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(Below are miscellaneous diseases, unrelated to the standard discussions of the five zang organs, thus listed hereafter.)

[Lou Quanshan] Treating pediatric malaria generally follows the same methods as for adults, with sweating regarded as the sign of recovery. It is appropriate to use herbs such as Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Mahuang (Ephedra Herb), Renshen (Ginseng Root), and Fuling (Poria) among others. Furthermore, one must flexibly adjust based on whether the disease stems from dietary issues or phlegm accumulation. Generally, it arises mostly from irregular diet, so prioritizing digestion-promoting and stagnation-resolving methods is advisable.

[Zeng Shirong] The *Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) chapter on Malaria states: "Malaria all originates from wind pathogen, yet why does it manifest at specific times?" Qibo replied: "Summer injury by summerheat leads to autumn malaria." This implies that when pores are open and sweating occurs, encountering wind; or during bathing, water qi lodges in the skin. Because Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) fails to guard, the pathogen enters and resides there. When the disease first manifests, it presents with yawning, shivering chills, pain in the waist and back, and vexing pain in bone joints. After the cold subsides, both interior and exterior become hot, accompanied by headache and thirst. This results from the contention between Yin and Yang Qi, alternating deficiency and excess. If Yin Qi alone prevails causing Yang deficiency, chills occur first, with pain in the waist, back, head, neck, and joints. If Yang Qi alone prevails causing Yin deficiency, heat occurs first, with anorexia, frequent vomiting, headache, lower back pain, and dysuria. Yin excess and Yang deficiency lead to coldness inside and out; Yang excess and Yin deficiency lead to heat inside and out. These stem from external contraction of the Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) or internal injury by the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Pensiveness, Sorrow, Fear, Fright), accumulating into phlegm and fluid retention. Pathogenic Qi and Wei Qi reside together, causing daily attacks. Wei Qi travels through Yang meridians during the day and Yin meridians at night; it moves outward upon encountering Yang and inward upon encountering Yin. When pathogenic Qi penetrates deeply into the five zang organs and cannot exit with Wei Qi, it manifests every other day. When Wei Qi reaches the location of the pathogen, manifestation in Yang causes heat, while in Yin causes cold. The classics state: "Exuberance brings harm, extremity reverses." When Yin and Yang Qi decline, and Wei Qi mixes with pathogenic Qi, the disease rests; when Yin and Yang contend again, and Wei Qi gathers with pathogenic Qi, the disease recurs. This depends on the location of Wei Qi combining with the contracted pathogen. Cold followed by heat indicates initial cold injury then wind injury, named Cold Malaria. Heat followed by cold indicates initial wind injury then cold injury, named Warm Malaria. Heat without cold is named Dan Malaria (Febrile Malaria). Heavy body, alternating chills and fever, joint pain, abdominal fullness, spontaneous sweating, and easy vomiting constitute Damp Malaria. Cold without heat is named Pin Malaria (Yin Malaria). Since malaria presents various syndromes, prescriptions must be formulated according to Yin-Yang, deficiency-excess, pulse, and symptoms, utilizing sweating, vomiting, purging, or warming methods to restore balance. All diseases invade due to righteous Qi deficiency allowing pathogens to linger, creating excess conditions that move from exterior to interior, requiring sweating first then purging, a principle unchanged since antiquity. Thus, treating malaria requires first resolving the exterior, using Baijie San (for fright) decocted with water, ginger, and scallion, followed by Xiaochaihu Tang (for alternating chills and fever) added with Guizhi, ginger, and jujube to harmonize the exterior and interior, naturally yielding effects. If both exterior and interior are excess, use Danggui San (for tidal fever), Wuhe Tang (for interior heat), or Wuxi Wan (for accumulation), Liusheng Wan (for accumulation) to purge, then Yunqi San (for hernia) to stop diarrhea and tonify, followed by Huoxiang Yin (for poor feeding) added with Caoguo (Black Cardamom), Liangjiang (Galangal), ginger, and jujube to rectify Stomach Qi and dispel cold, leading to natural recovery. If alternating chills and fever persist after resolving the exterior, use Erxian Yin (see this section) to intercept the malaria. Once chills and fever cease, use Pingwei San (for poor feeding) added with Huixiang Tang (for abdominal pain), mixed evenly, taken empty-stomach with salt water to warm the stomach, dry the spleen, and improve appetite. When the central earth (Spleen/Stomach) is solidified, external pathogens retreat spontaneously, which is a sound theory. For cases with more cold than heat, chronic and unhealed, leading to weak spleen/stomach, reduced intake, and changed complexion, use Erjiang Wan (see this section) and Qingspi Tang (see this section).

