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The anus (Gu Dao) itching is mostly caused by damp-heat generating parasites, which is about to form hemorrhoids. It is suitable to use realgar (Xionghuang) placed in mugwort fluff for smoke fumigation, and insert Qianglang Wan (Dung Beetle Pill). Qianglang Wan treats anal itching, or discharge of pus and blood, with parasites breeding in the adjacent orifices. The prescription consists of seven dung beetles collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, wings and legs removed, roasted and ground into powder; mixed with half tael of fresh cow dung and one tael of fatty mutton, stir-fried until fragrant. The above materials are boiled together into a paste, rolled into pills the size of lotus seeds. Heat the pill, wrap it thinly in new cotton, insert it into the lower part (anus) for half a day, eat less during this time, and the worms in the stool will be discharged. After three to five treatments, it can be completely cured.

To treat redness and swelling of the anus, or itching and pain, apply almond paste to the affected area. Alternatively, roast almonds until yellow, dip cotton in them, and apply to the anus. *Waitai Miyao* treats bites from parasites in the lower part by taking one hu of peach leaves, steaming them until extremely hot, placing them in a small-mouthed container, and having the patient sit over the container opening for fumigation; the parasites die immediately.

To treat anal swelling and pain, remove the shell of four or five colophony nuts (Mubiezi), take the meat, grind it into a mud-like consistency, place it in a new tile vessel or wooden basin, rinse with boiling water, then take a small amount to apply to the affected area.

[Diagnosis] If there is erosion and prolapse of the yin, a deficiency and small pulse indicates survival, while a tense pulse indicates death.

