味辛，平，无毒。主破血，止血，生肌。亦充生菜食之。又生五种黄病，绞汁服之。
生平泽，紫花，蔓生，如劳豆。《诗义疏》云∶苕饶，幽州人谓之翘饶。《尔雅》云∶柱天
，摇车也。
食疗∶疗五种黄病。生捣汁，服一升，日二，瘥。甚益人，利五脏，明耳目，去热风，
令人
轻健。长食不厌，煮熟吃，佳。若生吃，令人吐水。
平，补骨髓，利五脏六腑，利关节，通经络中结气，明耳目，健人，少睡，益心力，
壮筋骨。此者是西土蓝，阔叶，可食。治黄毒者作菹，经宿渍色黄，和盐食之，去心下结伏
气。
食医心镜∶甘蓝菜作齑菹，煮食并得。壶居士陇西多种食之，汉地少有，多食令人少睡。
（己酉添加衍义）
\r蓼实\pd529.bmp\r
味辛，温，无毒。主明目，温中，耐风寒，下水气，面目浮肿，痈疡。叶，归舌，除
大小肠邪气，利中益志。
马蓼 去肠中蛭虫，轻身。生雷泽川泽。
陶隐居云∶此类又多，人所食有三种∶一是紫蓼，相似而紫色；名香蓼，亦相似而香，
并不
甚辛而好食；一是青蓼，人家常有，其叶有园者、尖者，以园者为胜，所用即是此。干之以
酿酒，主风冷，大良。马蓼，生下湿地，茎斑，叶大有黑点。亦有两三种，其最大者名笼
（音鼓），即是荭草，已在上卷中品。唐本注云∶《尔雅》云，荭，一名茏 ，大者名 （丘
轨切），则最大者不名笼 ，陶误呼之。又有水蓼，叶大似马蓼而味辛。主被蛇伤，捣敷之
；绞取汁服，止蛇毒入腹心闷者。又水煮渍脚捋之，
消香港脚肿。生下湿水旁。今按∶ 陈藏器本草云∶蓼，主 癖。每日取一握煮服之，人霍乱
转筋，多取煮汤及热捋脚。叶，捣敷狐刺疮，亦主小儿头疮。又云∶蓼、蕺俱弱阳。人为蜗
牛
子浸之，立瘥。不可近阴，令弱也。诸蓼并冬死，唯香蓼宿根重生
。人为生菜，最能入腰脚也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶蓼类甚多，有紫蓼、赤蓼、青蓼
、马蓼、水蓼、香蓼、木蓼等，其类有七种。紫、赤二蓼，叶小狭而浓；青、香二蓼，叶亦
相
叶俱阔大，上有黑点。木蓼一名天蓼，蔓生，叶似柘叶，诸蓼花皆
红白，子皆赤黑；木蓼，花黄白，子皮青滑。尔雅云∶蔷，虞蓼。释曰∶蔷，一名虞蓼，即
蓼之生水泽者也。《周颂·良KT 》云∶以薅，荼蓼。《毛传》曰∶蓼，水草是也。药性论
云
∶蓼实，使，归鼻。除肾气，兼能去 阳。叶主邪气。又云∶食之多发心痛，令人寒热，损
骨髓。小儿头疮，捣末和白蜜（一云和鸡子白）涂上，虫出不作瘢。若霍乱转筋，取子一把，
香豉一升，先切叶，以水三升，煮取二升，纳豉汁中，更煮取一升半，分三服。又与大麦面
相宜。孟诜云∶蓼子，多食令人吐水。亦通五脏拥气，损阳气。日华子云∶水蓼，性冷，无
毒。蛇咬捣敷，根茎并用。又云∶赤蓼，暖，暴脚软人，烧灰淋汁浸，持以蒸桑叶 ，立愈
。
图经曰∶蓼实，生雷泽川泽，今在处有之。蓼类甚多，有紫蓼、赤蓼（一名红蓼）、青
蓼、香
蓼、马蓼、水蓼、木蓼等，凡七种。紫、赤二种，叶俱小狭而浓；青、香二种，叶亦相似而
惧
大，上有黑点。此六种花皆黄白，子皆青黑。木蓼一名天蓼，亦有
大，小二种，蔓生，叶似柘叶，花黄白，子皮青滑。陶隐居以青蓼入药，然其蓼俱堪食，又
以马蓼为荭草，已见上条，余亦无用。苏恭以水蓼亦入药，水煮捋脚者，多生水泽中。《周
颂》所谓以薅（大羔切），荼蓼。《尔雅》所谓蔷，虞蓼是也。又《三茅君传》有作白蓼酱方
。白蓼，《药谱》无闻，疑即青蓼也。或云红蓼亦可作酱。
圣惠方∶治肝虚转筋。用赤蓼茎、叶切三合，水一盏，酒三合，煎至四合去滓，温分二
服
。又方∶治热 心闷。用浓煮蓼汁一大盏，分为二服饮之。外台秘要∶治夏月 死，取浓煮
汁
痛成疮。先锉浆蓼煮汤，令温热得所，频频淋洗，候疮干自安。孙真人
食之伤肾。合鱼脍食之，
则令人阴冷疼，气欲绝。斗门方∶治血气攻心，
今录验∶治霍乱转筋。取蓼
一手把，去两头，以水二
也。
衍义曰∶蓼实，即《神农本经》第十一卷中水蓼之子也。彼言蓼则用茎，此言实即用子，
故
此复论子之功，故分为二条。春初以葫芦盛水浸湿，高挂于火上，昼夜使暖，遂生红芽，取
以
种水红，与此相类，但苗茎高及丈。取子，微炒，碾为细末，薄酒
调二、三钱服，治瘰 。久则效，效则已。
[Background Information]
Book: Zhenglei Bencao (Compendium of Materia Medica Classified by Category)
Author: Tang Shenwei
Dynasty: Song
Chapter: Qiaoyao / ... / Liaoshi (Liao Seed) (Total 4 sections)
Category: Materia Medica
[Original Text Processing]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Primarily treats blood stasis, stops bleeding, and generates flesh. It can also be eaten as a raw vegetable. For the five types of jaundice (Wuzhong Huangbing), squeeze out the juice and ingest it.