[Xue Ji] The classics state: "Summer injury by summerheat leads to autumn malaria." Symptoms begin with hair standing on end and yawning, followed by shivering chills and jaw quivering, waist and spine pain. After cold subsides, interior and exterior become hot, severe headache like bursting, desire for cold drinks. This is because pathogen merging into Yang makes Yang prevail, merging into Yin makes Yin prevail; Yin prevailing causes cold, Yang prevailing causes heat. Upper and lower Yin-Yang contend, alternating deficiency and excess, hence intermittent chills and fever. Patterns include once daily, every two days, every three days, skipping one day then two consecutive days, day and night each, upper half-day, lower half-day, night only, with or without sweat. Detailed classification involves Six Meridians, Five Zang Organs, and distinctions among Phlegm, Food, Labor, Summerheat, Ghost, and Miasma malaria (Six Meridians and Five Zang malaria detailed in *Zhengzhi Zhunsheng·Zabing*). Phlegm Malaria: pre-existing phlegm in chest/diaphragm forms malaria, causing subcostal fullness, rebellious Qi, vexation, and vomiting. Food Malaria: diet injures Spleen, causing belching, acid regurgitation, and diaphragmatic discomfort. Labor Malaria: chronic unresolved, exterior/interior deficient, guest pathogen not dispersed, true Qi not restored; though intermittent, it triggers upon exertion. Summerheat Malaria: greasy face, thirst, persistent sweating even after fever subsides. Ghost Malaria: unpredictable onset and offset. Miasma Malaria: contracted mountain miasma, presenting with timed intermittent chills and fever. Chronic non-resolution is called Long-term or Old Malaria. If Old Malaria persists, a mass forms between the hypochondrium, called Malaria Mother (Pi Mass). This results from failed resolution, or re-contracting wind-cold externally and injuring diet internally, leading to lingering illness. Treatment: Wind-summerheat entering from outside requires resolution; after resolving exterior, support Stomach Qi. As Danxi said: "No sweat needs inducing sweat, focusing on dispersing pathogen; existing sweat needs stopping sweat, focusing on consolidating righteous Qi." Acute malaria requires exterior resolution; chronic malaria requires Spleen tonification. Cold malaria requires warming; Warm malaria requires harmonizing; Dan malaria requires clearing; Phlegm-involved requires moving phlegm; Food-involved requires digesting food; Labor malaria requires calming; Summerheat malaria requires resolving; Ghost malaria requires expelling; Miasma malaria requires dispersing. More specifically: Heat > Cold uses Xiaochaihu Tang. Cold > Heat uses Qingspi Yinzi. No sweat uses Guizhi Mahuang Ban Tang. Sweat uses Chaihu Guizhi Tang. Sweating + Thirst uses Baihu Tang. Thirst + Dysuria uses Wuling San. Red urine + Heat + Thirst uses Xiaochaihu Tang. Heat + Sweating + Abdominal Fullness + Loose Stool uses Dachaihu Tang (+ Gegen if thirsty). Phlegm Malaria uses Erchen Tang (+ Chaihu, Huangqin; add Zhishi if severe). Food Malaria uses Da'an Wan first, then Yigong San. Labor/Old Malaria uses Buzhong Yiqi Tang. Summerheat Malaria uses Shiwei Xiangru Yin. Ghost Malaria uses Guiku San. Miasma Malaria uses Sishou Yin. Malaria Mother uses Biejia Yin. For all malaria with Spleen/Stomach deficiency, regardless of sweat status or meridian involvement, Liu Junzi Tang is primary. Add Chaihu, Zhizi for heat; Ganjiang, Rougui for cold; Huangqi, Fumai for sweat; Cangzhu, Gegen for no sweat; Shengma, Chaihu for sinking Yuan Qi or Liver Wood overacting on Spleen. Using Qingpi, Caoguo, Changshan as aggressive interception methods depletes righteous Qi and deepens pathogen, often prolonging illness into labor-fever. If the nursing mother suffers from emotional disturbance, dietary imbalance, or malaria-like chills/fever with blazing Liver Fire affecting the infant, treat the mother to avoid error.

*Quansheng Zhimi* discusses: Cold-heat diseases may have heat following cold, or cold following heat. If shivering chills, severe headache, body stiffness, frequent yawning, desire for cold drinks, or alternating cold-heat, timed or every-other-day attacks occurring precisely at time, returning to normal after attack, this is Malaria. Malaria pulse is naturally wiry (Xuan); wiry-rapid indicates heat, wiry-slow indicates cold. These result from winter wind-cold hiding in marrow, emerging in spring when Yang Qi expands but pathogen cannot exit, combining with summerheat to manifest. Cold-dominant: warm with Jianggui Tang. Heat-dominant: resolve with Gualou Tang. Equal cold-heat: regulate with Biejia Tang. In adults/children, if cold starts from back, cold sensation palm-sized, mild chills, feeling like fever with sweat, or sudden headache, occasional vomiting, with slow-small pulse, this is due to inherent weak Spleen/Stomach, cold Qi gathering grain/water, failing to transform, becoming phlegm. Hidden phlegm inside, Yin rises over Yang, Yang oppressed by Yin causes cold, forced sweating ensues. Use Xuanfuhua Wan, Banshu Wan.