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Can gather and retain the human soul. Some people today call it "Nursing Bird" (Rumu Niao), saying it is formed from a woman who died in childbirth, capable of taking other people's children to raise as its own, with two breasts on its chest. *Xuanzhong Ji* records: Guhuo (姑获), also known as Heavenly Emperor's Young Maiden (Tiandi Shaonv), Yinfei (隐飞), and Night-Walking Flying Woman (Yexing Younü). It likes to take human infants to raise. If there is a boy in the house, it leaves blood spots on his clothes as a mark. This is why people today do not want children's clothes to be exposed to the night air. People at that time also called it Ghost Bird (Gui Niao). *Jingchu Suishiji* records: Guhuo, also known as Gouxing (Hook Star). Wearing feathers makes it a bird; shedding feathers makes it a woman. *Zuo Zhuan* records: Birds singing at Bo. Du Yu's commentary says: Xixi (sound like 'Xi') is this bird. *Zhou Li · Ting Shi* mentions shooting Xixi with bows for saving the sun and arrows for saving the moon, referring to this bird.

It flies and sings when it is dark, can enter human rooms, and collect human soul qi. Also known as Ghost Bird. This bird once had ten heads; one head was bitten off by a dog, and now only nine remain. One of them constantly bleeds; if the blood drips onto a house, it brings misfortune. Hearing its flight and singing at night, one should twist their ears, indicating its fear of dogs. It is also called Nine-Headed Bird (Jiutouniao). *Jingchu Suishiji* records: When Guhuo sings at night, hearing it and twisting ears means it is not Guhuo, but Guiche Bird (Ghost Car Bird). The two birds are similar, hence the confusion. *Baize Tu* records: Cangying (Cang Ying), which Confucius and Zixia saw in the past, so they sang about it; its picture shows nine heads.

Do not eat birds that die naturally with their eyes open. Ducks with white eyes cause death. Birds with three claws and four spurs cause death. Birds with six toes are inedible. Birds that cannot stretch their legs when dead are inedible. White-bodied birds with black heads, and black-bodied birds with white heads are inedible. Eggs with an "eight" character pattern are inedible. If a pregnant woman eats sparrow brain, it causes the child to suffer from Sparrow Eye (Que Mu, nyctalopia). If a bird flies and throws itself at a person, there must be something in its mouth; plucking its feathers and releasing it is auspicious.

(Added in Jiyou year from *Yanyi*)

Shimi (Rock Honey)
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic, slightly warm. Mainly treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, various types of epilepsy and convulsions, stabilizes the five zang organs and addresses deficiencies, tonifies qi and supplements the middle jiao, stops pain and detoxifies, eliminates various diseases, harmonizes hundred herbs, nourishes spleen qi, removes mental restlessness, treats inability to eat or drink, stops intestinal dysentery (Chang Pi), relieves muscle pain, treats mouth ulcers, and brightens the eyes and ears. Long-term consumption strengthens willpower, lightens the body, prevents hunger and aging, and extends life like an immortal. Also known as Shiyi (Rock Maltose). Produced in the valleys of Wudu, Heyuan, and rocks in various mountains. Those white like paste are superior.

