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According to *San Yin Fang*, there are four types of night crying in infants: cold, heat, double tongue with mouth sores, and external fright (Ke Wu). The cold type presents with abdominal pain and crying, cyanotic-white complexion, cold breath from the mouth, cold abdomen, and crying while bending the waist; this is the cold syndrome. The heat type presents with mental restlessness and crying, red face, dark urine, hot sensation in the mouth, warm abdomen, occasional sweating during crying, and crying while extending the body; this is the heat syndrome. If it involves double tongue or mouth sores, the infant desires to suckle but cannot, crying immediately upon lips touching the nipple, with slight fever on the body and forehead; one should urgently examine the mouth with a lamp. If no sores are found, the tongue must be double-tongued. "Ke Wu" refers to crying caused by being offended by the qi of strangers upon seeing them; treatment should follow the specific syndrome.

[Zeng Shirong] Night crying arises from four causes: night crying due to fright-heat, night crying due to heart-heat, night crying due to cold hernia, and night crying due to accidentally offending spiritual entities. These four are detailed below. Fright-heat results from thick clothing or sitting too long in an extremely warm place, causing stuffiness and vexation, allowing pathogenic heat to attack the Heart. Since the Heart governs the Spirit (Shen), spirit disorder leads to fright. As the Heart and Small Intestine are exterior-interiorly related, the infant cries, weeps, and enures. The treatment method is to clear heat and calm the Heart for natural peace, using Baijie San (for acute fright), Niubang Tang (for throat conditions), or Sansanjie San (for tidal fever) as main prescriptions. Heart-heat manifests as intensified crying under light, red face, and excessive tears, with relief in darkness. Fire belongs to Yang; when Heart-heat meets fire, two Yangs clash, causing intense crying at the sight of light. Thus, the classic states: "When fire is swift and wind arises, rain follows." This illustrates the principle. Treatment should cool the Heart and calm the Spirit, using Baijie San or Wuling San (both for fright) added with Huangqin and Gancao, decocted in water. Subsequently, Niubang Tang, Sansanjie San, and Hupo Baolong Wan (for fright) may be used. Some infants cry excessively and sleep little from dusk until midnight, continuing until dawn. This is cold contracted in the womb; at night, Yin prevails and Yang becomes weak, leading to curved waist, sweaty forehead, tearless eyes, white complexion with cyanotic tints, prone position crying, and symptoms resembling intestinal colic ("panchang neidiao"), named Cold Hernia. Treatment removes residual cold and warms the Lower Jiao, using Baishaoyao Tang (for hernia), Wumei San (for abdominal pain), and Chonghe Yin (for cold damage) added with salt-fried Zhuyu and Huixiang, decocted with ginger water. Diaoteng Gao is also effective.

Accidentally offending spiritual entities presents with purple-black complexion, Qi stagnation resembling anger, fearful tone when calling, startle during sleep, holding the mother tightly, and incessant loud crying. This results from offending taboo spirits or invasion by malevolent influences. Infants see things but cannot speak, only crying in fright endlessly, with hidden fingerprint patterns. Thus, *Yuhuan Ji* states: "Suddenly hands appear formless, surely known as offending evil spirits." Treatment first releases the exterior, using Baijie San (for fright), then expels evil and calms the Heart using Suhexiang Wan (for Ke Wu) and Hupo Baolong Wan (for fright), which yields efficacy.

[Wang Shi citing Mr. Shuijing] "Heaven is vast, Earth is royal, clear the hall of guests for the crying infant." Also: "Crying without wailing is vexation; wailing without crying is agitation." *Wugu Fu* says: "Night crying resembles possession." For newborns crying day and night as if possessed, some say heat in the Heart, treating with calming and purgative herbs; others say cold stagnating in Zang-Fu, treating with warming herbs. Physicians must observe and treat accordingly. If the infant cries with chest protruding, head retracted backward, and aversion to light, it indicates Heat in the Heart Meridian, suitable for purgation, using Sanhuang Wan or Xixin San added with Dengxincao and Maidongzhi. If the infant cries with head low, body curved, eyes closed, and tight abdomen, it indicates Cold retained in Zang-Fu, suitable for warming, using Weifeng Tang added with Huanglian. If the syndrome is unrecognized, use fourteen whole Cicada Sloughs (Chantui), remove large legs, powder them, add one *zi* of Cinnabar (Zhusha), mix with honey, and apply to the corners of the mouth for immediate effect.

[Xue Ji] Night crying has two types: Spleen-Cold and Heart-Heat. Night belongs to Yin; when Yin prevails, Spleen-Cold intensifies. The Spleen is Extreme Yin, preferring warmth and disliking cold. Cold causes abdominal pain, hence crying with bent waist. Symptoms include cyanotic-white complexion, cold hands and abdomen, and refusal to suckle; this is also called Fetal Cold, treated with Diaoteng San. Intensified crying under light indicates Heart-Heat. The Heart belongs to Fire; light generates internal heat, two Yangs clash, causing crying with extended body. Symptoms include red face, warm hands and abdomen, and hot breath, treated with Daochi San. Pale complexion with small black pupils indicates Kidney-Qi deficiency, crying at night due to Yin deficiency, treated with Liuwei Wan. Diarrhea and refusal to suckle indicate Spleen-Kidney deficiency, treated with Liushen San. Vomiting, diarrhea, and poor appetite indicate Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold, treated with Liujun Zi Tang and Pao Muxiang. Undigested stool, poor appetite, and abdominal distension indicate Spleen-Qi deficiency, treated with Yigong San. Heart-Blood deficiency uses Mizhi Anshen Wan. Wood-Fire conflict uses Chaihu Zhizi San. Liver-Blood deficiency uses Dihuang Wan. Generally, this condition arises from fluid loss due to vomiting/diarrhea, congenital Kidney-Yin insufficiency failing to nourish Liver-Wood, or maternal anger causing Liver-Fire insulting Metal. Use Liujun Zi Tang to tonify Spleen-Earth to generate Lung-Metal, and Dihuang Wan to strengthen Kidney-Water to nourish Liver-Wood. If caused by maternal depression, use Jiawei Guipi Tang. If caused by maternal rage, use Jiawei Xiaochaihu Tang. If maternal Heart-Liver heat conflicts, use Chaihu Zhizi San. Refer also to discussions on Ke Wu and fright-crying.

*Xin Jian* treats night crying in infants within 120 days using 49 Cicada Sloughs, removing the anterior segment, using the posterior segment powdered, divided into four doses, administered with Diaoteng Tang.

*Puji Ben Shi Fang* Chanhua San treats incessant night crying resembling possession. Use the lower half of Cicada Slough powdered, one *zi* dose, taken with Bohe Tang mixed with a little wine. Skeptics who use the upper half powdered with the same liquid find crying resumes, unaware of the ancients' prescription subtleties.