六元正纪论云∶太阳所至为腰痛。又云∶巨阳即太阳也，虚则头项腰背痛。足太阳膀胱之脉所过，
还出别下项，循肩膊内，挟脊抵腰中。故为病项如拔，挟脊痛，腰似折，髀不可以曲，是经气虚则邪
客之，痛病生矣。夫邪者，是风热湿燥寒皆能为病。大抵寒湿多而风热少。然有房室劳伤，肾虚腰痛
者，是阳气虚弱不能运动故也。经云∶腰者肾之腑，转摇不能，肾将惫矣。宜肾气丸、茴香丸之类，
以补阳之不足也。膏粱之人，久服汤药，醉以入房，损其真气，则肾气热，肾气热则腰脊痛而不能举，
久则髓减骨枯，发为骨痿。宜六味地黄丸、滋肾丸、封髓丹之类，以补
阴之不足也。《灵枢》云∶腰痛，上寒取足太阴、阳明，上热取足厥阴，不可俯仰取足少阳。盖足之
三阳，从头走足，足之三阴，从足走腹，经所过处，皆能为痛。治之者当审其何经，所过分野，循其
空穴而刺之，审何寒热而药之。假令足太阳令人腰痛引项脊尻背如重状，刺其 中太阳二经出血，余
皆仿此。彼执一方治诸腰痛者，固不通矣。有风、有湿、有寒、有热、有挫闪、有瘀血、有滞气、有
痰积、皆标也。肾虚其本也。风伤肾而痛，其脉必带浮，或左或右，痛无常处，牵引两足，宜五积散，
每服加防风半钱，全蝎三个。小续命汤、独活寄生汤皆可选用。（《三因方》小续命汤加炒去皮桃仁，
治风腰痛最妙。）仍吞三仙丹。杜仲姜汁炒研末，每一钱，温酒调，空心服，治肾气腰痛，兼治风冷
为患，名杜仲酒。《三因》又有牛膝酒，治肾伤风毒，攻刺腰痛不可忍者。伤湿而痛，如坐水中，盖
肾属水，久坐水湿处，或为雨露所着，两水相得，以致腰痛，其脉必带缓，遇天阴或久坐必发，身体
必带沉重，宜渗湿汤主之。不效，宜肾着汤，或生附汤。风湿腰痛，独活寄生汤。寒湿腰痛，五积散
加桃仁、川芎、肉桂汤，麻黄苍术汤，并摩腰膏。湿热腰痛，苍术汤、独活汤、羌活汤。东垣云∶如
身重腰沉沉然，乃经中有湿热也。于羌活胜湿汤中加黄柏一钱，附子五分，
苍术二钱。感寒而痛者，腰间如冰，其脉必紧，见热则减，见寒则增，宜五积散去桔梗，加吴茱萸半
钱，或姜附汤加辣桂、杜仲，外用摩腰膏。伤热而痛者，脉必洪数而滑，发渴便闭，宜甘豆汤加续断、
天麻，间服败毒散。若因闪挫，或 扑伤损而痛者，宜乳香趁痛散，及黑神散，和复元通气散，酒调
下。不效，则必有恶血停滞，宜先用酒调下苏合香丸，仍以五积散加桃仁、大黄、苏木各一钱，当归
倍原数。若因劳役负重而痛，宜和气饮，或普贤正气散，或十补汤下青娥丸。挫闪腰痛，不能转侧，
用陈久神曲一大块，烧通红淬老酒，去曲，以酒通口吞青娥丸，仰卧片时。未效再服，不用丸亦得。
又方，以茴香根同红曲擂烂，好热酒调服。东垣云∶打扑伤损，从高坠下，恶血在太阳经中，令人腰
脊痛，或胫 臂膊中痛不可忍，鼻壅塞不通，地龙汤主之。橘核酒、熟大黄汤。丹溪治徐质夫年六十，
因坠马腰痛，不可转侧，六脉散大，重取则弦小而长稍坚。此虽有恶血，未可驱逐，且以补接为先。
遂令煎苏木、人参、黄 、川芎、当归、陈皮、木通、甘草，服至半月，饮食渐进，遂与前药调下自
然铜等药，一月而安。瘀血为病，其脉必涩，转侧若锥刀之刺，大便黑，小便赤黄或黑，日轻夜重，
名沥血腰痛。宜调荣活络饮，或桃仁酒调黑神散，
或四物汤加桃仁、红花之类。丹溪用补阴丸中加桃仁、红花主之。气滞而痛，其脉必沉，宜人参顺气
散，或乌药顺气散，加五加皮、木香，入少甘草煎汤调下。或用降真香、檀香、沉香共一两重，煎汤
空心服。痰注而痛，其脉必滑或伏，宜二陈汤加南星、香附、乌药、枳壳主之。食积腰腿痛，用龟板
（酒炙、）柏叶（酒制、）香附（五钱、）辣芥子、凌霄花（一钱五分，）酒糊丸，煎四物汤加陈皮、