*Chao Shi Bing Yuan* discusses the five types of hemorrhoids: A protrusion resembling a rat's nipple at the anal verge, discharging pus and blood occasionally, is called Male Hemorrhoid (Mu Zhi); swelling at the anal verge with sores bleeding is called Female Hemorrhoid (Pin Zhi); sores at the anal verge that itch then hurt and bleed are called Pulse Hemorrhoid (Mai Zhi); swelling nodules at the anal verge with pain, chills, fever, and bleeding are called Intestinal Hemorrhoid (Chang Zhi); clear blood following stool during defecation is called Blood Hemorrhoid (Xue Zhi). There is also Wine Hemorrhoid (Jiu Zhi), where sores appear at the anal verge with bleeding. There is also Qi Hemorrhoid (Qi Zhi), characterized by difficult defecation with bleeding, and prolapse of the anus that does not retract for a long time. All hemorrhoids are caused by wind invasion, imprudent sexual activity, or intercourse after drunkenness and fullness, leading to qi and blood exhaustion, overflow of meridians and vessels, leakage into the intestines, and impact on the lower part. If not cured for a long time, they transform into fistulas. *Shengji Zonglu* describes the shape of hemorrhoids as transmitted from the five zang organs and received by the large intestine, grasping their origin and end. As stated in *Nei Jing*, overeating causes tendons and vessels to relax transversely, leading to intestinal changes forming hemorrhoids. It also states that recurrence of Shaoyin leads to hemorrhoids. Commentaries suggest that heat in the small intestine causes external hemorrhoids. It is also said that disease of the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) causes strangury and hemorrhoids. The Du Mai merges at Huiyin, circles the perineum, and wraps around the buttocks. Thus, the Du Mai is originally one meridian with Chong and Ren, initially combining with Yangming tendons at the genitalia, belonging to the Kidney and governing erection. Therefore, if due to intercourse after drunkenness, essence is depleted, meridians become empty, and wine toxin heat enters, flowing into these meridians; or due to excessive lust holding back ejaculation, or using drugs to secure essence, stagnating in the meridians and flowing to the perineum, acting on the large intestine and anus to form hemorrhoids. This is consistent with *Ling Shu* stating that the Bladder Foot Taiyang meridian and tendons reach the waist, connect to the Kidney, and branch through the buttocks. Thus, tendon diseases manifesting as hemorrhoids share the same principle as Du Mai diseases causing hemorrhoids. By inference, the Foot Jueyin liver meridian tendons surround the anterior and posterior orifices; could they not cause hemorrhoids? Those suffering from Rat Hemorrhoids often have blueish color and severe pain upon onset, indicating Liver stiffness and severe pain manifesting its true color. Formulary theories state that ulceration of all five hemorrhoids results in blood and pus, speaking only of severe heat rotting blood. However, if yellow fluid is discharged, it is damp-heat. One should seek guidance in Dongyuan's theories. Dongyuan treats the four qi of damp-heat, wind, and dryness. *Nei Jing* says: overeating causes tendons and vessels to relax transversely, leading to intestinal changes forming hemorrhoids. The Large Intestine belongs to Geng Metal, governs fluids, has a nature of dryness and clarity, possesses肃杀 (astringent/killing) qi, and its position governs gathering. Its function of transporting fluids follows the transformation of Foot Yangming Middle Earth Wu Earth. If prosperous, it generates all things; if weak, it destroys all things, hence "all things are born of earth and return to earth." Hand and Foot Yangming jointly manage this transformation. Located in the West, it is the fu organ responsible for killing pests. Due to overeating and intercourse, suppressing anterior orifice qi returns to the Large Intestine, causing Wood to exploit Fire and insult Dry Metal. Fire seeking dryness leads to constipation and hemorrhoidal fistula formation. Severe cases require bitter-cold herbs to drain fire, acrid-warm herbs to harmonize blood and moisten dryness, and wind-dispelling pain-relieving methods. Use Qinjiao (Gentianae Radix) and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) tips to harmonize blood and moisten dryness; Taoren (Persicam Semen) to moisten blood; Zaojiaoren (Gleditsiae Fructus Spina) to dispel wind-dryness; Diyü (Sanguisorbae Radix) to break blood stasis and stop bleeding; Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) bitter-cold to tonify Kidney and drain Stomach excess; Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) bland-leaching to direct qi to the anterior orifice, supplementing dryness-clearing Stomach damp-evil. Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) bitter-sweet uses bitterness to supplement insufficient dry qi and sweetness to drain fire and benefit yuan qi. Thus, sweet-cold draining fire borrows Zhishi's coldness. Ancients used medicine considering the lower jiao like a ditch. "Those below draw and exhaust." Often due to constipation, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) pushes it out. Fluids and blood further deficient, use Danggui to harmonize blood and oily agents for natural softening of stool. Make decoction slices for administration, treating lower jiao heat urgently. Since Diyü harms the stomach, make pills for fasting consumption after food residue is cleared. Named Qinjiao Baizhu Wan. Also: if hemorrhoids rupture, it is called hemorrhoidal fistula; constipation causes severe pain. This is due to wind-heat exploiting fullness obstruction, qi forcing the Large Intestine. The pathogenic factor is dry qi, the disease-causing factor is Stomach heat. Stomach punishing Large Intestine transforms into dryness; fire exploits dry-heat reality, winning wind attaching to heat. This is the combination of damp-heat, wind, and dryness qi. Thus, mass at Large Intestine head is damp; severe pain is wind; dry hard stool is main disease combined with fire-heat evil. Remove these four. Western Lung