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The *Jingui Yaolue* states: When a patient presents with fever in the body and cold feet, stiffness and tension in the neck and nape, aversion to cold, occasional heat in the head, redness of the face and eyes, isolated shaking of the head, sudden lockjaw (trismus), and opisthotonos (back arching backwards), this is called Jing disease (Spasm). (*Huoren Shu* states: The external manifestations include fever and aversion to cold, resembling Shanghan (Cold Damage), but the pulse is deep, slow, wiry, and thin, and the distinguishing feature is the arching of the neck and back.) In Taiyang disease, if there is fever, anhidrosis (absence of sweating), and aversion to cold, it is named Gangjing (Yang Spasm). In Taiyang disease, if there is fever, diaphoresis (sweating), and no aversion to cold, it is named Roujing (Yin Spasm). When the symptoms of Taiyang disease are complete, the body is stiff, rigid and unyielding, and the pulse is surprisingly deep and slow, this is Jing disease, which should be treated with Gualou Guizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Root and Cinnamon Twig Decoction). In Taiyang disease, if there is anhidrosis and the urine output is surprisingly low, with Qi rushing up to the chest, lockjaw preventing speech, and impending Gangjing, Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction) should be administered. For Gangjing, characterized by chest fullness, lockjaw, inability to lie flat due to severe opisthotonos, leg cramps, and teeth grinding, Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) may be given. (This involves herbs of the Yangming channel; Yangming governs the Zongjin (major tendons). When pathogenic factors of wind, cold, dampness, or heat enter the Stomach, fluids fail to circulate, and the Zongjin lose nourishment, necessitating urgent use of this decoction to purge damp-heat and promote fluid circulation. Thus, *Xuanming Lun* states: For Jing disease with staring eyes, lockjaw, back stiffness like a bow, restless tossing, and limb convulsions, San Yi Chengqi Tang should be used to purge, following the same principle. However, unless the syndrome is clearly identified as having excess heat, it should not be used lightly.) Note: It is known that the methods for treating Jing disease originated from Zhang Zhongjing, yet few realize that his discussions on Shanghan derive from the *Neijing*. His concept of Gangjing refers to contracting the condition through wind-stroke with fever compounded by cold exposure, which aligns with the *Neijing*'s description of the "He Xi" era (Fire excess year), where Upper Yu (Water deficiency) leads to Jing disease. The heat generated by Wind pathogen and the heat of Fire movement are virtually identical; the compounding cold is also similar to the Upper Yu cold, both being external constraints. Heat intensified by constraint becomes severe, leading to dryness transformation without sweat, blocking Qi and Blood circulation, causing both large and small sinews to suffer heat damage and become stiff, hence termed Gangjing. His concept of Roujing refers to Taiyang fever compounded by dampness, corresponding to the *Neijing*'s statement that all Jing diseases with neck stiffness belong to Dampness. It further states that due to Dampness, the head feels wrapped, and if damp-heat is not cleared, large sinews shorten and become soft, while small sinews elongate and relax; shortening causes spasm, while elongation causes flaccidity. Heat transferring from Lung to Kidney transforms into Roujing. Annotations explain: "Rou" means sinews are soft and weak; "Jing" means bones are stiff and unresponsive. Comparing these three meanings with Zhongjing's view that compounding dampness leads to Roujing, do they not both refer to small sinews becoming flaccid and weak due to dampness? Those presenting with head shaking, fever, neck stiffness, back arching, convulsions, and lockjaw, resembling Gangjing, do they not both refer to large sinews becoming spasmodic and stiff due to heat? Later commentaries consider anhidrosis as Exterior Excess and diaphoresis as Exterior Deficiency. Failing to recognize that excessive dampness naturally causes sweating, they treat it as Exterior Deficiency using warming agents like Ginger and Aconite, would this not exacerbate the heat in the sinews? Those adhering strictly to Zhongjing's formulas know to use Gegen Tang for Gangjing and Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang for Roujing. However, they fail to understand that for Roujing with a deep and slow pulse, *Jingui* prescribes adding Gualou Gen (Trichosanthes Root) instead of Gegen to Guizhi Tang. Using Gegen not only clears muscle-level heat but also, due to its light nature, generates fluids in the Exterior Yang aspect to moisten dry, tense sinews. Given the deep and slow pulse, "deep" indicates insufficient Wei Qi, so Guizhi is used to harmonize; "slow" indicates insufficient Ying Blood, so Gualou Gen is used, whose heavy nature generates fluids in the Exterior Yin aspect. This reflects Zhongjing's method of adjusting medication depth based on pulse floating or sunken. Regarding