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The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The external manifestations of Liver disorders include a greenish complexion, a preference for cleanliness, and irritability.

There are two types of "dusty" complexion caused by the influence of Five Movements and Six Qi: First, Dryness Metal restraining Liver Wood. The classics state: When Yangming Dryness Metal governs the year, excessive Dryness leads to people suffering from dry throat and a dusty complexion. It also states: When Yangming Dryness Metal is in the lower position, excessive Dryness causes dry throat and a dusty complexion. Furthermore, when Metal Qi stagnates and erupts, symptoms include dry throat and a dusty complexion. In such cases, treatment should employ moistening agents. Second, Fire pathogen. The classics state: When Shaoyang Ministerial Fire returns as a counter-attack, Jueyin Qi ascends upward, resulting in a face appearing like floating dust and dry eyes; treatment should employ cold agents. For acupuncture treatment of a dusty complexion, points from both the Liver and Gallbladder meridians are selected. The classics state: When the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian is affected, severe cases present with dry throat, a dusty complexion, and loss of luster. It also states: When the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian is affected, severe cases present with a slightly dusty appearance. Treatment involves selecting points based on excess or deficiency, heat or cold, and sinking conditions.

The *Nan Jing* states: The external manifestations of Heart disorders include a red complexion, dry mouth, and a tendency to laugh. Li Dongyuan stated: A red complexion indicates pathogenic factors stagnating in the meridians; it is suitable for releasing the exterior rather than purging the interior. Zhang Zhongjing stated: If there is diarrhea with a deep and slow pulse, the patient has a red face, slight body heat, and passes undigested food; this indicates yang qi stagnation, which will resolve through sweating accompanied by dizziness. This type of red complexion is also resolved by releasing the exterior. Complexions turning red due to climatic influences all belong to cold patterns. The classics state: When Taiyang Cold Water governs the year, excessive Cold leads to people suffering from a red face and yellow eyes. Treatment should employ hot agents. For acupuncture treatment of a red complexion, points from the Pericardium (Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian) are selected. The classics state: When the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian is affected, symptoms include a red face and yellow eyes. Treatment involves selecting points based on excess or deficiency, heat or cold, and sinking conditions. To treat a red complexion, take four liang of finely chopped good cypress bark (*Cupressi Lignum*), soak and mix it with human milk, dry it in the sun, then soak and mix again. Repeat this process six or seven times. Then grind it into fine powder. Take two qian before bed, mixed with clear tea water or decoction; this yields remarkable effects.

The *Nan Jing* states: The external manifestations of Spleen disorders include a yellow complexion, frequent belching, excessive thinking, and heightened taste sensitivity. The *Su Wen* (Basic Questions) states: When the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian's qi terminates, there are convulsions of the mouth and eyes, fright, delirious speech, and a yellow color. See the Jaundice section for treatment methods.

The *Nan Jing* states: The external manifestations of Lung disorders include a pale complexion, frequent sneezing, sadness, sorrow, unhappiness, and a desire to cry. In cases of blood depletion, the complexion is pale and lifeless without luster, and the pulse is empty. A pale and unhappy complexion in lung disease indicates depletion of Qi, Blood, Jin-Ye (Body Fluids), Essence, and Spirit. Ba Ji Wan (Morinda Pill) is the primary prescription. A tight pulse indicates cold. Alternatively, a pale complexion with frequent sneezing, or a sallow/dull complexion, all indicate cold. Use Qiang Huo (*Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix*), Fang Feng (*Saposhnikoviae Radix*), Gan Cao (*Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma*), and Gao Ben (*Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix*) to drain the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, adding a small amount of Fu Zi (*Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*) to unblock the pulse. If the complexion is dull with feelings of sadness and fear, add Gui Zhi (*Cinnamomi Ramulus*) and Fu Zi (*Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*). When the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian's qi terminates, there is retroversion of the eyeballs, opisthotonos, spasms, a white complexion, and cold sweat. When the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian's qi terminates, there is deafness, flaccidity of all joints, severance of the visual axis, and a blue-white complexion.