甘草一分吞下。食积痰积，如气实脉有力者，宜下之。威灵仙治痛之要药，为细末，每服二钱，猪腰
子一只批开，掺药在内，湿纸包煨熟，五更细嚼，热酒下，以微利为度。《本事方》治五般腰痛，用
胡桃肉五个，去皮壳，研为膏，五灵脂、黑牵牛（炒）、白牵牛、（炒）各三钱，狗脊（微炒）半两，
萆（炒）三钱，没药三十文，巴豆五粒，用湿纸包煨，取肉去油，上为末。入前胡桃膏，醋糊丸如
桐子大。每服十五丸，风腰疼，豆淋无灰酒下。气腰疼，煨葱白酒下。血腰疼、当归酒下。打扑腰疼，
苏木酒下。张子和治赵进道病腰疼一年不愈，诊其两手脉沉重有力，以通经散（陈皮、当归、甘遂为
末，每三钱，临卧温酒调下。）下五七行，次以杜仲，去粗皮细切，炒断丝为末。每服三钱，猪腰子
一枚，薄批五七片，先以椒盐淹去腥水，掺药在内，裹以荷叶，以湿纸数重封，文武火烧熟，临卧细
嚼，温
酒送下。每旦以无比山药丸一服，数日而愈。治腰痛牵引足膝脚 ，屡用神效。杜仲，姜汁炒去丝，
续断、黑牵牛、破故纸、桃仁炒去皮尖、玄胡索各等分，为细末。酒煮面糊胡桃肉，和丸如桐子大。
每服五七十丸，食前温酒、白汤任下。（以上俱用下药，实者宜之。）腰胯连脚膝晓夜疼痛，宜虎骨
散、补骨脂丸、百倍丸、养肾散、选而用之。大抵诸腰痛皆起肾虚，既挟邪气，则须除其邪。如无外
邪积滞而自痛，则惟补肾而已。腰肢痿弱，身体疲倦，脚膝酸软，脉或洪或细而皆无力，痛亦攸攸隐
隐而不甚，是其候也。亦分寒热二证，脉细而无力，怯怯短气，小便清利，是为阳虚。宜肾气丸、茴
香丸、鹿茸、羊肾之属，或以大建中汤加川椒十粒，吞下腰肾丸，及生料鹿茸丸之类。仍以茴香炒研
末，破开猪腰子，作薄片勿令断，层层掺药末，水纸裹煨熟，细嚼酒咽。此皆所以补阳之不足也。其
脉洪而无力，小便黄赤，虚火时炎，是谓阴虚。东垣所谓膏粱之人，久服汤药，醉以入房，损其真气，
则肾气热，肾气热则腰脊痛而不能举，久则髓减骨枯，发为骨痿。宜六味丸、滋肾丸、封髓丹、补阴
丸之类。以补阴之不足也。杨仁斋云∶经云，腰者肾之腑，转摇不能，肾将惫矣。审如是则病在少阴，
必究其受病之源，而处之为得。虽然宗筋聚于阴器，肝者肾之
同系也。五脏皆取气于谷，脾者肾之仓廪也。郁怒伤肝则诸筋纵弛，忧思伤脾则胃气不行，二者又能
为腰痛之冠，故并及之。郁怒伤肝发为腰痛，宜调肝散主之。忧思伤脾发为腰痛，宜沉香降气汤和调
气散，姜、枣煎主之。煨肾丸，治肝肾损及脾损，谷不化，腰痛不起者神效。又有沮锉失志伤肾而痛
者，和剂七气汤，多加白茯苓，少加乳香、沉香主之。疟痢后腰痛，及妇人月经后腰痛，俱属虚，宜
补。于补气血药中，加杜仲、侧柏叶主之。丹溪云∶久腰痛，必用官桂开之方止，腹胁痛亦然。橘香
丸，治腰痛经久不瘥，亦用官桂开之之意也。
【肾着】肾着为病，其体重，腰冷如冰，饮食如故，小便自利，腰以下冷痛，如带五千钱，治宜流湿，兼
用温散，肾着汤。
【腰胯痛】腰痛，足太阳膀胱经也。胯痛，足少阳胆经之所过也。若因伤于寒湿，流注经络，结滞骨节，气
血不和，而致腰胯痛者，宜除湿丹，或渗湿汤加芍药、青皮、苍
术、槟榔。有痰积郁滞经络，流搏瘀血，内亦作痛，用导痰汤加槟榔、青皮、芍药，实者禹攻散。湿
执腰胯作疼，宜清湿散。
【腰软】丹溪以为肾肝伏热，治宜黄柏防己。
【诊】大者肾虚。涩为瘀血。缓为寒湿。或滑或伏为痰。尺沉为腰背痛。尺脉沉而弦，沉为滞，
弦为虚。沉弦而紧，为寒。沉弦而浮，为风。沉弦而涩细，为湿。沉弦而实，闪肭。肾惫及盛怒伤志，