governs all qi, its body descends, also assisting disease as evil; must combine with qi-breaking herbs for complete treatment. Do not make pills; give decoction slices for rapid effect, primarily Qinjiao Cangzhu Tang. Chronic hemorrhoidal fistula due to overeating, tendons relaxing, intestinal change forming hemorrhoids, treat by tonifying North (Kidney) and draining Center (Spleen), use Honghua Taoren Tang. Hemorrhoidal fistula with dry hard stool and pain, use Qinjiao Danggui Tang. Hemorrhoidal fistula with hard stool, straining out rectal prolapse, bleeding, unbearable pain, use Danggui Yuliren Tang. Hemorrhoidal fistula forming masses hanging down, intolerable itching, use Qinjiao Qianghuo Tang. *Mai Jue* says: Accumulated qi beside Spleen, paroxysmal Large Intestine pain, gradually drain Sanjiao fire, do not scatter prescriptions without principles. Treat with Qisheng Wan. Hemorrhoidal fistula painful during daily defecation. If no pain, it is not hemorrhoidal fistula. Treat with Qinjiao Fangfeng Tang. Danxi focuses solely on cooling blood. Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) cool blood; Danggui harmonizes blood; Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) harmonizes blood; Huaijiao (Sophorae Flavescentis Fructus) cools and generates blood; Tiaoqin (Scutellariae Radix) cools Large Intestine; Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) widens intestine; Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) lifts. Decoct and take orally. Topically apply astringents like Luguanshi (Halloysitum Rubrum), Tongbian (Infant Urine), Muli (Ostreae Concha), Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi et Scapulae), Haihai (Meretrix Shell), Miduoseng (Lithargyrum). Xue Xinpu says: Initial swelling, pain, constipation, or difficult urination, clear heat, cool blood, moisten dryness, dispel wind. If qi-blood deficiency damaged by cold-cool, regulate Spleen and Stomach, tonify yin essence. If ruptured and unhealed for long, becoming fistula, penetrating buttocks, yin, or intestine, primarily nourish yuan qi and tonify yin essence. Constipation or pain, moisten dryness and drain dampness. Anal bearing-down or pain, drain fire and drain dampness. Bearing-down, swelling, pain, or itching, dispel wind and overcome dampness. Swelling, pain, difficult urination, clear Liver and guide dampness. Hemorrhoids combined with hernia, or hernia combined with chancre, belong to Liver-Kidney insufficiency variations. Use Dihuang Wan and Yiqi Tang to nourish transformation source. Special use of cold-cool to treat fire leads to disaster. Male Hemorrhoid: Ruxiang San, Zhu Ti Hui Wan. Female Hemorrhoid: Binglang San, Teng San, Shexiang San. Wine Hemorrhoid: Chixiaodou San, Gange Tang. Qi Hemorrhoid: Ju Pi Tang, Weilingxian Wan, Fumigation and Moxibustion Formula. Blood Hemorrhoid: Diyü San, Chunpi Wan, Zhu Zang Wan. Intestinal Hemorrhoid: Zaojiao Jian Wan, Biejia Wan. Pulse Hemorrhoid: Cipi Wan, Sangmuer San. Severe pain: Qinjiao Danggui Tang, Qisheng Wan, Nengxiao Wan, Diyü San, Shichong San, Longnao San, Baisheng San, Heiyu Dan, or Lizhi Cao decoction with Poxiao wash effective. Severe itching: Qinjiao Qianghuo Tang. Topically, strong decoction of Huaibai Pi, sit in basin for fumigation, reheat when cool, wait for urge to defecate, worms will emerge. Or mix Shuiyin (Mercurius) and Zaogao (Date Paste) two taels each, grind evenly, mold like dates, wrap in thin cotton, insert; worms emerge next day. If painful, add Fencao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) three parts to make pills. Or Weilingxian and Zhike (bran-fried) one tael each, coarse powder, boil water for fumigation and washing, reheat when cool, wash three times before bed avoiding wind, pat dry, apply Puhuang San, or moxa with realgar powder smoke fumigation. Unceasing bleeding: Xiong Gui Wan, Hei Wan Zi, Chou Chu Pi San, Er Fan Wan, Koushan Wan, Huaijiao Diyü Tang, Huaijiao Zhike Tang. Topically apply Xuemei (Dragon's Blood) powder. Qi stagnation causing hemorrhoids: Jingzhi Tang. Blood stasis causing pain: Zhuyu Xue Tang. Blood hemorrhoid, chronic hemorrhoid:ieg Gu uses Hei Dihuang Wan, called the holy medicine for hemorrhoids. Luck-based hemorrhoid flare-ups belong to cold. Classic says: Taiyang victory, hemorrhoid-malaria flare, treat with bitter-hot. Thus hemorrhoids inherently have cold types; *Benshi Fang* formulas use Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), likely their treatment. Fumigation formula: boil Fig Leaf (Wuhuaguo Ye) for fumigation, then wash. Another method: burn new bricks, pour vinegar, sit and fumigate effectively. Wash formula for Fanhua Hemorrhoid: wash with Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Poxiao (Natrii Sulfas) decoction, then apply fine powder of Mubiezi and Wubeizi mixed. If anal swelling and heat, sprinkle Poxiao powder mixed with water. Another formula: seven Fig Leaves, two qian Wubei, two qian Poxiao, one bowl water, boil to eight-tenths, fumigate and wash hot in clay pot. Application powder: Jineijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum), Puhuang (Typhae Pollen), Xuemei equal parts, powder. Sprinkle dry if wet, mix with oil if dry. Another formula: Qadi (Eggplant Stem), Heshouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix), Wenge (Clam Shell)酥-roasted, equal parts, honey, ginger juice, egg white, mix well for application. Plaster: Almond kernel peeled five qian, Castor Seed (Bimazi) shelled seven qian, Ruxiang two qian, Moyao four qian, Xuemei six qian, Pian Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum) one qian, Tonglü (Verdigris) two qian, Qingliu (Bitumen) three qian, Songxiang (Pini Resina) two liang, Chanshunjia Hui (Manis Squama Usticum) fried powder two qian, Renru (Human Milk) one wine cup. First crush Castor and Almond into mud, add Songxiang and crush, sequentially add other drugs, add appropriate amount of human milk, crush until proper consistency, crush 500-600 more times, store in porcelain jar sealed. When needed, roll into coin shape, spread on thick paper or silk, removes putrid tissue, drains pus, generates new flesh.

