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Taste sweet, nature cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats lower jiao damp-heat lin syndrome (dysuria caused by damp-heat in the lower burner), promotes urination, and induces sleep. Grows in mountains. Resembles Ulmus pumila bark, contains slippery juice. Produces pods in autumn resembling those of northern elm. Tao Hongjing only saw elm trees and noted that there were no elms in the southern regions, which is incorrect.

Taste bitter, nature cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats internal heat stagnation, jaundice caused by heat toxin, astringent and reddish urine and stool, various heat toxins, brightens the eyes, extracts juice to wash the eyes, mainly treats redness, swelling, ulceration, and heat-type cataracts of the eye. Grows in southwestern countries. Also known as Longhua.

Taste bitter, nature cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats heart and abdominal pain, cholera, breaks blood stasis, decocted with wine for administration. Mainly treats jaundice caused by alcohol jaundice and yeji disease (a type of chronic wasting disease), bloody dysentery, decocted with water for administration. Those coming from the southwest are mostly cut into flakes and used for dyeing yellow; the tree resembles Dalbergia odorifera (Sandalwood).

(Added during Jiyou year from Bencao Yan yi)

Sanggen Baipi (Cortex Mori)
Taste sweet, nature cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats internal injury, wulao liuji (general term for various severe deficiency syndromes), emaciation, metrorrhagia or pulse absence, tonifies deficiency and benefits qi, removes water qi in the lungs, treats hemoptysis, heat thirst, edema, abdominal distension, promotes urination, removes Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), can be used to suture metal wounds. Collection has no fixed time. Roots emerging from the soil are poisonous. (Duanxuan, Guixin, Maziren are its guiding drugs.)

Ye (Mori Folium)
Mainly treats removal of chills and fever, induces sweating. Juice resolves Wugong poison (centipede venom).

Sanger (Fungus on Mulberry Tree)
Taste sweet, toxic. Black ones mainly treat leukorrhea with red and white discharge in women, blood masses and accumulations, genital pain, imbalance of yin and yang with chills and fever, infertility, and irregular menstruation. The yellow mature ones that turn white stop chronic diarrhea, benefit qi, and reduce hunger. The golden ones treat phlegm-fluid retention and accumulations, abdominal pain, and metal wounds. Also known as Sangjun, also known as Mumai (Shu Ben Bencao writes "Xun", pronunciation quan xun qie).

