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Chou (convulsion) refers to the spasm and tension of sinews and vessels; Chi Zong (clonic spasms) refers to the alternating relaxation and contraction of sinews and vessels, commonly known as "twitching". The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: All cases of heat-induced dizziness and convulsions belong to Fire. When heat dominates and wind combats it, merging into the meridians and collaterals, wind acts dynamically and restlessly. Wind and fire mutually exacerbate each other, thereby generating heat, dizziness, and convulsions. The treatment method involves using agents that dispel wind and purge heat to subdue the fire-heat, after which dizziness and convulsions can be cured immediately. If moxibustion is erroneously applied, or diaphoretic agents are drunk, death will ensue instantly. The *Su Wen* states: Extreme urgency in the Heart pulse indicates convulsions, which is due to Heart Fire deficiency and cold; treatment should tonify the Heart, primarily using Niuhuang San (Calculus Bovis Powder). The *Ling Shu* states: Fullness and largeness of the Heart pulse, accompanied by epilepsy and sinew cramping, indicate excess heat in Heart Fire; treatment should purge Heart Fire, primarily using Liangjing Wan (Cooling and Calming Pill). Small and urgent Liver pulse also indicates epilepsy and sinew cramping, due to Liver deficiency; treatment primarily uses Xuduan Wan (Dipsacus Pill). If the Liver pulse is vigorous, first rescue the Spleen, preferably using Jiajian Jianzhong Tang (Modified Build the Middle Decoction). The *Su Wen* states: Extreme urgency in the Spleen pulse also results in convulsions, caused by Spleen deficiency allowing Liver Wood to overact upon it; thus, agents that solidify Earth (tonify Spleen) and drain Liver Wood are appropriate. Heat damaging Yuan Qi leads to fatigue in the four limbs, numbness of fingers, and frequent convulsions; Renqi Yiqi Tang (Ginseng Qi-Boosting Decoction) is primarily used. Yin's cousin, nearly seventy years old, fell ill during the summer month with frequent spontaneous twitching of hands and feet, resembling infantile convulsive disease. Physicians did not recognize it and consulted me. I said this is Summer-Wind syndrome, caused by initial injury from summer-heat, opening the pores and allowing wind to invade. It is treated with Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Decoction) plus Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) one qian each, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) two qian, and Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) one and a half qian. After two doses, the illness disappeared. Wind deficiency causing confusion and unconsciousness, with convulsions of hands and feet, or alternating chills and fever, where blood deficiency precludes the use of diaphoretics, is treated primarily with Duhuo Tang (Angelicae Pubescentis Decoction). Deficient wind syndrome, characterized by ability to eat but numbness, tight jaw, convulsions of hands and feet, twitching of eye muscles, and facial swelling, indicates wind in the Stomach, treated primarily with Weifeng Tang (Stomach Wind Decoction). Liver labor with deficiency-cold, presenting as hypochondriac pain and distension, blurred vision and anorexia, limb cramping and convulsions, is treated primarily with Xuduan Wan (Dipsacus Pill). Stagnation of wind qi causing mental confusion, weakness in four limbs, deviation or twitching of mouth and eyes, occasional convulsions, thirst, or spontaneous sweating, is treated primarily with Xuming Zhusan (Xuming Boiled Powder). There are two types of convulsions in Yunqi (Five Movements and Six Qi) theory: One is Fire. The classics state: When Fire depression erupts, people suffer from vomiting and retching, and convulsions. It also states: Where Shaoyang arrives, there is sudden diarrhea and convulsions. It also states: When Shaoyang governs the year, if external pathogens prevail, convulsions occur. The second is Water. The classics state: When Yangming governs the year, dryness descends, and Wood follows upward; people suffer from hypochondriac pain, red eyes, trembling, shaking, and chills. It also states: When Year Earth is excessive, rain and dampness prevail; people suffer from foot atrophy and inability to hold themselves up, often falling while walking. It also states: In the reversal of Taiyin, there is heavy pain in the head, and trembling/shaking is particularly severe.

[Postpartum Convulsions] The classics state: The Liver governs sinews and stores Blood. Liver Qi is Yang and Fire, while Liver Blood is Yin and Water. The aforementioned symptoms occur because postpartum loss of Yin and Blood is excessive, leading to blazing Yang-Fire, leaving sinews without nourishment. Therefore, when carbuncles and sores discharge excessive pus, or metal wounds bleed excessively, Yang dissipates with Yin, often resulting in this condition. Treatment should employ Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder), or Bazhen San (Eight Treasures Powder) added with Danpi (Moutan Cortex) and Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis) to generate Yin-Blood, so that Yang-Fire naturally recedes and all symptoms heal. If ineffective, use Sijunzi (Four Gentlemen), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gui (Danggui Radix), Danpi, and Gouteng to tonify Spleen Earth. Because Blood is generated from Supreme Yin, and Supreme Yin is Spleen Earth. Thus, after infantile vomiting and diarrhea, when Spleen and Stomach are damaged, this condition is also common, representing a deficient pattern. There is no wind to expel and no phlegm to resolve. If belonging to Yang Qi collapse and sinking, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Middle-Boosting Qi-Supplementing Decoction) added with Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex); if Yang Qi is deficient and ruined, use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Perfect Great Tonifying Decoction) added with Gui and Fu (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and recovery is possible. For such syndromes, if limbs fear cold and the pulse is minute and fine, this is a true cold appearance. If the pulse is floating and large, with fever, irritability, and thirst, this is a false appearance; only consolidating the root is advisable. Weak convulsions, staring eyes (Daiyan), opisthotonos, and sweat like pearls are all untreatable. Ancient formulas include: Haicang Yufeng Tang (Haicang Wind-Dispelling Decoction), Jiaojia San (Interlacing Powder), Zengsun Chaihu Tang (Increased and Reduced Bupleurum Decoction), and Qinjiao Tang (Gentianae Macrophyllae Decoction).