Li Fangyu's nine specialized hemorrhoid formulas were frequently effective for nobles. His medication is concise, ordered, manufactured properly, without suffering, and achieves rapid results. For external hemorrhoids, or everted like lotus flowers, with bleeding and pain, unable to sit or lie, severe cases use purgatives. Apply medicine morning, noon, evening. At night, observe pus-like yellow fluid gushing from hemorrhoid head. Do not apply medicine that night, let fluid drain completely. Next day, hemorrhoid shrinks by half. Applying medicine for one or two more days is good. For elderly patients with testicular traction pain, warm hands with fire and moxa between urination and defecation to relieve pain. If yellow fluid remains, apply another day, continue frequent application, monitored by skilled surgeons morning and evening. Complete drainage of yellow fluid indicates removal of disease root. Shui Cheng Gao is a flesh-protecting drug. Yujin (Curcumae Radix) and Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma) equal parts, fine powder. When hemorrhoid protrudes, lie on side, clean with salt water, wipe. Mix new water and honey in cup, add powder, apply to healthy flesh around anus, leave hemorrhoid head exposed. Cover with paper, brush paper with warm water to keep moist. Then apply desiccant drug: Good Bai Fan (Alumen) four taels, Tongming Sheng Pi (Realgar) two taels half weight, Zhusha (Cinnabaris) one qian, raw ground fine. Three ingredients: first place Realgar powder in Jian cup, cover with Bai Fan powder, calcine with fire until smoke stops. Realgar dissipates via smoke, leaving only its qi in Bai Fan. Take out Ku Fan (Calcined Alum), grind fine. Observe hemorrhoid head size/quantity, scoop powder into palm, add little Zhusha, mix with saliva. Apply to hemorrhoid head with comb, covering surroundings. Apply three times daily. Carefully observe color turning scorched black, then it falls off. Gradually at night, yellow pus emerges, more is better, this is toxic water, do not doubt. Apply again at midnight, three times next day, slight pain is acceptable. For changing medicine, use new tile vessel with new/warm water, gently brush old medicine with brush around hemorrhoid, apply new medicine, still use previous protecting medicine. For old/weak people, medication should be painless; increase Zhusha powder in alum powder to slow action. Do not stop medication, but reduce frequency, wait until hemorrhoid head is scorched/dry to stop. Then wash with Jingjie decoction. Run Chang Wan: Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) baked clean, Zhi Zhike (Prepared Aurantii Fructus), Danggui equal parts, honey pills. Take 20-30 pills with warm water. To prevent anal dryness, allowing easy defecation without astringent pain. Also Longshi San: Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi et Scapulae) fired, Ruang Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) fired, Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Huangdan (Minii Oxidum) powder, sprinkle on wound. Also Dao Chi San: Shengdi, Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) equal parts decoct, to prevent red/astringent urine. Also Shuangjin San: Huanglian, Yujin equal parts powder, mix with honey water for application on hemorrhoid head, apply even if slight pain. Adding Naohzi (Borneolum Naturalis) powder is better. Once hemorrhoid head contracts, take Shixuan San to generate qi and blood. Also Guolao Tang: Sheng Gancao (Licorice Root) is fundamental hemorrhoid medicine, decoct for fumigation/washing, generates flesh, resolves stone toxicity, treats extreme itching. Total nine formulas.