Wumuer (Five Types of Wood Ear Fungi)
Name Ruan (pronunciation ruan), benefits qi, reduces hunger, lightens the body, strengthens willpower. Grows in Jianwei valleys. Collected during the rainy season in June, then sun-dried.
Tao Yinju said: Mulberry roots growing eastward are easy to obtain, while those emerging from the soil near rivers should not be trusted lightly. The Fang for stopping grain consumption using Sang'er says: Mu Xun, also called Sangshang Jisheng, here refers to Wumuer. But it does not clearly show what four types of wood these are. According to research, old mulberry trees produce dry fungi. There are yellow ones, red-white ones, and during heavy rain, soft and wet ones grow. People collect them to make pickles, which have no medicinal value. Tang Ben Zhu says: Chu Er (Fungus on Paper Mulberry), people often eat it; Huai Er (Fungus on Locust Tree), used to treat hemorrhoids; Yu Er (Elm fungus), Liu Er (Willow fungus), Sang Er (Mulberry fungus); these are called five fungi. The soft ones are edible. Sangshen (Mulberry Fruit), taste sweet, nature cold, non-toxic. Eating alone mainly treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Ye (Leaf), taste bitter, sweet, nature cold, slightly toxic. Decoct with water to obtain thick juice, removes Hongjiaojiao edema (ankle swelling due to damp-heat), promotes urination in large and small intestines. Hui (Ash), taste pungent, nature cold, slightly toxic. Steamed and leached to obtain juice, made into paste, used with Donghui (winter ash) to remove black spots, corrode malignant flesh, decocted into pills the size of adzuki beans to treat lower body edema, applied to metal wounds to stop bleeding and generate flesh. Currently consulting Chen Cangqi's Bencao: Sangye juice mainly treats cholera with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In winter, use dried leaves, decoct strongly and take; grind to extract white juice to combine with treatment for metal wounds, also treats infant lip sores. Finely chopped, decocted in a large pot until like red sugar, removes old wind and retained blood. Yaya (leaf buds) named Jisang, most suitable for use. Shen (fruit), benefits five zang organs, joints, promotes blood and qi circulation. Long-term use prevents hunger. Collect much, sun-dry. Grind into powder, mix with honey to make pills. Take sixty pills daily, turns hair white and prevents aging. Take one sheng of black shen, mix with one sheng of tadpoles, seal in a bottle, hang at the east end of the house, after one hundred days it turns into black mud, dyes white temples black as lacquer. Also take fourteen pieces, mix with walnut fat, grind into paste, pluck white hairs, apply to the hole, black hairs will grow. Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully followed Yaoxing Lun saying: Sangbaipi, guiding drug, neutral nature. Can treat lung asthma and fullness, water qi edema, mainly treats injury and qi exhaustion, promotes urination, eliminates water qi, deficiency labor and guest heat, headache, internally supplements insufficiency. Sanger, guiding drug. Also known as Sangchen, also known as Sanghuang. Taste sweet, pungent, non-toxic. Can treat women's metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, amenorrhea with blood coagulation, postpartum blood coagulation, men's pi masses, also treats hidden blood, passes red blood. Also says Muer (wood ear fungus) can be used alone, neutral nature. Meng Shen said: Cold nature, non-toxic. Benefits five zang organs, unblocks gastrointestinal qi stagnation, detoxifies. Do not eat too much, only beneficial for those taking Dan Shi (mineral pills) to clear heat, make soup with scallion and fermented soybean. Xiao Bing said: Sangye roasted and decocted for drinking stops cholera. Meng Shen said: Sanggen Baipi decocted for drinking benefits five zang organs. Also used in powders, expels all wind qi and water qi. Also says Sangye roasted and decocted for drinking stops thirst, just like tea method. Also says Sangpi decocted can dye brown color lasting long, burned to ash and leached, used by metalworkers. Ri Huazi said: Sangbaipi, warm nature. Regulates middle jiao, directs qi downward, benefits five zang organs, eliminates phlegm, stops thirst, promotes urination in large and small intestines, opens stomach, promotes digestion, kills abdominal parasites, stops cholera vomiting and diarrhea, this comes from Sanggenpi. Also says home mulberry eastward roots, warm nature, non-toxic. Ground juice treats infant Tian Diao convulsions, external pathogenic factors, and applies to E Kou Chuang (thrush), highly effective. Also says home mulberry leaves, warm nature, non-toxic. Benefits five zang organs, unblocks joints, directs qi downward. Decocted for drinking, removes wind pain and sweating, treats contusions and blood stasis, treats snake, insect, centipede bites after steaming, apply with salt. Spring branches before leaf opening can be made into decoction, taken with wine to treat all winds. Also says Sanger, warm nature, slightly toxic. Stops intestinal wind bloody diarrhea, women's heart and abdominal pain. Yaoxing Lun says: Xun'er (fungus) can be used alone, neutral nature. Those on ancient locust and mulberry trees are good. Can treat broken blood and strengthen strength, others on trees move wind qi, trigger chronic diseases, cause rib tightness, damage meridians, cause back and shoulder stuffiness. Also boil porridge, place on locust wood, cover with grass, fungi grow, those on Tuo wood are next best. Meng Shen said: Junzi (fungus), cold nature. Triggers five zang winds, blocks meridians, aggravates hemorrhoids, causes drowsiness, weakness in back, shoulders, and limbs. Also says there are several types of fungi, those on locust trees are good. Those in wild fields may be toxic and kill. Also triggers cold qi, causes slight abdominal pain.

