味辛，温，无毒。主风寒洗洗，霍乱泄痢，肠鸣上下无常处，惊痫，寒热百疾。疗肺
伤咳
逆出汗，久寒在膀胱支满，饮酒夜食发病。一名白菀，一名织女菀，一名茆（音柳）。生汉
中
川谷或山阳。正月、二月采，阴干。（畏卤碱。）
陶隐居云∶比来医方都无复用之。市人亦少有，便是欲绝。别复有白菀似紫菀，非此之
别名
也。唐本注云∶白菀即女菀，更无别者，有名未用中浪出一条。无紫菀时亦用之，功效相似
也。臣禹锡等今据有名未用中，无白菀者，盖唐修本草时删去尔。
衍义曰∶女菀，一名白菀。或者谓为二物，非也。唐删去白菀之条，甚合宜。陶能言，
不能
指说性状。余从《经》中所说甚明，今直取《经》。
味苦，平，无毒。主五脏邪气，寒湿痹，四肢疼酸，膝冷痛，疗百病，益气。吴名白
功草，楚名王孙，齐名长孙，一名黄孙，一名黄昏，一名海孙，一名蔓延。生海西川谷及汝
南城郭垣下。
陶隐居云∶今方家皆呼名黄昏，又云牡蒙，市人亦少识者。唐本注云∶《短剧》述本草
牡蒙
，一名王孙。《药对》∶有牡蒙无王孙。此则一物明矣。又主金疮，破血，生肌肉，止痛，
赤
白痢，补虚益气，除脚肿，发阴阳也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶叶似及己而大，根长尺余
，皮、肉亦紫色。
Nüwan (Asteriscus):
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats shivering caused by wind-cold, dysentery and diarrhea due to cholera, intestinal murmurs with pain of uncertain location, convulsions and epilepsy, and various diseases characterized by alternating chills and fever. It treats cough, counterflow qi, and sweating due to lung injury; distension and fullness in the bladder caused by long-standing cold; and illnesses triggered by drinking alcohol or eating at night. Also known as Baiwan, also known as Zhinvwan, also known as Mao (pronounced like Liu). Grows in the valleys or sunny slopes of Hanzhong. Harvested in the first and second lunar months, dried in the shade. (Avoids using with Lu Jian / halogenated alkali.)
Tao Hongjing states: In recent times, medical prescriptions have completely stopped using it. It is rarely found in the market, and its supply is about to cease. There is another herb called Baiwan that resembles Ziwan (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma), but it is not an alias for this herb. The commentary in *Xinxiu Bencao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica) states: Baiwan is Nüwan, with no other distinct variety; it appears as an extra entry in the "Named but Unused" section. When Ziwan is unavailable, Nüwan can be used instead, as their efficacy is similar. Ministers Yuxi and others note that based on the absence of Baiwan in the "Named but Unused" section, it was likely deleted during the Tang Dynasty revision of *Bencao*.
*Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) states: Nüwan is also called Baiwan. Some consider them to be two different substances, which is incorrect. The Tang Dynasty's deletion of the Baiwan entry was very appropriate. Tao Hongjing could name it but failed to describe its physical characteristics. I rely on the clear description in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) and directly adopt the classic text here.
Wangsun (Dendrobium nobile / related species):
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness, soreness and acid pain in the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, treats various diseases, and tonifies primordial qi. Known as Baigongcao in Wu, Wangsun in Chu, Changsun in Qi, also known as Huangsun, also known as Huanghun, also known as Haishen, also known as Manyan. Grows in the valleys of Haixi and beneath the city walls of Rucheng.
Tao Hongjing states: Physicians today all call it Huanghun, and also refer to it as Mumeng. Few people in the market recognize it. The commentary in *Xinxiu Bencao* states: *Duanju* records Mumeng in Bencao, also known as Wangsun. *Yaodui* (Drug Pairs) records Mumeng but not Wangsun. This clearly indicates they are the same substance. Additionally, it treats traumatic injuries from metal weapons, invigorates blood, promotes tissue regeneration, relieves pain, treats red and white dysentery, tonifies deficiency and augments qi, eliminates edema in the feet, and regulates yin and yang. Ministers Yuxi and others respectfully cite the Shu edition commentary: The leaves resemble Ji Ji (Saururus chinensis) but are larger; the root is over a chi long, and both the skin and flesh are purple.