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Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome), stops bleeding, treats gynecological diseases, and removes bi-syndrome (painful obstruction). Also known as Li. Leaves resemble those of Isatis indigotica (Daqingye).

Sour in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats various malignant qi (evil/noxious qi).

Bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough.

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily tonifies qi and prolongs life. Grows in mountain valleys, with white and smooth texture. Harvested in the tenth lunar month.

[Fifteen types of insects]

Primarily brightens the eyes, wards off military disasters and ill omens, and strengthens physical strength. Shape resembles [missing text].

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily induces sterility and tonifies qi. Resembles a bee, with a thick waist, feeding on tree and grass leaves. Harvested in the third lunar month.

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats sudden heart pain, metal wounds (trauma from sharp instruments), and insufficient flesh regeneration.
Minister Yuxi et al., according to Chen Cangqi: Sangdu (mulberry borer) removes qi stagnation, Taodu (peach borer) wards off ghosts; both act according to their origin, each having its own efficacy. Also primarily treats infant ruhuo (infant vomiting or similar acute condition).

Primarily treats shilong (stone strangury/urinary retention due to stones) and difficult urination. Grows in rocks.
Minister Yuxi et al., according to Chen Cangqi: In the waters between the Yi and Luo rivers, under stones at the bottom, there are insects like silkworms that spin silk to connect small stones into cocoons, undergoing metamorphosis in spring and summer into [missing text].

Treats abdominal pain, alternating chills and fever, and regulates blood. Also known as Fupan.
Tao Hongjing says: Now children call it [phonetic character] pan, or say it is [phonetic character] chong. Minister Yuxi et al., according to Chen Cangqi: Pan chong.

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats zhuanguan (likely an eye condition or specific disease), and brightens the eyes. Grows in Jiangxia.
Minister Yuxi et al., according to Chen Cangqi: Also known as Shi luo. Smaller than field snails, with ridges on top, growing in stream water. Cold in nature, juice primarily brightens the eyes and reduces water retention. Also called luo.

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats bi-syndrome and stops bleeding.

Pungent in flavor. Primarily treats accumulated blood in the heart and abdomen. Also known as Feilong. Grows in Shu region, resembling a mouse carrying something, with green legs capable of flight and a red head. Harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.

Sweet in flavor, toxic. Primarily treats shulou (scrofula/tuberculous lymphadenitis) and promotes urinary flow. Grows in hills, resembling horseflies, with red wings. Harvested in the fifth and eighth lunar months.

Treats bi-syndrome and internal leakage (internal abscesses or chronic fistulas). Also known as Duan, earth-colored with patterns.

Primarily treats alternating chills and fever in women.

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats bi-syndrome.

Treats closure syndromes (such as urinary retention). Also known as Wushe.

Makes one not feel hungry or thirsty. Grows in Huangling, resembling Ru (moist substance or specific organism), dwelling in the soil.