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[Jiangshi]
Nature and flavor: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats stone strangury (lithuria). This stone is expelled by patients with stone strangury in their urine, resembling small stones. When ground with water and taken orally, it should cause the fragmented stones to be discharged with the urine.
(Newly added)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihua Zi stated that Linshi has a warm nature.
Chen Cangqi stated: It is expelled from the urine, exactly like small stones, not other substances. Collect it when it is expelled; it is best for treating strangury. It also treats dysphagia with vomiting of food.

[Huangshi]
Flavor: Bitter, pungent. Nature: Very cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats residual heat in the chest, qi stagnation, jaundice, unblocks blood vessels, removes gu poison. Another name: Huangshi. Habitat: Fangshan. Collection: No fixed time. (Incompatible with Crotonis Fructus [Badou].)
Tao Hongjing stated: According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Changshi is also called Fangshi, and its therapeutic effects are similar; I suspect this is the same substance. The Tang Dynasty commentary notes: This stone has a cold nature, and its treatment of heat conditions is no less effective than Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao]. Current annotation suggests this substance is generally similar to Gypsum Fibrosum, except it does not grow attached to rocks but stands alone. Its block sizes vary; it may be found in soil or born in streams. Upon breaking, it always splits into square fragments, hence its name. Those from Daoniao Mountain in Shazhou are the best.
*Tujing* details are recorded under the entry for Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao].

[Qingmengshi]
Indications: Treats undigested food accumulation, stagnation in the zang-fu organs, long-standing food retention masses that do not heal, children's malnutrition due to food accumulation, and women's chronic food retention masses attacking the heart and abdomen. Used with Nitrum [Xiaoshi], Crotonis Fructus [Badou], Rheum Palmatum [Dahuang], and Curcumae Radix [Jingsanleng], etc., it is excellent. It can be made into pills and taken; grind finely into powder. Another name: Qingmengshi. (Newly defined)

[Jiangshi]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats hot pea sores, carbuncles, and other swellings. Habitat: Grows between earth and stone. Appearance: Resembles ginger. There are five types/colors; white is the best. It is found everywhere. Quality: Soft texture without grittiness (pronounced 'cha ren') is good; those from Licheng, Qizhou are superior. (Listed as an appendix in the Tang Dynasty text.)
*Tujing* states: Jiangshi grows between earth and stone; those from Licheng, Qizhou are superior. It is found elsewhere, but currently only produced in Qizhou. Its shape resembles ginger, with five varieties. Use the white ones; soft texture without grittiness is preferred. Collection: No fixed time. Cui Shi treated carbuncle swelling by using only white Jiangshi powder mixed with egg white applied topically; the carbuncle would naturally discharge. It is also good for mastitis. Generally, stone-type herbs mostly treat carbuncles and ulcers. Ma Siming of Northern Qi treated Yang Zunyan's back ulcer by taking coarse-textured Huangshi the size of a goose egg, heating it fiercely until red, quenching it in alkali vinegar, causing flakes to fall into the vinegar. Repeatedly heating and quenching until exhausted, then drying the flakes, grinding and sieving them, and mixing with vinegar for topical application resulted in immediate cure. Liu Yuxi called this the "Refined Stone Method": applying it to sores and swellings ensures healing. People also claim Maifanshi (Maifan Stone) treats back carbuncles. Maifanshi is coarse yellow-white, resembling wheat rice; those used as millstones are especially good. Lü Zihua, a hermit from Mount Zhong, prescribed: Crush this stone into chess-piece sized pieces, heat red in charcoal fire, soak in rice vinegar, reheat, repeating ten times. Take one set of deer horn including the skull bone, cut into 2-3 cun segments, burn in charcoal fire until smoke appears, then stop. Mix equal parts of Peucedani Radix [Bailian] powder and stone powder, double the amount of deer horn. Pound and sieve the three ingredients finely. Take three-year-old rice vinegar, boil in a pan until bubbling like fish eyes, add the prepared medicines, mix to a consistency like cold-food syrup. Apply with a comb to the swelling, leaving the tip exposed like a finger-nail size, allowing heat to vent. If no pus head has formed, it will resolve internally; if a head has formed, reduce its size. For chronic cases where flesh rots exposing bone, apply this plaster on fine cloth to the sore, changing when dry. As long as the skin is not perforated, it will surely heal. During the swelling phase, strictly avoid touching with hands; the effect is miraculous. This prescription was already in Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Yueling*, largely similar but slightly more detailed here. Also, round stones from water treat sudden back swelling spreading like a plate. Take one or two bowls of round stones from water, heat extremely hot, pour into clear water. After boiling settles, wash the swollen area; it heals immediately.
*Waitai Miyao*: Emergency treatment for mastitis swelling the size of a bowl, severe pain. Take 1-2 sheng of white Jiangshi powder, mix with egg white to a syrupy consistency, apply to swelling, change when dry. This formula has been frequently tested and proven excellent.
*Yanyi* states: Jiangshi is found everywhere; obtain it avoiding sunlight, freshly picked and slightly white is best. It is particularly effective for treating carbuncles.