Tu Jing said: Sanggen Baipi, Ben Jing does not specify origin provinces, now available everywhere. Collection has no fixed time. Do not use parts emerging from soil, eastward roots are better. Some say white inner bark is usable. Upon initial collection, peel off outer rough bark with copper knife, take inner white part, slice and bake dry. Do not scrape off the green slime inside the bark, as medicinal power lies therein. Detests iron and lead, keep away. Sangye best when regrown in summer and autumn, collected after frost. Boil soup to wash hands and feet, excellent for removing wind-bi. Sanger, also known as Sanghuang. Yellow mature white ones and golden ones are all usable, crush, slice, decoct with wine, mainly treats leukorrhea. Its fruit Shen, has white and black varieties, sun-dried. Both mainly turn white hair black. Bai Xian (white lichen) on bark, flower also named Sanghua, resembles ground money. Scrape with knife, stir-fry dry, to stop epistaxis and hematemesis. Burned to ash and leached, widely used by physicians. Sang Shang Du Chong (borer worm in mulberry), mainly treats sudden heart pain, insufficient flesh regeneration in metal wounds. White juice in bark mainly treats infant mouth sores, apply and heals quickly. Also apply to dry pain from metal blade injuries, stops bleeding shortly, then wrap with peeled white bark to let juice enter wound, good. Winter use of root bark is verified. White bark made into thread to suture protruding intestines in metal wounds, smear with hot chicken blood. Tang An Jinzang used this method for self-abdominal incision and healed. Sangtiao decoction seen in Jinxiao Fang. Says: Sangjian treats water qi, lung qi, Hongjiaojiao, carbuncles combined with wind qi. Two liang of Sangzhi (mulberry twig), seven liang of Da Cheng (large scale - likely a typo for another herb or unit, context implies mixing), finely chopped like beans, with one da sheng of water, decoct to obtain three he, if wanting more production, increase proportionally, first roast until fragrant, then decoct. Take on empty stomach, with tea soup or porridge, half da sheng per dose, no contraindications. This formula says: Sangzhi, neutral nature. Neither cold nor hot, can be taken regularly. Treats generalized wind itching and dryness, Hongjiaojiao, wind qi, limb spasms, rising qi, dizziness, lung qi cough, aids digestion, promotes urination. Long-term use lightens body, sharpens hearing and vision, makes skin lustrous, also treats dry mouth. Xian Jing says: All immortal medicines must be taken with Sangjian. From Baopuzi. This formula: One sheng of Sangzhi, finely chopped and roasted until fragrant, with three da sheng of water, decoct to obtain two da sheng. Drink all in one day, regardless of meals, this dosage follows the previous formula. Sangye can be taken regularly. Shenxian Fushi Fang: Collect leaves when mulberry is lush in April, and when two-thirds have fallen after frost in October, the remaining one-third is named Shenxian Ye, collect immediately. Shade-dry together with previous leaves. Grind into powder for pills or powders, or decoct as tea. Also collect Shen, sun-dry. Eat with honey, both sharpen intelligence, calm soul and spirit. Also roast leaves until slightly dry. Decoct with Sangyi (mulberry bark interior) for drinking. Treats dysentery, also treats metal wounds and various injuries, stops bleeding. Medical books praise Sang's efficacy as miraculous, especially useful for humans. Erya says: Sangbian has Ren (same as Zhen), Zhi. Guo Pu says: Bian means half. Half has Ren, half unnamed is called Zhi. Also says: Nvsang (female mulberry), [missing character] Sang. Commonly call small mulberry trees with long branches Nvsang. Also Shansang (mountain mulberry) wood is suitable for bows and crossbows, [missing character] Sang silk is suitable for qin and se, both are fine materials, rarely matched by other woods.

