\r紫菀\pd154.bmp\r
味苦、辛，温，无毒。主咳逆上气，胸中寒热结气，去蛊毒，痿蹶，安五脏，疗咳唾
脓血，止喘悸，五劳体虚，补不足，小儿惊痫。一名紫茜，一名青苑。生房陵山谷及真定、
邯郸。二月、三月采根，阴干。款冬为之使，恶天雄、瞿麦、雷丸、远志，畏茵陈蒿。陶隐
居云∶近道处处有，生布地，花亦紫，本有白毛，根甚柔细。有白者名白菀，不复用。唐本
注云∶白菀即女菀也。疗体与紫菀同。无紫菀时亦用白菀。陶云不复用，或者未悉。臣禹锡
等谨按药性论云∶紫菀，臣，味苦，平。能治尸疰，补虚，下气及胸胁逆气，治百邪鬼魅
，
劳气虚热。日华子云∶调中及肺痿吐血，消痰止渴，润肌肤，添骨髓。形似重台，根作节，
紫色，润软者佳。
图经曰∶紫菀，生房陵山谷及真定、邯郸，今耀、成、泗、寿、台、孟州，兴国军皆有
之。
三
月内布地生苗叶，其叶三、四相连，五月、六月内开黄、紫、白花，结黑子。本有白毛，根
甚柔细。二月、三月内取根阴干用。又有一种白者名白菀。苏恭云∶白菀即女菀也。疗体并
同，无紫菀时，亦可通用。女菀下自有条，今人亦稀用。《古今传信方》∶用之最要，近医
疗
久嗽不瘥，此方甚佳。紫菀去芦头、款冬花各一两，百部半两，三物捣罗为散，每服三钱匕
。生姜三片，乌梅一个，同煎汤调下，食后、欲卧各一服。
唐本余∶治气喘，阴痿。雷公云∶凡使，先去髭，有白如练色者，号曰羊须草，自然不
同。
采得
后，去头土了，用东流水淘洗令净，用蜜浸一宿。至明于火上焙干用。凡修一两，用蜜二分
。千金方∶治妇人卒不得小便。紫菀末，以井花水服三撮，便通。小便血，服五撮立止。斗
门方治缠喉风，喉闭饮食不通欲死者。用返魂草根一茎，净洗纳入喉中，待取恶涎出即瘥，
神效。更以马牙硝津咽之，即绝根本。一名紫菀，又南中呼为液牵牛是也。
衍义曰∶紫菀，用根。其根柔细，紫色，益肺气，《经》具言之。《唐本》注言无紫菀时，
亦用白菀。白菀即女菀也。今本草无白菀之名，盖唐修本草时已删去。
Asteris Radix (Ziwan)
Bitter, pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), cold-heat knotted Qi in the chest, removes gu poison (Gu Du), ataxia and weakness of legs (Wei Jue), calms the five Zang organs, treats coughing up pus and blood, stops wheezing and palpitations, addresses five labors and physical deficiency, tonifies insufficiency, and treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Also known as Zi Qian, or Qing Yuan. Grows in the valleys of Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. Roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade. Adenophorae Radix (Kuantong) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). It is contraindicated with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Tianxiong), Dianthi Herba (Qumai), Polypori Sclerotium (Leiwan), and Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi); it fears Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen Hao). Tao Hongjing stated: It grows everywhere near the roads, spreading on the ground; the flowers are also purple, the base has white hairs, and the roots are very soft and fine. The white variety is named Bai Wan and is no longer used. The annotation of *Xin Xiu Ben Cao* states: Bai Wan is Nü Wan. Its therapeutic properties are the same as Zi Wan. When Zi Wan is unavailable, Bai Wan can be used. Tao said it is no longer used, perhaps because he did not examine it thoroughly. Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Yao Xing Lun*, recorded: Zi Wan, a minister herb, bitter, neutral. It can treat shi zhu (a chronic wasting disease), tonify deficiency, descend Qi and rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, treat diseases caused by various evils and ghosts, and labor-Qi deficiency heat. Ri Huazi stated: It harmonizes the middle jiao and lung abscess with hemoptysis, resolves phlegm, stops thirst, moistens skin and muscles, and replenishes marrow. It resembles Chongtai grass, the root has nodes, is purple, and those that are moist and soft are superior.
*Tujing Bencao* states: Zi Wan grows in the valleys of Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. Currently, it is produced in Yaozhou, Chengzhou, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Taizhou, Mengzhou, and Xingguo Jun. In March, seedlings and leaves sprout on the ground; the leaves grow in clusters of three or four. In May and June, yellow, purple, and white flowers bloom, bearing black seeds. The base has white hairs, and the roots are very soft and fine. Roots are taken in February and March and dried in the shade. There is another white variety called Bai Wan. Su Gong stated: Bai Wan is Nü Wan. Their therapeutic effects are identical; when Zi Wan is unavailable, they can be used interchangeably. Nü Wan has its own entry below, and people rarely use it now. *Gujin Chuanshin Fang*: This prescription is most essential. For recent physicians treating persistent coughs that do not heal, this formula is excellent. Remove the rhizome head from Asteris Radix (Ziwan) and Adenophorae Radix (Kuantong), each one liang, and Stemona Radix (Bubai) half a liang. Pound and sieve these three substances into a powder. Take three qianbi per dose. Simmer three slices of fresh ginger and one dark plum (Wumei) in water to make a decoction, take orally mixed with the powder, once after meals and once before bed.
*Supplements to Xin Xiu Ben Cao*: Treats asthma and impotence. Lei Gong stated: When using it, first remove the rootlets. Those with white hairs like silk are called Yangxu Grass, which is naturally different. After harvesting, remove the soil from the head, wash thoroughly with flowing water from the east, and soak in honey overnight. The next day, bake dry over fire for use. For every one liang of material processed, use two fen of honey. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats sudden urinary retention in women. Take Asteris Radix (Ziwan) powder, administer three cuo with well-water (Jinghua Shui), and urination will resume immediately. For hematuria, take five cuo to stop it instantly. *Doumen Fang* treats strangled throat wind (Chan Hou Feng) and throat obstruction where eating and drinking are impossible, nearing death. Use one stem of Panax Notoginseng Root (Fanhonggen Cao - note: text says Fanhonggen, likely referring to a specific local herb or error, but translated literally as returned soul root), wash clean, insert into the throat, wait until foul saliva is expelled, then the patient recovers; miraculous effect. Then swallow Magnesium Sulfate (Mayaxiao) dissolved in saliva to eradicate the root cause. Also known as Zi Wan, and in the south called Ye Qianniu.
*Yanyi* states: Zi Wan uses the root. The root is soft and fine, purple, and benefits Lung Qi, as detailed in the *Classic*. The *Tang Bencao* annotation mentions that when Zi Wan is unavailable, Bai Wan is also used. Bai Wan is Nü Wan. Current materia medica does not list Bai Wan, probably because it was deleted during the Tang dynasty revision of the Bencao.