则腰失强不能转摇而死。（经云∶肾者腰之腑，转摇不能，肾将惫矣。得强者生，失强者死。又云∶
肾盛怒而不止则伤志，志伤则善忘其前言，腰脊不可以俯仰屈伸，毛悴色夭，死于季夏是也。）
The *Suwen: Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun* states: When the Taiyang qi arrives, it leads to lower back pain. It also states: Juyang is synonymous with Taiyang; when deficient, it causes pain in the head, nape, lower back, and spine. The pathway of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian emerges from the head, branches down to the nape, runs along the medial aspect of the shoulder blades, flanks the spine, and reaches the middle of the waist. Therefore, pathology manifests as a sensation of the neck being pulled out, pain flanking the spine, the waist feeling as if broken, and the thighs being unable to flex. This occurs because deficiency of meridian qi allows pathogenic factors to lodge within, generating pain diseases. These pathogenic factors include wind, heat, dampness, dryness, and cold, all of which can cause disease. Generally, cold-damp patterns are more common than wind-heat patterns. However, there are cases of kidney-deficiency lower back pain caused by sexual exhaustion, due to the weakness of yang qi failing to move and transform. The classics state: "The waist is the mansion of the Kidney; if turning and rocking become impossible, the Kidney Qi is about to fail." Suitable formulas include Shenqi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill) and Huixiang Wan (Fennel Pill) to tonify insufficient yang.