Mr. Zhou's Desiccant Hemorrhoid Method: Ming Fan (Alumen), Chishizhi (Halloysitum Rubrum) five qian, Chen Sha (Cinnabaris) add one qian if painful, Huangdan (Minii Oxidum), grind to powder. First protect anus with Yujin powder; if unavailable, use Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) powder. Mix and apply to surrounding healthy flesh; if not adhering, add Menglü Fen (Mung Bean Starch) to bind. Then apply desiccant drug. If anal pain, quickly decoct strong Gancao soup, cool, brush on surrounding anus. Give bowel-widening medicine: Huaihua (Sophorae Flos), Da Huang, Zhike, Mutong, Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructum), Qumai (Dianthi Herba), Danggui, half wine half water decoction. Desiccant drug: apply once in morning, once at noon (wash off old medicine), once at Shen hour (wash off, apply again). For urgent relief, wash and apply at Zi hour (midnight). Next day, observe hemorrhoid head pale black, like dark plum in 2-3 days. In 4-5 days, gently tap head with bamboo comb until hard like stone. Stop after 7-8 days, no need for desiccant drug, wait for natural detachment like radish root. Wash with Gancao, Jingjie, Huaihua to remove old medicine before applying new. General treatment: if operating tomorrow, give medicine today to widen Large Intestine, soften stool, avoid hindering hemorrhoid, prevent diarrhea. For non-detached heads, give daily. Da Huang one liang baked, Zhike fried, Danggui wine-washed one liang, fine powder, pill like paulownia seed. Swallow with good wine. To prevent complications from desiccated heads, or touching kidney root, or urinary tract redness/pain, use this formula: Da Huang, Mutong, Shengdi each one liang, Huashi (Talcum), Qumai half liang, fine powder. Take four qian decocted. Prompt Detachment Formula: if desiccated but not detached, use this. Ci Shi (Magnetitum) one qian, Bai Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Sheng Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix) five fen, fine powder. Mix with cold water, apply for immediate detachment. To remove papilla completely after desiccation, fearing residual hard head damaging surrounding anus causing sores, use this: Longgu one qian, Shigao one qian, Moyao five fen, Nifen (Calomelas) five fen, grind very fine. Wash with Jingjie soup first, then sprinkle. Strictly avoid toxic substances like Ginger. After detachment, wash with Gancao soup, Douchi (Fermented Soybean) soup, then Jingjie and Wubeizi decoction to prevent pus. Itching after detachment: wash with strong Gancao decoction. Recanalization Formula: after detaching papilla with desiccant, use this to recanalize. Tonifies qi, absorbs pus, removes blood, generates flesh making scar strong. Renshen, Danggui each one liang, Chuanxiong, Gancao, Baizhi, Fangfeng, Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Guizhi, Huangqi (Astragali Radix), fine powder, half wine half water decoction. If hating wine, use less wine more water. Summer reduce Guizhi, Houpo, add Huangqin, Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex).

