不寒不热,半阴半阳者,宜之。
良方升麻和气饮 治疮肿、疖疥、痒痛。
甘草 陈皮(各一两半) 芍药(七钱半) 大黄(半两,煨) 干葛 苍术 桔梗 升麻(各一两)
当归 茯苓 白芷(各二两) 干姜 枳壳(各半钱) 《三因方》有浓朴(半钱)
上 咀,每服一两,水煎。
按∶此手足太阴、阳明经药也,五积散加减法,世俗多用之,故收入。盖欲燥脾胃
胜湿和气,为治疮之剂,然临证而不通变,恐未合宜也。
加味当归饮子(见前)
圣济总录金针散 治发背,诸疮肿。
皂角针(春取一半新,采一半黑者)
上一味不拘多少,晒干为末。食后,酒调二三钱服。
按∶丹溪曰∶此药治痈疽,已破未破皆用,直领到溃处,谓当入群队中用也。
脉无力而缓者,秋冬者,宜之。
精要十宣散
人参 当归 黄 (各二两) 川芎 防风 浓朴 桔梗 官桂 甘草 白芷(各一两)
上为细末,每服二钱,加至六钱止。热酒调下,日数服以多为妙。不饮酒者,用木
香浓煎汤下,然不若酒力之胜也。许学士云∶此方得于都下异人,济苦者不可胜数。陈无
择谓∶此药在第四节服者非也,早服中病者,必消散。
《卫生宝鉴》曰∶诸痛痒疮疡,皆属心火,
言其常也。如疮盛形赢,邪高痛下,始热终寒,此反常也,固当察时下之宜而权治。故
曰,经者常也,法者用也,医者意也,随其
宜治之,可收十全之功矣。故此方用之于痈疽初发,或已发,或内托。然疮证脉缓涩,或
身倦恶寒热少,脉弦或紧细者,宜用之,散风寒助阳之剂也,表里气血之药。若施之于
积热 毒,更不分经络、时宜,不能无误也。
丹溪曰∶《精要》谓,排脓内补十宣散,治未成者速散,已成者速溃,诚哉是言也。若
用之于些小痈疮,与冬月时令,尽收内托之功;若于冬月肿疡用之,亦可转重就轻,移
深为浅。若溃疡于夏月用之,其桂朴之温散,佐以防风、白芷,吾恐虽有参 ,难为倚仗。
比见世人用此者,不分痈疽、冬夏,无经络,无前后,如盲人骑瞎马,夜半临深池,危哉。
十六味流气饮 治无名恶肿,痈疽等证。
川芎 当归 芍药 防风 人参 木香 黄 官桂 桔梗 白芷 槟榔 浓朴
乌药 甘草 紫苏 枳壳
上 咀,水煎服。
按∶此表里气血药也,复以疏风助阳之剂,世俗多用之,故收入。非脉之洪缓、沉
迟、紧细者,不宜用此。每见外科诸家载此,往往不分经络、脉证,不具时宜,但云化毒
消肿。有云不退者,加以补气血之药。盖又使入不能无疑也,用者当触类而长之。
凡治疮疡,不审元气虚实,病在表里,便服败毒、流气等药,必有失误。盖败毒散发
表药也,果有表症,止宜一二服,多则元气损,毒愈盛,虽有人参亦莫能补。流气饮耗
血药也,果气结胸满,只宜二三服,多则血反致败,虽有芎归亦难倚仗。丹溪曰∶此不
系膏粱丹毒之变,因虚劳气郁所致也。
千金托里散 治一切疮肿、发背、疔疮。
黄 (一两半) 浓朴 防风 桔梗(各二两) 连翘(二两二钱) 木香 没药(各三钱) 乳香(二
钱) 当归(半两) 川芎 白芷 芍药 官桂 人参 甘草(各一两)
上为细末。每服三钱,酒一大盏,煎三二沸,和滓温服。
When there is neither chills nor fever, indicating a syndrome of half-Yin and half-Yang, this method is suitable.
Liangfang Shengma Heqi Yin (Shengma Harmonizing Qi Decoction from Excellent Formulas): Treats carbuncles, boils, scabies, itching, and pain.
Ingredients: Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi) (each 1.5 liang), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Shaoyao) (0.75 liang), Radix Polygoni Cuspidati (Dahuang) (0.5 liang, roasted), Rhizoma Bupleuri (Gange), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Cangzhu), Radix Platycodi (Jiegeng), and Radix Cimicifugae (Shengma) (each 1 liang), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui), Poria (Fuling), and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi) (each 2 liang), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Ganjiang) and Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao) (each 0.05 liang). *San Yin Fang* also includes Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Houpo) (0.05 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs into small pieces. For each dose of 1 liang, decoct in water.
Commentary: These are herbs belonging to the Foot-Taiyin, Hand-Taiyin, and Yangming meridians. This is a modification of Wujisan (Five Accumulations Decoction), widely used by common practitioners, hence it is included here. The intention is likely to dry dampness, strengthen the spleen and stomach, overcome dampness, and harmonize Qi, serving as a formula for treating sores. However, without flexibility in clinical application, it may not be entirely appropriate.
Jiawei Danggui Yin (Modified Danggui Drink) (see previous text)
Shengji Zonglu Jinzhen San (Golden Needle Powder from General Records of Sage Assistance): Treats back carbuncles and various swelling sores.
Ingredients: Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis (Zaojiaoren) (In spring, take half fresh-picked and half black ones).