Those who consume rich and greasy foods, take decoctions for a long time, and engage in intercourse while intoxicated damage their true qi, leading to Heat in the Kidney Qi. Heat in the Kidney Qi causes pain in the lower back and spine that prevents lifting the body; over time, marrow decreases and bones wither, developing into Guwei (Bone Atrophy). Suitable formulas include Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill), Zishen Wan (Nourish Kidney Pill), and Fengsui Dan (Seal Marrow Elixir) to tonify insufficient yin. The *Ling Shu* states: For lower back pain, if the upper part is cold, select points on the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians; if the upper part is hot, select points on the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian; if the body cannot bend or extend, select points on the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian. Generally, the three Yang meridities of the foot run from head to foot, and the three Yin meridities of the foot run from foot to abdomen; pain can occur wherever these meridians pass. Treatment requires determining which meridian is affected and its corresponding territory, needling the appropriate empty acupoints, and prescribing herbs based on the nature of cold or heat. For example, if Foot-Taiyang causes lower back pain radiating to the nape, spine, sacrum, and back with a heavy sensation, bleed the Weizhong point (BL40) and the two Taiyang meridians. Other cases follow this pattern. Those who insist on using a single formula for all types of lower back pain are certainly inflexible.
Wind, dampness, cold, heat, sprain/strain, blood stasis, qi stagnation, and phlegm accumulation are all branch manifestations. Kidney deficiency is the root manifestation. Wind injuring the Kidney causing pain presents with a floating pulse, pain shifting left or right without fixed location, radiating to both legs; Wujisan (Five Accumulations Powder) is suitable, adding Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) half qian and Quanxie (Scorpion) three pieces per dose. Xiaoxuming Tang (Minor Rescue Decoction) and Duhuo Jisheng Tang (Angelica Pubescens and Poria Decoction) are also selectable. (Adding Chao Qutao Ren (Stir-fried Peach Kernel) to Xiaoxuming Tang from *San Yin Fang* is excellent for wind-induced lower back pain.) Swallow Sanxian Dan simultaneously. Zhuyu (Eucommia Bark) stir-fried with ginger juice and powdered, one qian per dose, taken with warm wine on an empty stomach, treats Kidney Qi lower back pain and wind-cold pathogens, named Zhuyu Jiu (Eucommia Wine). *San Yin Fang* also has Niuxi Jiu (Achyranthes Wine) for unbearable stabbing lower back pain caused by Kidney injury from wind-toxin.
Pain from dampness injury feels like sitting in water; since the Kidney belongs to Water, prolonged sitting in damp places or exposure to rain/dew causes two Waters to combine, leading to lower back pain. The pulse is typically slow, exacerbating on cloudy days or after prolonged sitting, accompanied by bodily heaviness; Shenshi Tang (Damp-Percolating Decoction) is primary. If ineffective, use Shen Zhuo Tang (Kidney-Lodging Decoction) or Sheng Fu Tang (Raw Aconite Decoction). For wind-damp lower back pain, use Duhuo Jisheng Tang. For cold-damp lower back pain, use Wujisan plus Taoren (Peach Kernel), Chuanxiong (Sichuan Lovage Rhizome), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) decoction, or Mahuang Cangzhu Tang (Ephedra and Atractylodes Decoction), combined with Moyao Gao (Lower Back Rubbing Ointment). For damp-heat lower back pain, use Cangzhu Tang, Duhuo Tang, or Qianghuo Tang. Li Dongyuan stated: If the body feels heavy and the lower back feels sinking, it indicates damp-heat in the meridians. Add Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) one qian, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite) five fen, and Cangzhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) two qian to Qianghuo Shengshi Tang (Notopterygium Decoction for Overcoming Damp-Heat).
Pain from cold invasion feels icy in the waist, with a tight pulse, alleviated by heat and aggravated by cold; Wujisan minus Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), plus Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit) half qian, or Jiangfu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) plus LAGui (Spicy Cinnamon) and Zhuyu, applied externally with Moyao Gao. Pain from heat invasion presents with a surging, rapid, and slippery pulse, thirst, and constipation; Gandou Tang (Sweet Bean Decoction) plus Xuduan (Dipsacus Root) and Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizome), alternating with Baidu San (Defecate Toxins Powder). If pain results from sprain/strain or falls/blows, use Ruxiang Chen Tong San (Frankincense Relieving Pain Powder) and Heishen San (Black Divine Powder), mixed with Fuyuan Tongqi San (Restore Origin Promoting Qi Circulation Powder), taken with wine. If ineffective, stagnant evil blood is likely present; first take Suhexiang Wan (Liquid Amber Pill) with wine, then use Wujisan plus Taoren, Dahuang (Rhubarb), Sumu (Dragon's Blood Wood) each one qian, and double the amount of Danggui (Angelica Sinensis).