Never use raw Realgar for hemorrhoids; toxic gas entering abdomen causes sudden death. Avoid raw/cold/hard foods, cold vegetables, wine-damp noodles, five spicy hot spices, dried ginger, etc. Violating this renders treatment ineffective.

Moxibustion: Ten slices of Garlic, head dirt molded into cake. Place head dirt cake on hemorrhoid head, outer layer garlic slice, moxa on top. Wang Wenxian of Xiazhou, Tang Dynasty, official, traveled through Luogu Valley with hemorrhoids, exacerbated severely, shape like cucumber inserted in rectal head, hot like burning ash, collapsed at post station. Post clerk said he suffered this, must moxa to cure. Boil Willow Branch decoction, wash hemorrhoid, place moxa cone on it, moxa 3-5 cones. Suddenly felt hot air enter intestine, turned to expel bloody foul matter, extremely painful, after expulsion cucumber shape disappeared, rode away. Secret Hemorrhoidal Fistula Inter-Alum Moxibustion: Zao Fan (Ferrum Sulfas) one jin, new tile, mud dam at ends. Brush tile with sesame oil, bake dry. Place Zao Fan on tile, calcine until dry, remove sand, grind to powder. Chanshunjia one qian, calcine in purple jar preserving nature, grind to powder. Mubiezi calcined similarly, take 2.5 qian powder. Ruxiang, Moyao each 1.5 qian, separately ground. Mix uniformly, adjust with cold water, make cake fitting wound size, paste on wound. Moxa 3-4 cones. After moxa, use fumigation/wash medicine, fumigate then wash, six times daily. After 3-5 days, moxa again as before, until cured. Fumigation/Wash Formula: Prepared Zao Fan approx. two handfuls, Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) powder one liang, Beimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus) powder one liang, Seven Scallions. Boil water with scallions 3-4 boils, pour into bottle, add previous medicines. Patient sits on bottle mouth to fumigate. When water temperature suitable, pour half to wash affected area, keep half for subsequent moxa. Reheat for fumigation/washing, until cured.

Avoid raw Realgar in hemorrhoid treatment; toxic vapors entering the abdomen can lead to sudden death. Patients should avoid raw, cold, hard foods, cold vegetables, alcohol-dampened noodles, pungent and hot spices, and dried ginger, as violating these dietary restrictions renders treatment ineffective.

For moxibustion therapy, place ten slices of garlic and a cake made from head dirt on the hemorrhoid. First, place the head dirt cake directly on the hemorrhoid head, then cover with a garlic slice, and apply moxa on top. Wang Wenxian, an official in Xiazhou during the Tang Dynasty, suffered a severe exacerbation of hemorrhoids while traveling through Luogu Valley. His condition resembled a cucumber protruding from the rectum, feeling hot like burning embers, causing him to collapse at a relay station. A post clerk, who had previously suffered from the same condition, advised moxibustion as a cure. Using a strong decoction of willow branches to wash the hemorrhoid, followed by applying moxa cones directly on the site for three to five sessions, the patient suddenly felt a stream of hot air enter his intestine, resulting in the expulsion of bloody and foul matter. Although extremely painful during evacuation, the protrusion disappeared afterward, allowing him to resume his journey.

A secret method for hemorrhoidal fistula involves interposing alum during moxibustion. Take one jin of green vitriol (Zao Fan), place it on a new tile with mud dams at both ends. Brush the tile with sesame oil and bake dry. Calcine the green vitriol on the tile until dry, remove impurities, and grind into powder. Calcinate one qian of pangolin scales in a purple jar to preserve their properties, then grind into powder. Process colophony nuts (Mubiezi) similarly and obtain 2.5 qian of powder. Grind one-and-a-half qian each of frankincense (Ruxiang) and myrrh (Moyao) separately. Mix all powders uniformly, adjust with cold water to form a paste, shape into a cake fitting the wound size, and apply to the lesion. Perform moxibustion with three to four cones. After moxibustion, use a fumigation and washing solution: fumigate first, then wash. Repeat six times daily. After three to five days, repeat the moxibustion procedure until cured.

The fumigation and washing formula consists of prepared green vitriol (approximately two handfuls), one liang of Anemarrhena powder (Zhimu), one liang of Fritillaria powder (Beimu), and seven scallions. Boil the scallions in water for three to four boils, pour into a bottle, and add the powdered medicines. Have the patient sit over the bottle mouth to fumigate the area. Once the temperature is tolerable, pour half the liquid to wash the affected area, reserving the other half for subsequent applications. Reheat the remaining liquid for repeated fumigation and washing until recovery.