both the juice and the seeds. (From Zhu Danxi) Treats asthma, chest binding (jiexiong), and phlegm cough. It has moistening and descending properties. Also... (text fragment) eliminates swelling and toxicity.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung Meridian. It is an agent for moistening the Lung and descending Qi.
[Preliminary Discussion] Wu Ji said: Zhang Zhongjing used Trichosanthes fruit to treat chest bi pain radiating to the heart and back, coughing and spitting with wheezing, as well as fullness and pain from chest binding due to cold damage. He took advantage of its... (text fragment) ...Dong Yuan said. Additionally, Trichosanthes... (text fragment).
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (*Jingshu*) said: Contraindicated for those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold leading to diarrhea.
**Sophora Flavescens Root (Shandougen):**
Bitter in taste. Cold in nature. Non-toxic. Obtains the central Qi of Earth and is influenced by winter cold Qi to be born.
[Indications] Primarily resolves various drug toxicities. Eliminates sore swelling and toxicity. Treats acute jaundice in humans and horses. Fever and cough. Kills small insects. (From *Benjing*) Treats throat abscess (houyong) and throat wind (houfeng). Gum swelling and toothache.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart, Lung, and Large Intestine meridians. It is an agent for clearing heat and detoxifying. (It drains Heart fire to protect Metal Qi and reduces wind-heat in the Large Intestine.)
[Preliminary Discussion] An said: When Heart fire descends, it does not scorch the Lung, thereby keeping Metal clear. The Lung and Large Intestine are exteriorly-interiorly related. When Lung Metal is clear, the Large Intestine also becomes clear.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (*Jingshu*) said: Do not administer to patients with deficiency-cold constitution.