If pain results from labor/overburdening, use Heqi Yin (Harmonizing Qi Drink) or Puxian Zhengqi San (Puxian Rectifying Qi Powder), or Shibu Tang (Ten Tonics Decoction) swallowing Qing'e Wan (Green Youth Pill). For sprain-strain lower back pain preventing turning/side-bending, take a large piece of aged Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), heat until red, quench in Laojiu (Old Wine), remove the Qu, and swallow Qing'e Wan with the wine, lying supine for a moment. Repeat if ineffective; pills may be omitted. Another method: mash Huixiang Gen (Fennel Root) with Hongqu (Red Yeast Rice), mix with good hot wine. Li Dongyuan stated: Blows/falls causing evil blood in the Taiyang meridian lead to lower back/spine pain or unbearable pain in calves/arms, with nasal congestion; Dilong Tang (Earthworm Decoction) is primary. Juhe Jiu (Walnut Seed Wine) and Shu Dahuang Tang (Cooked Rhubarb Decoction) are also options.
Zhu Danxi treated Xu Zhifu, age 60, with lower back pain from a horse fall, unable to turn/side-bend. His six pulses were scattered and large; deep pressure revealed wiry, small, long, and slightly firm qualities. Although evil blood was present, aggressive expulsion was contraindicated initially; tonification and connection were prioritized. He prescribed decoctions of Sumu, Renshen (Ginseng), Huangqi (Astragalus), Chuanxiong, Danggui, Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Mutong (Akebia Stem), and Gancao (Licorice). After half a month, diet improved, then he administered natural copper powder mixed with the previous medicine. Recovery occurred in one month. Blood stasis pathology presents with a choppy pulse, stabbing pain upon turning, black stool, yellow-black urine, worse at night, named Lixue Yao Tong (Dripping Blood Lower Back Pain). Use Tuirong Huoluo Yin (Regulate Nutrient Activate Collaterals Drink), or Tao Ren Jiu Tiao Heishen San (Peach Kernel Wine-Mixed Black Divine Powder), or Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Taoren and Honghua (Safflower). Danxi used Buyin Wan (Tonify Yin Pill) plus Taoren and Honghua.
Qi stagnation pain presents with a deep pulse; Renshen Shunqi San (Ginseng Smooth Qi Powder) or Wuyao Shunqi San (Lindera Smooth Qi Powder) plus Wujia Pi (Acanthopanax Bark) and Muxiang (Costus Root), with little Gancao, decocted in water. Alternatively, Jiangzhen Xiang (Dalbergia Odorifera), Tanxiang (Sandalwood), and Chenxiang (Agarwood) totaling one liang, decocted and taken on an empty stomach. Phlegm lodging pain presents with a slippery or hidden pulse; Erchen Tang (Two Aged Herbs Decoction) plus Nanting (Pinellia) and Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome), Wuyao, and Zhike (Bitter Orange) is primary. Food-stagnation lower back/leg pain uses Guiban (Turtle Shell, wine-processed), Baiye (Cypress Leaf, wine-processed), Xiangfu (5 qian), La Jiezi (Hot Mustard Seed), Lingxiaohua (Lagerstroemia Flower, 1.5 qian), pill-formulated with wine paste, swallowed with Siwu Tang plus Chenpi and Gancao (one fen). For food/phlegm stagnation with excess qi and strong pulse, purgatives are indicated. Weilinxian (Syneilesis Aconitifolia) is a key herb for pain; powder two qian per dose, inserted into a sliced pig kidney, wrapped in wet paper, roasted, chewed thoroughly at dawn, washed down with hot wine, stopping at mild laxation.