Habitat: Grows in plains and marshes. Flowers are purple. Vines grow like those of Lablab bean (Laodou).
Shiyi Shu (Commentary on the Book of Songs) states: "Tiaorao" is called "Qiaorao" by people in Youzhou.
Erya (Classic of Names) states: "Zhutian" is "Yaoche".
Shiliao (Dietary Therapy): Treats the five types of jaundice. Crush fresh plants to extract juice, take one sheng, twice daily, until recovery. It is very beneficial to humans, benefits the five zang organs, clarifies the eyes and ears, expels wind-heat, and makes the body light and vigorous. Long-term consumption is not tiresome; cooked is best. If eaten raw, it causes vomiting of water.
Nature: Neutral. Benefits bone marrow, facilitates the five zang and six fu organs, benefits joints, unblocks stagnant qi in meridians and collaterals, clarifies eyes and ears, strengthens the person, reduces sleep needs, enhances heart power, and strengthens sinews and bones. This refers to Western Blue (Xitu Lan), which has broad leaves and is edible. To treat yellow poison, make it into pickles (Zu); after overnight soaking, the color turns yellow. Eat with salt to remove stagnant qi under the heart.
Shiyi Xinjing (Mirror of Dietary Medicine for Physicians): Sweet cabbage made into relish or pickles can be boiled and eaten. Hu Jushi in Longxi grows and eats much of it; it is rare in Han regions. Excessive consumption reduces sleep.
(Added in Jiyou year from Yanyi)
[Liao Shi - Liao Seed]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Primarily brightens the eyes, warms the middle jiao, resists wind-cold, promotes urination for water retention, facial and ocular edema, and carbuncles and sores. Leaves: Enter the tongue channel. Expel pathogenic factors from the large and small intestines, benefit the middle jiao, and strengthen willpower.
Ma Liao (Polygonum perfoliatum): Removes leeches in the intestines, lightens the body. Grows in Leize rivers and marshes.
Tao Hongjing says: There are many such types, but three are commonly eaten: One is Zi Liao (Purple Smartweed), similar in appearance but purple; named Xiang Liao (Fragrant Smartweed), also similar but fragrant; neither is very pungent and both are good to eat. The other is Qing Liao (Green Smartweed), commonly found in households. Its leaves vary in round or pointed shapes, with round-leaved ones being superior; this is the type used. Dried for brewing wine, it primarily treats wind-cold, which is very effective. Ma Liao grows in damp lowlands, stems have spots, leaves are large with black dots. There are also two or three sub-types, the largest of which is called Long (pronounced Gu), which is Hong Cao (Persicaria hydropiper var. longiseta), already listed in the upper volume middle category. Tang Ben Zhu (Supplement to Tang Materia Medica) notes: Erya states that Hong is also called Long, and the large one is named [character missing/cut], so the largest is not called Long; Tao misnamed it. There is also Shui Liao (Water Smartweed), leaves large like Ma Liao but pungent in taste. Primarily treats snakebites: crush and apply externally; squeeze juice and ingest to stop snake venom from entering the abdomen and causing chest oppression. Also, boil in water, soak feet, and rub to reduce swelling of beriberi (Hongjiaojiao). Grows in wet watersides. Current analysis: Chen Cangqi's Bencao states: Liao primarily treats abdominal masses (Jiji). Take a handful daily, boil and ingest. For cholera with muscle cramps, often take hot decoction to rub feet. Leaves: Crush and apply to fox-thorn sores, also treats infant head sores. Also states: Liao and Jie both have weak yang properties. Soaking snail shells in them cures immediately. Do not bring near yin areas, as it causes weakness. All Liao species die in winter, except Xiang Liao whose old roots regenerate. As a raw vegetable, it is most effective for waist and legs. Minister Yu Xi et al. carefully note according to Shu Ben Tu Jing: There are many types of Liao, including Zi Liao, Chi Liao, Qing Liao, Ma Liao, Shui Liao, Xiang Liao, Mu Liao, totaling seven types. Zi and Chi Liao have small, narrow, thick leaves; Qing and Xiang Liao