Taiyang transmitting to Yangming, presenting with chest fullness, lockjaw, inability to lie flat, leg cramps, and teeth grinding, administering Da Chengqi Tang demonstrates that treating Jing disease follows the Six Channels' exterior-interior differentiation of Shanghan without deviation. Cases such as Taiyang disease caused by excessive sweating, or hemorrhoid patients mistakenly induced to sweat leading to Jing; Taiyang disease with fever, deep-thin pulse, and Jing; or patients with fever, cold feet, neck stiffness, aversion to cold, occasional head heat, facial redness, eye redness, isolated head shaking, sudden lockjaw, and opisthotonos—if sweated, cold-damp combine, worsening exterior deficiency and severe aversion to cold; if sweated and the pulse resembles a wriggling snake; or sudden abdominal distension indicating resolution, but pulse remains unchanged or becomes hidden and wiry indicating Jing—these are not detailed in the preceding text. Nevertheless, mastering the flexible application of Shanghan treatments ensures sufficient therapeutic efficacy. Haizang states: Excessive sweating leading to Jing, with fever, cold feet, neck stiffness, aversion to cold, head heat, facial swelling, red eyes, head shaking, lockjaw, and opisthotonos, is Taiyang Jing. If the head is lowered, looking down, limbs pulled, elbows and knees touching, it is Yangming Jing. If one eye deviates sideways or one arm and leg convulse, it is Shaoyang Jing. Sweating, arresting sweating, harmonizing, and purging should each follow their respective channels to ensure cure. (Taiyang Jing is Exterior; anhidrosis requires sweating, diaphoresis requires arresting sweat. Yangming Jing is Interior; purging is indicated. Shaoyang Jing is Half-Exterior Half-Interior; harmonizing is indicated. This is "following each channel.") Shenji Tang added with Qianghuo and Mahuang treats Gangjing with anhidrosis. Baizhu Tang added with Guixin and Huangqi treats Roujing with diaphoresis. Taiyang-Yangming combined adds Chuanxiong and Jingjie Sui. Zhengyang Yangming adds Qianghuo and Jiuhuangqi. Shaoyang-Yangming adds Fangfeng and Chaihu Gen. Heat in the Exterior adds Huangqin. Cold in the Exterior adds Guizhi, Huangqi, and Fuzi. Heat in the Interior adds Dahuang. Cold in the Interior adds Ganjiang, Liangjiang, and Fuzi. Wang's channel-based discussion of Jing indeed captures Zhongjing's Shanghan methodology. The modification of Zhongjing's formulas by removing Gegen and Gualou Gen in favor of wind-dispelling herbs likely stems from the nature of wind-Jing with stiff sinews. However, *Yuanbing Shi* discusses stiff sinews and neck rigidity under the Dampness category, attributing it to Earth's quiet nature; when extreme, it counteracts via Wind transformation, but this is a false image, not true Wind, so it cannot be treated solely as Wind. Furthermore, Haizang's six-channel classification omits Jueyin, which does have Jing cases. The classics state: When Jueyin is in authority, guest excess causes joint immobility, internal Jing stiffness and cramping, and external inconvenience. *Lingshu* also states that Foot Shaoyin meridian sinew disease governs epilepsy, convulsions, and Jing, serving as an example of Yin meridian Jing. Perhaps Haizang omitted more than just this. *Neijing* mentions Taiyang arriving causes night sweat and Jing; Hand Yangming and Shaoyang reversal causes throat obstruction and Jing; these result from the self-regulating decline and rise of wind, cold, damp, heat, dryness, and fire within the six meridians, transforming into Jing, which we shall not discuss here. I have pondered that exogenous and endogenous causes of Jing require distinct treatments. Heavenly qi, driven by eight winds and six excesses, enters externally affecting the couli and internally contacting the five zang organs; thus, treating pathogens must address Wind. Human qi, damaged by emotional labor, stirs Jueyang, fanning the Ministerial and Imperial fires, triggering six meridian excesses, leading to Five Yang conflicts; therefore, excess is purged, deficiency is tonified, addressing Fire and regulating Spleen-Stomach Earth to restore Qi damaged by Fire, which is difficult to heal. Using exogenous dispersing herbs for endogenous injury depletes Yuan Qi, exhausts Blood, separates Spirit, and leads to untreatable collapse. Danxi states: It resembles epilepsy but is more severe, caused by severe Qi-Blood deficiency with Phlegm and Fire. Medications should include Renshen and Zhuli (Bamboo Sap), avoiding wind-dispersing herbs. A man in his twenties, after chickenpox scabs fell off, suddenly developed lockjaw, rigid limbs unable to flex, intermittent periumbilical pain with profuse cold sweat stopping when pain ceased, and a very wiry, tight, rapid pulse. This was due to fatigue injuring Blood, mountain dwelling exposing him to wind-cold, and chickenpox further depleting Blood. Treatment required acrid-warm blood-nourishing and acrid-cool wind-dispersing herbs: Danggui Shen and Shaoyao as Sovereign, Chuanxiong, Qingpi, and Gouteng as Ministers, Baizhu, Chenpi, and Gancao as Assistants, Guizhi, Muxiang, and Huanglian as Envoys, plus a little Honghua. Twelve