*Benshi Fang* treats five types of lower back pain: five Walnut Kernels (peeled, pounded to paste), Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung) three qian, Hei Qianniu (Black Morning Glory Seed, stir-fried) three qian, Bai Qianniu (White Morning Glory Seed, stir-fried) three qian, Gouji (Cibotium Rhizome, lightly stir-fried) half liang, Bibi (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome, stir-fried) three qian, Moyao (Myrrh) thirty wen, Badou (Croton Seed) five grains (wrapped in wet paper, roasted, flesh taken, oil removed). All powdered, mixed with walnut paste, pill-formulated with vinegar paste to wu-tong seed size. Fifteen pills per dose: Wind lower back pain with Doulin Wu Hui Jiu (Bean-Drip Non-Wine Alcohol); Qi lower back pain with Wei Cong Bai Jiu (Roasted Scallion White Wine); Blood lower back pain with Danggui Jiu (Angelica Wine); Blow/Fall lower back pain with Sumu Jiu (Dragon's Blood Wine).
Zhang Zihe treated Zhao Jindao with one-year persistent lower back pain. Both hands had heavy, strong pulses. Tongjing San (Meridian-Penetrating Powder: Chenpi, Danggui, Gansui powder, three qian, taken with warm wine before bed) induced five to seven bowel movements. Then, Duzhu (Eucommia Bark, peeled, cut fine, stir-fried until silk breaks, powdered), three qian per dose. One pig kidney, thinly sliced five to seven pieces, soaked in pepper-salt to remove fishy water, stuffed with powder, wrapped in lotus leaf, sealed with multiple layers of wet paper, cooked over moderate fire, chewed before bed, washed down with warm wine. Each morning, Wubi Shanyao Wan (Matchless Yam Pill) once daily. Cured in several days. Effective for lower back pain radiating to knees/feet. Formula: Duzhu (ginger-processed, silk removed), Xuduan (Teasel Root), Hei Qianniu, Poguzhi (Cistanche/Broomseed - note: context implies Cistanche or Broomseed, usually Cistanche in tonics but here paired with purgatives? Text says Po Gu Zhi usually Cistanche, but often paired with Du Zhong for kidney. Here listed with purgatives? Actually "Po Gu Zhi" usually refers to Cistanche or sometimes Broomseed depending on region, but standard is Cistanche. However, listed with Qian Niu/Tao Ren suggests a complex formula. Let's stick to literal translation), Taoren (stir-fried, skin/hilum removed), Yanshusuo (Corydalis Rhizome) equal parts. Powdered. Walnut meat boiled in wine with wheat paste, pill-formulated. 50-70 pills per dose, warm wine or plain water before meals. (These use purgatives, suitable for excess patterns.)
Lower back/hip pain radiating to knees day and night: Tiger Bone San, Buguzhi Wan, Baibei Wan, Yangshen San, choose as needed. Generally, all lower back pain originates from Kidney deficiency. If complicated by pathogens, expel them. If spontaneous pain without external pathogens/stagnation, only tonify the Kidney. Symptoms of lower back/limb flaccidity, bodily fatigue, sore weak knees, pulse surging or fine but powerless, dull vague pain indicate this condition. Differentiate Cold vs. Heat: Fine, powerless pulse, timidity, shortness of breath, clear urination indicate Yang Deficiency. Use Shenqi Wan, Huixiang Wan, Lurong (Deer Antler), Yangshen (Sheep Kidney), or Dajianzhong Tang (Great Build the Middle Decoction) plus ten Sichuan Peppercorns, swallowing Yaoshen Wan and Shengliao Lurong Wan. Also, stir-fry Huixiang powder, stuff into sliced pig kidney, wrap in water/paper, roast, chew with wine. This tonifies insufficient Yang.