Tao Hongjing said: Shimi is cliff honey, made between high mountain rocks, greenish-red in color, slightly sour in taste, causing mental restlessness when eaten. The bees are black and resemble horseflies.
There is also tree honey, called edible honey, made hanging on tree branches, greenish-white in color. Those made in tree hollows and raised by households are also white, thick, and delicious. Generally, bees need human urine to ferment various flowers to produce honey, resulting in a consistency similar to malt syrup production. There is also earth honey, made in the soil, greenish-white and sour. Currently, much earth honey comes from Tan Cliff in Jian'an, considered the best. Dongyang and Linhai areas produce much tree honey. Qian and Huai'an counties produce much cliff honey. There are also mixed trees and household-raised ones. Most are adulterated, rarely pure; one must personally inspect to avoid impurities. Moreover, most are boiled. Honey from west of Jiangnan is mostly tree honey, heavily adulterated, unsuitable for medicinal use. Daoist pills require it. Immortal formulas also use refined single forms. Now, white honey in the capital resembles solidified butter, sweet and durable, completely excluding Jiangnan varieties. Some say it is made by boiling sand sugar with water buffalo milk, also called Shimi. Since this is bee-made, the "Stone" character should be removed. The following entry for wax honey should be called simply. I refer to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Honey treats dental caries, lip and mouth ulcers, red eye obstructions, and kills parasites. Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note Chen Cangqi's statement: Ordinary honey is also made in wood or earth. North: Dry land, mostly in earth; South: Humid land, mostly in wood. Each grows according to local suitability, but the honey is the same. Cliff honey is from a different bee, as Tao described, from southern rock ridges, living on cliffs, bees large as horseflies, nests in rock caves, extracted with long poles. This may indicate limited knowledge. Current Shimi is indeed rock honey, should be changed to Yan (Rock) character. Sugarcane and Shimi are separately listed in *Ben Jing*. Zhang Sikong said: In remote mountainous areas, honey attaches to rock walls, inaccessible by climbing. Only from the mountaintop, lowering oneself in a basket cart, can it be collected. Bees leave residual wax on stones, birds like sparrows flock to peck it clean. In spring, bees return as before, and people protect these sites. Xuanzhou has Coptis Honey, yellow, bitter. Treats hot eyes. Made by bees carrying Coptis flowers. Western Capital has Pear Blossom Honey, white like congealed fat, made from pear blossoms, varying by origin. *Yaoxing Lun* states: White honey is the sovereign herb. Treats sudden heart pain and bloody/dysenteric stools; mix with water as honey soup, drink one bowl to stop; or mix ginger juice and honey, each one he, with water, drink at once. Regular consumption makes face rosy like flowers, very precious in immortal formulas. Treats mouth ulcers by soaking Qing Dai leaves and holding in mouth.
*Tujing* says: Honey (written as Shimi in *Ben Jing*, Su Gong says remove "Stone"), produced in Wudu, Heyuan valleys, and various mountains. Now found in Sichuan-Shu, Jiangnan, Lingnan. Wax and White Wax produced in Wudu valleys, from honeycomb wood/stone, now everywhere, especially in Xuan, She, Tang, Deng, Yi, Lu regions. Shimi is cliff honey. Bees black like horseflies, nest in high cliffs or caves, inaccessible. Extracted with long poles, caught in vessels, up to 3-4 dan, sour taste, green color, better medicinally than other honeys. Zhang Sikong said: Remote mountain honey attaches to sheer rock walls, only collected by lowering from peaks. Bees leave wax, birds peck clean, bees return in spring, people protect sites, called Mi Sai. Bird called Ling Que. This honey is current Shimi. Edible honey has two types: one in forest trees, one in household hives. Bees small and yellowish, honey thick and delicious. Recent Xuanzhou Coptis Honey, yellow, slightly bitter. Yong-Lu region Pear Blossom Honey, like fat. Bozhou Taiqing Palace Juniper Flower Honey, reddish. Nanjing Zhecheng County He Shou Wu Honey, darker red. All made by bees collecting specific flowers, properties warm/cool similar to flower nature. Wax is the bottom of the honeycomb, initially fragrant and tender, becomes usable after repeated boiling. Medicinal use requires White Wax, further refined, melted in water many times until white. Ancients ate wax during famines. To eat, chew with dates to soften. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang*: Gan Shaofu treated leg cramps and wind strike, cold limbs like paralysis. Take half jin of wax, old silk cloth width 5-6 cun, adjust size. Melt wax on cloth, test temperature, wrap hot around foot, wear socks over, change when cool. Also treats heart anxiety and palpitations. If wind toxin suspected, wrap hands too.
*Shiliao* slightly warm. Treats heart/abdominal evil qi, epilepsy, tonifies five zang deficiencies. Benefits middle, stops pain, detoxifies. Eliminates diseases, harmonizes herbs, nourishes spleen qi, removes irritability, treats anorexia. Treats abdominal pain, stabbing pain, bloody dysentery: crush fresh Rehmannia juice, mix with one spoon honey, ingest immediately. Long-term use gives floral complexion, precious in immortal formulas. If feeling heat or limb discomfort, drink one bowl honey water, very effective. Stops dysentery, clears mouth ulcers, brightens senses, prevents hunger. For hot eye membranes, household white honey is best, tree honey second, cliff honey third. For Leprosy: Take one jin white honey, two jin ginger, crush to extract juice. Weigh copper pot, add honey to melt. Re-weigh, add ginger juice, simmer gently until ginger juice exhausted. Weigh honey, stop when weight matches. Dosage: Date-sized pill, morning, three times daily, wine wash. Avoid raw/cold, vinegar, slippery/foul foods. Many functions, not fully listed. Lei Gong said: Refining one jin honey yields 12.5 liang. Fire too low/high renders it useless. *Waitai Miyao*: Recent years, epidemic maculopapular rash, head/body, rapid spread, fire-like sores with white pus, fatal if untreated. Scars darken, fade in a year. Evil qi. Called "Barbarian Sore" from Jianwu era battles. Doctors treat: Rub good honey on sores, decoct Shen Ma in honey, wipe frequently. Another formula: Genital sores. Decoct Licorice in honey, apply, heals. *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*: Dan sore, toxic, five colors change. Mix honey with dried ginger powder. Fish bone/choking object: Spoon good honey, swallow slowly. Swallowed coin: Refined honey two sheng, expels it. Burns/scalds: Apply honey to pores. Hair loss: Walnut juice applied promotes growth. Hemorrhoids/Lung Heat: Lung heat causes anal swelling/blockage. Clear quickly. Heat/oil burn: Apply white honey. Sun Simiao *Shi Ji*: Do not eat raw honey in July, causes acute diarrhea/Huo Luan. Apply white honey with Poria powder, heals in seven days. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Treats belching/anorexia. Hold cliff honey, swallow slowly. *Li Fang* same. *Shanghan Leiyao*: Yangming disease, spontaneous sweating, frequent urination indicates internal fluid exhaustion. Do not purge. Take seven he honey, simmer in copper vessel to pill consistency, shape like finger, refine slightly, take with warm water to stop.
*Yanyi* says: Shimi was in *Jiayou Bencao* insect/fish section and fruit section. New book adopts Su Gong, removing "Stone". Since Shimi has its own entry and refining method, now called lactose sugar, the insect section entry is erroneous. Thus, "Shimi" is undoubtedly "Baimi" (White Honey). Ancient texts corrupted over time, hence "Baisha Mi" (White Sand Honey). Old honey turns white/sandy; new is thin/yellow. Wax entry separate because it is honeycomb structure, processing differs. White wax attached to wax entry is error. *Bencao* continues wax usage and origin notes, shouldn't split. Why? White wax entry lacks flavor/nature, only color. Yellow vs White: White is essence/new, Yellow is old/stale. Honey prefers aged, wax prefers fresh. *Tang Zhu* said remove "Mi" character. I argue: Cannot remove "Mi", obscures origin. Mountain honey in rocks/old wood, aged 2-3 years, rich flavor. Household honey harvested twice yearly, less rich, sours after summer. Store in wells near water to prevent spoilage. Apply to burns/pain. Mix with Scallion White, safe but excessive intake causes wind disorders.