doses brought recovery. Xue Xinpu states: Jing disease arises from excessive sweating/purging in Shanghan, postpartum conditions, ulcers, or harsh medications damaging Qi and Blood. If Metal is deficient and Wood hyperactive, use Xieqing Wan followed by Yigong San; if Kidney Water is deficient, use Liuwei Wan. If Liver Fire is hyperactive, use Jiawei Xiaochaihu Tang followed by Jiawei Siwu Tang; if feverish, use Jiawei Xiaoyao San. If Wood insults Spleen Earth, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Shaoyao and Shanzhi. If Spleen Meridian stagnation, use Jiawei Guipi Tang. If Spleen Earth damp-heat, use San Yi Chengqi Tang. Generally, post-illness Qi-Blood weakness is treated with concentrated Renshen and Baizhu decoctions supplemented with Jiangzhi and Zhuli. If ineffective, use Shiquan Dabu Tang; if still ineffective, urgently add Fuzi or use Shenfu Tang, otherwise it is untreatable. Yu Bo treated a woman in her thirties, emaciated, who suddenly developed Jing after menstruation, with lockjaw, limb contraction, and opisthotonos. This was due to excessive blood loss allowing Wind pathogen invasion. Siwu Tang added with Fangfeng, Qianghuo, and Jingjie, with a little Fuzi to move the meridians. Two doses halved the illness; six doses cured it. Zhang Zihe treated Lady Lu, thirty-something, suffering from wind convulsions, vertigo, opisthotonos, and anorexia for days. Physicians failed treating it as Wind. All wind tremors and vertigo belong to Liver Wood. Trembling is the function of Wind. Yang moves, Yin rests. Fire excess controls Metal; Metal deficiency fails to subdue Wood; Wood overgrows and sickens. He induced vomiting of two to three sheng of wind-phlegm, purged ten-plus times with cold herbs, and bled one cup from Baihui point via filiform needles, resulting in immediate cure. (Above are endogenous examples.) Jing disease distinguishes Gang/Rou by sweating/anhidrosis and Yin/Yang by presence/absence of Jue Ni (reversal of Qi). Although Zhongjing states Jing presents with fever and cold feet, Yang Jing does not involve Jue Ni; those with Jue Ni are Yin Jing. Yang Jing was described earlier. Yin Jing appearing in one or two days with facial swelling, cold extremities, tendon-pulse cramping, and anhidrosis suggests internal Yin Qi injury; Baye Baizhu San is indicated. If fever with deep-thin pulse involves Taiyin, abdominal pain is certain; Guizhi Jia Shaoyao, Fangfeng, Fangji Tang or Xiao Xuming Tang is indicated. For Yin Jing with cold extremities, tendon-pulse cramping, continuous sweating, neck stiffness, head shaking, and lockjaw, Fuzi San, Guixin Baizhu Tang, or Fuzi Fangfeng San are indicated. (Above are Three Yin examples.)

[Diagnosis] In Taiyang disease, fever with a deep-thin pulse is named Jing, and is difficult to treat. The Jing pulse is hidden, tight upon pressure, wiry, firm, straight, running up and down. (Wuze states: All Jing pulses are hidden, wiry, deep, and tight.) After sweating in Jing disease, if the pulse appears undulating like a snake and sudden abdominal distension occurs, it indicates impending resolution; if the pulse remains unchanged or becomes hidden and wiry, it is Jing. (The character "Jing" here is suspected to be a typo for "Death".) Jing disease with moxa scars is difficult to treat.

[Pregnancy Jing] Mostly caused by wind-cold-damp invading due to deficiency, treated primarily from the Taiyang channel. (It is feared that it should still follow the previous example, differentiating Six Channels' exterior-interior.) Xue states: If Heart-Liver Wind-Heat, use Gouteng Tang. If Liver-Spleen Blood Deficiency, use Jiawei Xiaoyao San. If Liver-Spleen Depression-Anger, use Jiawei Guipi Tang. If Qi Reversal with Phlegm Stagnation, use Zisu Yin. If Liver Fire Wind-Heat, use Gouteng San. If Spleen Depression with Phlegm Stagnation, use Erchen Tang, Jiangzhi, and Zhuli.

[Postpartum Jing] *Liangfang* states: Postpartum sweating transforming into Jing is due to Qi-Blood deficiency, loose couli, and Wind pathogen invasion. Symptoms include lockjaw, back stiffness resembling epilepsy, head shaking, neighing sounds, intermittent attacks, and breathlessness as if dying. Urgently administer Xiao Xuming Tang. If sweating is so profuse hands cannot wipe it, it is untreatable. *Qianjin Fang* treats postpartum wind-stroke with lockjaw, cyanotic face, and limb rigidity using one sheng of Zhuli, divided into five warm doses, frequently administered for great effect. Lou Quanshan states: Xiao Xuming Tang, Juqing Gubai San, and Dadouzi Tang all treat postpartum Jing and are Taiyang-Jueyin herbs. They are suitable for excess pathogens with floating-wiry-strong pulses, but postpartum patients with severe Qi-Blood deficiency should not be lightly treated with exterior-releasing methods; using Fangfeng Danggui San is superior. Xue states: Postpartum Jing results from excessive blood loss leaving sinews without nourishment, similar to excessive sweating/purging in Shanghan or massive discharge in ulcers, constituting a critical condition. Urgently use Shiquan Dabu Tang; if ineffective, urgently add Fuzi. Some cases are caused by six excesses or seven emotions (treatment see above).