have similarly broad leaves with black dots. Mu Liao is also called Tian Liao, vines grow, leaves resemble Mulberry leaves. Flowers of all Liao are red and white, seeds are red and black; Mu Liao flowers are yellow and white, seed skin is green and smooth. Erya states: Qiang is Yuliao. Explanation: Qiang is also called Yuliao, which is Liao growing in water marshes. Zhou Song · Liang Gong states: "To weed, Cha Liao." Mao Zhuan says: Liao is aquatic grass. Yaoxing Lun states: Liaoshi (Liao seeds) are guiding herbs, enter the nose. Remove kidney qi, and can also remove yang deficiency. Leaves treat pathogenic factors. Also states: Excessive consumption causes heart pain, induces chills and fever, damages bone marrow. For infant head sores, crush into powder, mix with white honey (or egg white), apply topically; worms come out without scarring. For cholera with muscle cramps, take one handful of seeds, one sheng of fermented soybeans (Xiangchi), first cut leaves, add three sheng of water, boil to obtain two sheng, add chi juice, boil again to obtain one and a half sheng, divide into three doses. Also compatible with barley flour. Meng Shen says: Liao seeds, excessive consumption causes vomiting of water. Also unblocks stagnant qi in five zang organs, damages yang qi. Rihua Zi says: Shui Liao is cold in nature, non-toxic. For snake bites, crush and apply, using roots and stems. Also states: Chi Liao is warm. For sudden softness of legs, burn to ash, leach juice to soak, hold mulberry leaves steamed over it, cures immediately.
Tu Jing states: Liaoshi grows in Leize rivers and marshes, now available everywhere. There are many types of Liao, including Zi Liao, Chi Liao (also called Hong Liao), Qing Liao, Xiang Liao, Ma Liao, Shui Liao, Mu Liao, totaling seven types. Zi and Chi types have small, narrow, thick leaves; Qing and Xiang types have similar broad leaves with black dots. These six types have yellow-white flowers and green-black seeds. Mu Liao is also called Tian Liao, has large and small varieties, vines grow, leaves resemble Mulberry leaves, flowers yellow-white, seed skin green-smooth. Tao Hongjing uses Qing Liao in medicine, but all these Liao are edible. He also identifies Ma Liao as Hong Cao, already seen above; the rest are useless. Su Gong includes Shui Liao in medicine, boiling and rubbing feet, mostly grows in water marshes. Zhou Song mentions "To weed (Da Lao qie), Cha Liao." Erya mentions "Qiang, Yuliao." Also, Sanmao Jun Zhuan has a recipe for White Liao sauce. Bai Liao is unheard of in Yaopu, suspected to be Qing Liao. Or some say Hong Liao can also make sauce.
Shenghui Fang: Treats liver deficiency with muscle cramps. Use three he of Chi Liao stems and leaves, one cup of water, three he of wine, decoct to four he, strain, warm and divide into two doses. Another formula: Treats heat oppression in the chest. Use concentrated boiled Liao juice, one large cup, divide into two doses to drink. Waitai Miyao: Treats summer death (heat stroke), take concentrated boiled juice... [text fragment] ...painful sores. First chop Jiang Liao, boil soup, make moderately warm, frequently wash, wait for sores to dry and heal naturally. Sun Taizhen [states]: Eating it damages kidneys. Eating with fish sashimi causes cold pain in the yin area, qi nearly ceases. Doumen Fang: Treats blood and qi attacking the heart... [text fragment]. Jinlu Yan: Treats cholera with muscle cramps. Take a handful of Liao, remove ends, use two [units]... [text fragment].
Yanyi states: Liaoshi is the seed of Shui Liao in Volume 11 of Shennong Benjing. When it speaks of Liao, stems are used; when speaking of Shi (seed), seeds are used. Therefore, this discusses the efficacy of the seed separately, hence divided into two entries. In early spring, fill a gourd with water, moisten, hang high over fire, keep warm day and night, then red buds sprout. Take to plant in water red [plant], similar to this, but seedlings and stems reach one zhang high. Take seeds, slightly stir-fry, grind to fine powder, mix with thin wine, take two or three qian to treat scrofula (Luoli). Effective over time, once effective, it stops.