Preparation and Administration: Take the above single herb in any quantity, dry it in the sun, and grind it into powder. After meals, mix 2-3 qian with wine and take orally.
Commentary: Danxi stated: This medicine treats carbuncles and ulcers; it can be used whether they have ruptured or not, reaching directly to the ulcerated area. It implies that it should be used within a compound prescription.
When the pulse is weak and slow, or when the disease occurs in autumn and winter, this method is suitable.
Jingyao Shixuan San (Essential Ten-Accumulation Dispersion)
Ingredients: Radix Ginseng (Renshen), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui), and Radix Astragali Membranacei (Huangqi) (each 2 liang), Radix Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Houpo), Radix Platycodi (Jiegeng), Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae (Guangui), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, increasing up to 6 qian if necessary. Mix with hot wine and take orally. Taking multiple doses daily is preferable. For those who do not drink alcohol, decoct Radix Aucklandiae (Muxiang) strongly and take orally with the decoction, though this is less effective than wine. Xu Xueshi said: This formula was obtained from an extraordinary person in the capital, saving countless sufferers. Chen Wuze stated: It is incorrect to administer this medicine at the fourth stage; if taken early and matching the pathology, the condition will surely dissipate.
*Weisheng Baojian* states: Various painful, itchy sores and ulcers belong to Heart Fire, which refers to the general rule. If the sore is severe while the body is emaciated, the pathogen is high but pain is low, starting with heat and ending with cold, this is an abnormal situation. One must indeed observe the appropriateness of the current season and weigh the treatment accordingly. Thus, it is said that classics state the constant principles, methods denote application, and the physician's skill lies in discernment. Treating according to appropriateness can achieve perfect results. Therefore, this formula is used for the initial onset of carbuncles and ulcers, or for internal support therapy. However, if the sore presents with a slow and choppy pulse, or if the patient is fatigued, aversed to cold, has minimal chills/fever, or has a string-taut, tight, or thin pulse, this formula is suitable. It is a formula to disperse wind-cold and assist Yang, regulating the exterior-interior and Qi-Blood. If applied to accumulated heat and toxic pathogens without distinguishing meridians and seasonal appropriateness, errors are inevitable.
Danxi said: *Jingyao* states that Paiong Neibu Shixuan San (Draining Pus and Internal-Nourishing Ten-Accumulation Dispersion) causes unformed sores to dissipate quickly and formed sores to suppurate quickly. This is indeed true. If used for minor sores or in winter, it achieves the full effect of internal support; if used in winter for swelling sores (unruptured), it can turn heavy conditions light and deep conditions superficial. However, if used in summer for ulcerated sores (ruptured), the warming and dispersing nature of Cinnamon Twig and Magnolia Bark, assisted by Saposhnikovia Root and Angelica Dahurica Root, makes me fear that even with Ginseng and Astragalus, reliance on them would be difficult. Recently, I have seen people using this formula indiscriminately regarding the type of carbuncle, season (winter/summer), meridians, and progression, like a blind man riding a blind horse facing a deep pool at midnight—this is perilous.
Shiliuwei Liuqi Yin (Sixteen-Ingredient Flowing-Qi Decoction): Treats nameless malignant swellings, carbuncles, and other conditions.
Ingredients: Radix Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Ginseng, Radix Aucklandiae, Radix Astragali Membranacei, Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae, Radix Platycodi, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Areca Seed (Binglang), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Rhizoma Linderae (Wuyao), Radix Glycyrrhizae, Folium Perillae (Zisu), and Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs and decoct in water for oral administration.
Commentary: These are herbs regulating the exterior-interior and Qi-Blood, combined with formulas to disperse wind and assist Yang. Widely used by common practitioners, hence included. It is not suitable unless the pulse is surging-slow, deep-slow, tight, or thin. I often see surgical texts citing this formula without distinguishing meridians, pulse signs, or seasonal appropriateness, merely claiming it resolves toxins and reduces swelling. When ineffective, tonifying Qi and Blood herbs are added, causing further doubt. Users should apply this principle flexibly.
Generally, treating sores without assessing the deficiency or excess of Yuan Qi (Original Qi) and the location of the disease (exterior or interior), and immediately administering Baidu or Liuqi formulas, will inevitably lead to mistakes. Baodu San is an exterior-releasing formula; if there is truly an exterior syndrome, only one or two doses are appropriate. Excessive use damages Yuan Qi and intensifies toxicity; even with Ginseng, it cannot be replenished. Liuqi Yin consumes Blood; if there is truly Qi stagnation and chest fullness, only two or three doses are appropriate. Excessive use ruins Blood; even with Chuanxiong and Danggui, reliance is futile. Danxi stated: This is not a transformation caused by rich food and toxin, but due to deficiency-labor and Qi depression.
Qianjin Tuoli San (Thousand-Gold Supporting-Interior Powder): Treats all swelling sores, back carbuncles, and carbuncles (Dingchuang).
Ingredients: Radix Astragali Membranacei (Huangqi) (1.5 liang), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Platycodi (each 2 liang), Fructus Forsythiae (Lianqiao) (2.2 qian), Radix Aucklandiae, Myrrha (Moyao) (each 3 qian), Olibanum (Ruxiang) (2 qian), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui) (0.5 liang), Radix Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae, Radix Ginseng, and Radix Glycyrrhizae (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one large cup of wine for two or three boils, and take warm including the dregs.