Surging, powerless pulse, yellow-red urine, intermittent deficiency-fire flare-ups indicate Yin Deficiency. As Li Dongyuan stated: Rich-food consumers taking long-term meds, intoxication-sex damaging true qi lead to Kidney Heat... resulting in Guwei. Use Liuwei Wan, Zishen Wan, Fengsui Dan, Buyin Wan to tonify insufficient Yin. Yang Renzhai said: The classics state "Waist is Kidney's mansion... if turning impossible, Kidney fails." If so, the disease is in Shaoyin; investigate the source to prescribe correctly. Although Zongjin gathers at the genitalia, and Liver is the same system as Kidney. Five Zang organs derive qi from grain; Spleen is the Kidney's granary. Depressive anger injures Liver causing tendon laxity; worry/thought injures Spleen causing Stomach Qi stagnation. Both can be primary causes of lower back pain, hence mentioned.
Depressive anger injuring Liver causing lower back pain: Tiaogan San (Regulate Liver Powder). Worry/thought injuring Spleen causing lower back pain: Chenxiang Jiangqi Tang (Aquilaria Descending Qi Decoction) and Tiaoqi San (Regulate Qi Powder), decocted with Ginger/Jujube. Weishen Wan (Roasted Kidney Pill) is miraculous for Liver/Kidney/Spleen damage, indigestion, and inability to rise from lower back pain. Frustration/frustrated will injuring Kidney causing pain: Heji Qiqi Tang (Harmonizer Seven Qi Decoction), add much Baifuling (Poria), little Rushen (Frankincense) and Chenxiang. Post-malaria/dysentery lower back pain, and post-menstrual lower back pain in women, belong to deficiency; tonify. In blood/qi tonics, add Duzhu and Cebeiye (Biota Leaf). Zhu Danxi said: Chronic lower back pain must be opened with Guigui (Cassia Twig) to stop; abdominal/flank pain similarly. JuXiang Wan (Citrus Fragrant Pill) treats chronic lower back pain not healing, employing the intent of opening with Guigui.
[Shenzhuo] Shenzhuo disease: Body heavy, waist cold as ice, normal diet, free urination, cold pain below waist like carrying 5,000 coins. Treatment: Percolate dampness, warm-disperse, use Shen Zhuo Tang.
[Yao Ku Tong] Lower back pain belongs to Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Hip pain belongs to Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. If caused by cold-damp invading meridians, stagnating in bones/joints, disrupting qi/blood: Chushi Dan (Remove Dampness Pill) or Shenshi Tang plus Shaoyao (Peony), Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Cangzhu, Binglang (Areca Seed). Phlegm stagnation in meridians, clashing with blood stasis, internal pain: Daotan Tang (Guide Phlegm Decoction) plus Binglang, Qingpi, Shaoyao; Excess patterns use Yugong San. Dampness holding hip/waist pain: Qing Shi San (Clear Dampness Powder).
[Yao Ruan] Zhu Danxi attributes to latent heat in Kidney/Liver; treat with Huangbai (Phellodendron) and Fangji (Stephania Root).
[Diagnosis] Large pulse: Kidney deficiency. Choppy pulse: Blood stasis. Slow pulse: Cold-damp. Slippery or hidden pulse: Phlegm. Chi (Cun-Guan-Chi) deep pulse: Lower back/spine pain. Chi deep and wiry: Deep indicates stagnation, wiry indicates deficiency. Deep-wiry-tight: Cold. Deep-wiry-floating: Wind. Deep-wiry-choppy-fine: Dampness. Deep-wiry-excess: Sprain/strain. Kidney exhaustion and excessive anger injuring Zhi (Will) lead to loss of waist strength, inability to turn/rock, and death. (Classics: "Kidney is waist's mansion... gain strength live, lose strength die." Also: "Excessive anger injures Zhi... forgetfulness, inability to bend/extend waist/spine, hair withered, color faded, dies in late summer.")