Lei Gong said: Generally, use tender roots from the east side of ten years or older. After collection, peel off one layer of thin green-yellow outer bark with a copper knife, only take the second layer of white tender green slime. Chop on a locust wood block with a copper knife, bake until dry. Do not let the slime on the bark fall off, as the slime is the medicinal power. This drug detests iron and lead. Shenghui Fang: Treats Feng Da (severe wind disease/leprosy) with loss of head and facial hair. Use Sangchai hui (mulberry branch ash) leached with hot water to wash head and face (soybean water extracted paste helps dissolve the alkaline taste of ash, better). Then use warm water with mung bean flour to wash clean. Ten times is ideal. Wash head every three days, wash face once a day. Waitai Miyao: Treats Pian Feng (hemiplegia/wind stroke) and all winds. Chop one da sheng of Sangzhi, use fresh tender branches from this year, with one da dou of water, decoct to obtain two da sheng. In summer, sink in well water to prevent souring. Take one zhan daily on an empty stomach until finished. Also decoct and take for life to prevent Pian Feng; for prevention, taking one da sheng is good. Another prescription: Extreme cold pulse, hair and eyebrows fall out, makes hair grow moist and strong. Two sheng of Sangbaipi, soak in water, boil five or six boils, strain residue, wash temples and hair so they do not fall out. Another prescription: Five Hemorrhoids. Make soup with Sanger, eat on empty stomach with rice until full, eat three times a day. When anus suddenly hurts like bird pecking, take one sheng each of large and small beans, pound together, make two bags, steam until hot, sit alternately on them, then heals. Qianjin Fang: Treats white spreading mouth sores. Take mulberry tree juice, first wipe mouth with hair, then apply juice. Another prescription: In August and September, pricking causes evil fluid swelling in hands and feet, often killing people. Take three Sangzhi, put in ash, roast until extremely hot, break, press head onto wound until heat dissipates, then replace. After using two strips, wound naturally rots, still take Leiu Bai (garlic sprout) to apply on wound, wrap tightly with cloth. If swollen, make again, using Xie Bai (shallot) is better. Zhouhou Fang: Treats infants and children with frequent nosebleeds upon slight exertion. Sanger any amount, roast until charred, grind to powder. Whenever nosebleed occurs, plug nose with almond-sized amount, several times can stop it. Shenshi Fang is the same. Ge Shi Fang: Sudden polyuria, Xiao Ke. Dig three chi deep to get Sanggen, peel white bark, roast until yellow-black, chop, decoct with water until thick, drink as desired, can add a little rice, do not add salt. Another prescription: Postpartum continuous bleeding, roast Sangbaipi, decoct with water and drink. Another prescription: Continuous blood leakage. Saw Sanggen, take scraps equivalent to five fingers pinch, take pure wine and drink. Three times a day. Another prescription: Swelling due to wounds, all caused by water immersion and wind-cold invasion, if swelling enters abdomen it kills. Mostly soak in Sanghui leachate, change when cold, until healed. Meishi Fang is the same. Another prescription: Poison from food/drink causing internal hard pain, yellow-green face, emaciation, unpredictable changes. Take Sangmuxin (heartwood of mulberry), chop enough for one hu, put in pot, cover with water up to three dou, boil to obtain two dou, clarify supernatant, simmer gently to obtain five sheng. Fast overnight, take five he in morning, then vomit out gu poison. Meishi Fang: Treats edema, unable to sit or lie down, head, face, and body all swollen. Take Dongyin Huasangzhi (eastward flowering mulberry twig), burn to ash, leach juice, decoct Chi Xiaodou (adzuki beans). Eat until full on empty stomach, eat all when hungry, do not drink. Another prescription: Treats metal wound pain. Grind Sangchai hui and apply on wound, good. Jingyan Fang: Treats severe cough, or bright red hemoptysis. One jin of Sanggen Baipi, soak in rice washing water for three nights, scrape off yellow skin cleanly, chop finely, add four liang of glutinous rice, bake dry. Pound together into powder. Take one or two qian mixed with rice water. Another prescription: Treats Qing Mang (blindness), this method should be followed strictly, seeing objects like eagles, has this effect. On specific auspicious days: Jan 8, Feb 8, Mar 6, Apr 6, May 5, Jun 2, Jul 7, Aug 25, Sep 12, Oct 12, Nov 26, Dec 30, use one ge of Sangchai hui, pour boiling water over it, clarify in porcelain vessel until very clear, wash with slightly warm medicinal juice. If cold, reheat in water bath, wash continuously, must wash on these auspicious days, as this is the divine method. Jingyan Hou Fang treats Lung Toxic Sores resembling severe wind disease. Lvyun San: Take good Sangye, wash clean, steam thoroughly overnight, sun-dry and grind to powder. Mix with water, take two qian bi. Another prescription: Horse fall injury. Five jin of Sanggen Baipi ground to powder, decoct with one sheng of water into paste, apply on injured area, stops pain. Afterwards no retained blood, never triggers again. Guangli Fang treats continuous bloody diarrhea. One da liang of Sanger, roast until black, with one da sheng three he of water, decoct to obtain six he, strain. Divide into three warm doses on empty stomach. Another prescription: Treats snake bite sores, apply Sangshu baipi juice, heals. Another prescription: Treats metal wounds. Take new Sangbaipi, burn to ash, mix with horse manure, apply on wound, change frequently. Shengjin Fang: Treats infant thirst. Use Sangye any amount, spread raw honey on each leaf, tie stem with thread to stretch, shade-dry, finely chop, decoct with water to obtain juice. Take and heals. Qian Xiang Gong Qie Zhong Fang: Treats Wugong and spider poison. Apply Sangbaipi juice, effective. Zimu Milu: Treats abortion with continuous bleeding. Burn Sangmu Zhongxie Chong (scorpion-like insect in mulberry wood) to powder, take one fang cun bi with wine, twice daily. Another prescription: Infant Chong She (double tongue). Decoct Sangbaipi juice, apply to breast milk and feed. Another prescription: Infant E Kou (thrush), mix Sangbaipi juice with Hufen (lead carbonate), apply. Yangshi Chanru: Children must not eat Sangshenzi, causes child's heart to become cold. Gongqi Fang: Treats infant tongue sores like congee skin. Apply Sangbaipi juice, heals in two or three applications. Xian Fang: Collect Sangshen when ripe, sun-dry. Grind to powder, mix with honey to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take forty pills with wine on empty stomach, long-term use is good. Shiji: Mulberry roots running sideways out of the ground are each Fu She (hidden snakes). A unique cure for heart pain. Ben Jing says: Sanggen emerging from soil kills. Using this to treat heart pain requires further investigation. Mao Shi Pan Shui Pian says: Eat my Sangshen, cherish my good words. Mang Shi says: Do not eat Sangshen, note: Zhen is mulberry fruit. Eating too much causes drunkenness, harms its nature. Danfang Jingyuan: Sanghui combines with mercury.

Bencao Yan yi says: In the Sanggen Baipi article, it says: The uses of Sang are somewhat complete; however, Wu Zhen (black mulberry fruit) is omitted, the essence of Sang lies entirely here. Pick, slightly grind, filter residue with cloth, boil into thin paste in stone vessel, add honey according to quantity, boil again into thick paste, store in porcelain jar. Take one or two qian each time, after meals and at night.